Riv. !t. Paleont. Strat. v. 89 n. 4 pp. 451-564 tav. 34-50 '':Giugno 1983

IN SEARCH OF THE PALAEOGENE / NEOGENE BOUNDARY STRATOTYPE

Part 2

POTENTIAL BOUNOARY STRATOTYPE SECTIONS IN

ITALY ANO SPAIN

A COMPARISON WITH RESULTS FROM THE OEEP SEA ANO

THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

Edited by

R. GELATI & F. F. STEININGER

lnternational Union of Geological Sciences

Commission on Stratigraphy

Working Group on the Palaeogene/Neogene Boundary

Key-words: Palaeogcne/Ncogene, Oligocene/Miocene, lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chrono­stratigraphy, potential boundary stratotype section, Italy (Sicily), Spain (Betic Cordilleras), equatorial Pacifíc Ocean , planktonic foraminifera environments, paleoecology of micromammals.

452

CONTENT List of contributors

Pre fa ce

ltaly: Sicily, Iblean Region General Geology (A. Di Grande ) The Case Cocuzza Section:

Location and lithology (A. Di Grande & M. Romeo) Calcareous Nannoplankton (M. Biolzi, R. H. Lehotayova, C. Mueller & G. Palmieri ) Planktonic Foraminifera (J.W. Zachariasse, M. Biolzi, G. Bizon, A.M. Borsetti, F. Cati, M. G. D'Andrea, R. Gelati, J.M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. laccarino, E. Malina & M. Romeo). Benthonic Foraminifera (A. Poignant ) Biostratigraphy of Case Cocuzza section (M. Romeo)

The Costa dell'Angelo Section: Location and lithology (A. Di Grande & M. Romeo) Calcareous Nannoplankton (M. Biolzi, C. Mueller & G. Palmieri ) Planktonic Foraminifera O· W. Zachariasse, M. Biolzi, G. Bizon, A. M. Borsetti, F. Ca ti, M. G. D' Andrea, R. Gelati, J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. laccarino, E. Malina & M. Romeo) · Benthonic Foraminifera (A. Poignant) Biostratigraphy of Costa dell'Angelo section (M. Romeo)

Spain: Be tic Cordilleras General Geology (J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares, E. Malina & F. Serrano) The Navazuelo Section:

Location and lithology (J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares, E. Malina & F. Serrano) Calcareous Nannoplankton (M. Biolzi, M. Baldi Beke & C. Mueller) Planktonic Foraminifera (J. W. Zachariasse, M. Biolzi, G. Bizon, A.M. Borsetti, F. Ca ti, R. Gelati, J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. [accarino, D. Linares, E. Malina, M. Romeo & F. Serrano) Benthonic Foraminifera (A. Poignant ) Biostratigraphy of Navazuelo section (J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares, E. Malina & F. Serrano)

The Barranco Blanco Section: Location and lithology (J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares, E. Molina & F. Serrano) Calcareous Nannoplankton (M. Biolzi, M. Baldi Beke , C. Mueller & A. Romein ) Planktonic Foraminifera (J. W. Zachariasse , M. Biolzi, G. Bizon, A.M. Borsctti, F. Cati, M. G. D'Andrea, R. Gelati, J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. laccarino, D. Linares, E. Mali­na, M. Romeo & F. Serrano)

-· Benthonic Foraminifera (A. Poignant) Biostratigraphy of Barranco Blanco section (J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares. E. Malina & F. Serrano)

Conclusions on the biostratigraphic results of the proposed potential Palaeogene /Neogene Boundary stratotype sections in ltaly (Sicily) and Spain (Betic Cordilleras}!, F. F. Steininger) References for ltalian and Spanish chapters

Comparison with results from the deep sea: The Palaeogene/ Neogene Boundary in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (G. Keller j

The nature and the effects of environmental changes in the Palaeogene / Neogene Boundary interval:

Changes in planktonic foráminifera and their environmental meaning ( G. Bizon) Paleoecological interpretation of micromammal fauna! successions in thc Late Oligo­

cene and Miocene of Spain (R. Daams & A. J. van der Meulen )

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

BALDJ BEKE M. Hung;1rian Gcological lnstitute Nepstadion ú t 14 H- l 142 BUDAPEST Hungary

BIOLZI M. Geologisches lnstitut ETH-Zentrum Son neggsrrasse 5 CH-8052 ZURICH Switzerland

BIZON G. BEICIP 366, Avenue Bonaparte BP 13 F-92502 RUEJL MALMAISON France

BORSETTI A.M. lstituto di Geologia Marina del CNR Via Zamboni 65 I-40127 BOLOGNA ltaly

CATI F. lstituto di Ge o logia e Palean to logia Universit:\ di Bologna Via Zamboni 67 1-40127 BOLOGNA ltaly

DAAMS R. Geological Institute Melkweg 1 NL-GRONINGEN The Netherlands

D'ANDREA M. G. AGIP/Sgel P.O.B. 4174 1-20097 S. DONATO MILANESE ltaly

DI GRANDE A. Istituto di Scienze della Terra Corso Italia 55 1-95129 CATANIA [tal y

GELATl R. Dipanimento di Scienze della Terra Via Mangiagalli 34 I-20133 MILANO ltaly

GONZALEZ-DONOSO J. M. Departamento de Geología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Malaga MALAGA Spain

IACCARINO S. Istituto di Geología Via Kennedy 1 I-43100 PARMA Iraly

KELLERG. U .S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A.

LEHOTAYOVA R. H. Geologicky Ustav Dionyza Stura Mlynska dolina CSSR-80949 BRATISLAVA CSSR

LINARES D. Departamento de Geología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Malaga MALAGA Spain

MEULEN A. van der Institute for Earth Sciences Budapest!aan 4 NL-3508 TA UTRECHT The Netherlands

MOLINA E. Departamento de Paleontologia Universidad de Zaragoza ZARAGOZA- 9 Spain

454

MUELLER C. Geoiogisch-Palaontologisches Institu t Sen ~. kenberganlage 32-34 D-6000 FRANKFURT / M. BRD

PAL:v.il:CRl G. AGJP/Sgel P.O.B . 4174 I-20097 S. DONATO MILANESE ltaly

POIGNANT A. Laboratoire de Microp aléontologie Université París VI Tour 15, 4eme étage 4 , place J ussieu F-75230 PARIS Cédex 05 France

ROMEIN A. J. T. Institute for Earth Sciences Budapestlaan 4 NL-3508 TA UTRECHT The Netherlands

ROMEOM. Istituto di Scienze della Te rra dell'Universita Corso Italia 55 1-95129 CATANIA ltaly

SERRANO F. Departamento de Geología Facultad de Ciencias Universid ad de Malaga MALAGA Spain

STEININGER F. F. Institu t fuer Palaeontologie der Universitaet Wien Universitaetsstrasse 7 /1 1 A-1010 WIEN Austria

ZACHARIASSE J. W. Jnstitute of Earth Scienccs Budapestlaan 4 NL-3508 TA UTRECHT The Netherlands

4 5'

PREFACE

In publishing the first rt:sults of its research works (Giornale di Geologia vol. XLI V, fase. f- f 1, J 9 81 ) the Palacogene/N eogcne Boundary Working Group while not having defined any final object yet, has nonetheless enabled us to: a recall attention to the existenr:e of !ithofacies (e. g. turbidites, ·1olcanoclastil rocks) of great significance with respect ro the geodynamical siruation of che Mediterranean; b) to clarify the significance of sorne first class faunal markers particularly as regards planktonic foraminfera.

These resuhs permitted ro direcr the course of subsequent research work carricd. out by the Group, in the way of giving to che fnternational Commissior on Stratigr<1phy, sorne objecrive data Far n $atisfactory solurion o( che problem

RestJlts of a second research series, coor,dinated by the Group in Sicily anc Spai n , are illustrated hereaftcr. ·: · .

1 n Sicily, M. Romeo an d A. Di Grande of Catania University ha ve presen red to the Working Group two sectiorís across relatively soft carbonatic rock~ of the iblean Foreland which outcrop around Ragusa.

[n Spain , J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, D. Linares, E. Molina an'd F. Serranc from the Universities of Malaga and Zaragoza have offered the possibility te study two sections in terrigenous rocks from the Betic Cordilleras which out crop to the NE of Granada.

Although all investigated sections are across the critical time span, th( opinion of the Working Group is that none of them can be classified as strato typical; in the area of the Mediterranean they surely are reference point for thc reconstruction of the geological events at the boundary between Palaeogenc and Neogene, but they lack sorne essential features which would allow them te be considered references of absolute value.

The results presented in this volume must therefore be considered only ª' a further step towards the possible solution of the problem which has been dcalt with by the Palcogene /Neogene Boundary Working Group. lt will be nec­essary to organizc future activities taking into consideration both new areas accepting also suggestions from colleagues who so far did not participare in thr activ ities of the Group, and exploring areas already known, taking account oi any negative elements that past cxperience has allowed to identify.

The editors are grateful to all active members of the Working Group, espe c ia lly to th ose that contributed to the success of this volume. They would likc to acknowledge also the ever flexible assistance of the late Prof. Dr. A . Martinsson, Chairman of the !UGS-Commission on Stratigraphy, and Dr. M. G. Bassett, the Secretary General of this commission. Their warmest thanks go to the editorial staff of the Rivista Italiana di Paleontología e Stratigrafia for having accepted this paper ; they are particularly grateful to Prof. C. Rossi Ronchetti for the critica! review of all manuscripts and to Dr. C. Albanesi for th e careful editing.

The volume is printed with the financia! support of MPI 40% and of the Centro di Studio perla Stratigrafia e Petrografia delle Alpi Centrali. ·

The Editors

456

ITALY: SICILY, lBLEAN REG!ON

.-lbstrcict. Two sections proposcd as Pobcogcnc/Ncogcne Boundary strarotypc havc bccn srudicd in the foreland of thc lble::m rcgion. Thc distribution of sclcctcd calcarcous nannoplankton, planktonic and bcnthonic foraminifcrJ. t.Jxa has bccn studicd.

The Case Cocuzza section is brokcn by a hi:nus covcring ch e en tire GluborotcJlia ku,(llcri Zonc. Thc Costa dell'Angelo scction is brokcn by a hlatus covering thc C. kugleri - Catapsydrax dissiinilis - Cata­psydrax stai11fortl1i zones of Bolli ( 1966 ).

Both scctions :ne: nen suirablc to serv e as a Palacogcne/Ncogcnc Boundary stratotyp~.

General Geology (Fig. 1 ). (A. di Grande).

Foreword. The lb lean area, in southeastern Sicily, lies between the Catania Plain, the Vittoria Plain, and the Medirerranean and lonian Seas.

In recenr papers, Sicily is considered as a natural continuacion of the E- W trending Apennine Chain beca use of its present physiography anci mainly duc to

tectonic-structural similarities and paleogeographic evolution. orne geo1ogical analogies are also found to the North - African mounrain chai.ns. ar leasc wirh regard to the scdimentological features and structural arrangement of certain formations.

From a paleogeographic point of view, che tble~n regíon , rhat corresponds to the Ragusa «plateau», is considered as being stratigraphically a.nd structurally a foreland domain, laterally continuing northward to the Apulo - Garganic plat­form and southward through the Maltese archipelago to the northeastern African chains.

At present the lblean area is an uprised structure bounded by tensional fau!ts, chieíly trending in a NE-SW and NW-SE direction, having been active at least since the Upper Miocene to rhe Presenr, with recently recognized strike -slip characters (Ghisetti& Vezzani, 1981).

Tectonic-sedimentary evolution. [n the !blean area sedimentary and eruptive terrain are known ranging in age from Mesozoic to Quaternary. The levels older than Upper Cretaceous are only known by bore-hole data ( Rigo & Cortesini, 1959; Rocco, 1959; Kafka & Kirkbride, 1959; Caílysch & Schmidt Di Fried­berg, 1967); the Oligo-Miocene succession makes up the bulk of rhe out­cropping rocks, while the Plío-Quaternary ones are found at its periphery over limited areas.

According to Catalano, D'Argenio & Montanari (1982), three larger depos­itional episodes related to the tectonic evolution can be recognized in rhe Mesozoic succession of the Iblean area. The oldest one is represented by the Gela Fm. dolomires, calcarenites and evaporites grading upward ro shales and laminated dolomitic limestones (Noto Fm. ); this is Upper Triassic (Norian­Rhaetian) in age and indicares rapidly subsiding platform (restricted tidal

lralv: Sicily, lblea11 regían 457

Fig. 1 - Geological map of the Case Cocuzza area. 1) Alternating marls and calcarenites (Ragusa Fm. - Leonardo Mb. ). 2) Massíve bedded calcarenite leve! (Ragusa Fm. - lrminio Mb.). 3) Alternating marls and calcarenites (Ragusa Fm. - lrminio Mb. ). 4) Alternating marls and calcarenites (Tel­laro Fm.). 5) Grave!, conglomerates, sands and calcarenites of the Quaternary age. 6) Actual debris. 7) Fault. 8) Section.

~i.l:iWiWS1W'

458 Palacogenc /Neogcne Boundary

plain) conditions. The tectonic events at the Triassic-Jurassic ~oundary allow a western (Ragusa sector) and eastern (Syracuse sector) domam to be d1stm­guished.

During the second depositional cycle, in Liass:ic times, the differences between the two dornains becorne larger, wirh an open Umestone platform environmcnt (a lga! and oolitic limest0nes of the Syracuse Fm.) in the eastern sector and subsiding basin conditions (Streppenosa Fm. p.p. and Modica Fm. p. p.) i~ the western sector. . .

A third Middle-Jurassic to Uppcr Cretaceous ep1sode is marked by the almost complete disappearance o f the Syracuse eastem platform followed at first by condensed sequences (Buccheri Fm. p.p.) with radiolarite marls and marly limescones rhen by pelagic calcilurites, deposited in the Ragusa western basin. At the end of this deposirional cycle a tectonic phase, combined with subaqueous and volcanic activity (Capo Passero Mb. of t?e Amerillo ~m.), fol­lowed by rudistid limestones (Ponopalo Mb. of the Amenllo Fm.)~ ag~m. allo:-Vs partial identification of distinct eastern and wesr~rn sector~. Th1s ?istmcnon becomes more evident from the Eocene ro ch e M1ocen.e unul the tlll1e of rhe general uprising of the Iblean area (Messinian ,according to Di Grande & Romeo

1980). . . . In the Ragusa sector, during the Tcrt iary, the pelagic sed1mentat10n (A_me-

rillo Fm. ) is replaced by sedimentation with detrital features ( calcaren1tes, calcilutites and marls of the Ragusa Fm .) (Fig. 1) in a subsiding basin of mod­erate depth, with depth increasing larer in the Lower to Middle Miocene as indicated by the deposition of the Tellaro Fm. marls. These are followed by the Palazzolo Fm. calcarenites and calci~u ~ites, relared to a rewessiv~ episode. Jmmediately afterwards, m the Mess1man, the present configu~auon of 0e Iblean Mountains became outlined wit:h che central part emergmg a;nd with evaporitic basins being formed at the periphery as a result. During rhe sarne time ( Eocene-Tortonian) the eastern sector o:hows srab!e open sea platform conditions, with both a moderate depth and a condensed sedimentat ion com­pared to that in the Ragusa area. The e.merging central part of the iblean region leads to rhe formation of lagoon basms at the penphery of th e sector, these correspond with the evaporitic ones in rhe western sec:i:or.

In the above mentioned Neogene inrerval, tecconic phases conrro!Jed the sedimentation in both sectors. An importam episode in rh e Syracuse sector is transgressive deposition due to an uplift: ing of t he Palazzolo Fm. limestones, the latter reach the Oligocene-Mioce·ne bou ndary here. In rhe western sector the deposition of the thick calcarenire beds marking che rransition b~twee~ the Leonardo and lrminio Members of the Ragusa Fm .. corresponds wtth th!S episode . .

The upper pan of rhe analyze.d sections probably shows the mfluence_of thi s recton.ic- sedimenrary episode wh ich led to a decreasing basin depth w1th increasing detrital in pu-i; and possib le local emersions; this episode could _be responsible for che se.dimentarion gaps and the subsequem lack of certam bio­stratigraphic intervals.

ltaly: Sicily. Iblc,,m rc¡¿ ion 459

fhe Case Cocuzza Section.

Location and lithology (Fig. 2). (A. Di Grande & M. Romeo).

Location . According to l.G .M. official Glrtography, this scction is in thc sourh - easrern pare of the Licodia Eubea quadrangle (F . 273, 111 NE ), 6 km NW of the Montcrosso Almo rown with thc following coordinares: long. (Rome M. Mario) 2º 14 30", lat. 37º 6' 30". lt has bcen measured and samplcd mainly a long t.hc left side of Cava S. Nicola , starting upslope from Case Cocu:aa atan altitude of 690 m a.s.l.

Only the lower part has been sampled along the right side; the continuity between the two parts is certain.

Lithologic sequence (Fig. 2). The analyzed lirh os tratigraphi c interval is en­tirely within the Ragusa Fm .. lying he re below the Tell aro Fm . ; both units are part of a monoclinal structure, dipping ar an average angle of 15° to rhe S or SSE and interrupted by tensional faults th at trend mainly in a NE-SW but also in a E-W and NW-SE direction.

The sequence is rather uniform , compose d mainly of soft marls and hard calcarenites, cherty at places. The overall measured thi ckness is 90.1 O m.

Three lith olo"ic intervals can be rccogni zed. [n rhe lowest one whirish weak marls, calcar~ous marls and marl y limestones are fow1d in layers 5 co 30 cm thick, regularly interlayered with hard whicish. finegrained cali;arenires i_n 20-40 cm thick laye rs ; thicker bcds, up to 1 m , are occasionall lound. Th 1s interval is 38.25 m thick and corresponds with i:he uppe.r pan of rhe Leon, rdo Mb. (Ragusa Fm. ) of Rigo & Barbieri (1959 ). .

The middle interval is made up of hard mainl y finc-grained. somet1mes coarser calcarenite beds interlavered with thin lav ers of white-vellowish .somc­times s~ndy, marls. This interv~l is 38.45 m thi ck in its entircty'and correponds with the lower part of the Jrminio Mb. (Ragusa Fm. J and wi th the le\·el with thick calcarenitic beds (Di Grande & Grasso. 19 77 ).

Thc hiahest interval is similar t o the lowest onc and consists o f ye llowish o coarse calcarenites in !aye rs 20 to 40 cm thick alternating with yellowish to white-yc llowish sandy marls in layers of equal thickness. The hardcr lavcrs in the lower part , thicker than the soft ones, include macroforaminifera '.Miogyp­sina sp., etc. ). This inter\'al is 8.4 m thick and correspo nds with the top part of the lrminio Mb.

Calcareous Nannoplankton (Fig. 3; Pl. 34 ). (M. Biolzi, R.H. Lehotayova, C. Mueller & G. Palmierí).

Low d.ive.rsiry characterized the nannofossil associarioa in the Case Cocuz­za seccion: Dictyococcites bisecta, Cyclicargolirlms abisectus C. floridam1s1

Coccqlithus pelagicus an d Sphenoli#ws morifomris are rhe most common species throuirhout che secrion. Nannofossils are common in samples CCl ro CC1 5, an d ar~ 'less frequenr from s¿1mple CCl 6 ro CC27. They are sligh tly co

460 l'alaeo~ene /Neo~e11<• Hormdary

Fig. 2 - View o f the Ca se Cocuzza section; the arrows indica te the top and the bottom.

h eavily m·ergrown and often brnken. In so rne samples, reworked Cretace ous and Eocen e s pec ies occur sporadi ca ll y.

Tl1e distr ibu rion of the stratigraphically most im portant species ( see : 1 n Search of che Pa laeogene/Neogene Boundary Stratotype, part 1) according to the d iffe rem aurhors an d the bi ostra tigraphic zonati on they proposed a re given in Fig. 3. LehotayO\'<I could srudy only few samples. rherefore her rcsults are not included in rhe chart.

According to all aurhors samples CCl to CC23 belong to the Sph enolitlws ciperoe11sis Zonc (NP 25 of Martini zonation, 1971 ), therefore to rhe Late Oli­gocenc. The upper boundary of this zone is dcfin ed by the highest occurrencc

of Sphenolitlms ciperoensi.~, Helicasphaera recta and Zygrhablitlrus bijugatus. Dictyococcites bisecta is common in sample CC22 and CC23, whereas only one specimen was found by Mueller and Palmieri in sample CC.:24 and CC25. Muclle r a.crua ll u es Diccyococcites diccyodus aud nor Dictyococcites bisect but since the au rhors agreed rhar the rwo names correspond bere ro the sarne form che , keep Dictyococcite~- bisecta.

Helicosphaera carteri indicaring an Early Miocene age is found from sample CC24 upw::irds. Ar rhe same leve! a decrease in siz.e of rhe nannofossi ls can be observcd. The specimens are larger up ro sample CC23 rhan in samples CC24 tO CC27. Th is change has been observed also in orher re.gions (Arl, nric.

/t,i/y: Sicily. f/¡/ea11 re~ion

ltalyo S1cily o Ragusa ore u

CASE COCUZZA SECTION ° Steininger F, Di Grande A,B Gelati R., 1981

L 1 THOS TR AT SAMPLE POSITIONS

~ w

e .. ou ~

_JZ o L ~

..,_ ww ~ - "' ~ º "'

e CO -o:: o .o L ~ ~~ "'-w L

E E "' "' o "'~

' u. o L e -E' zz- E o "' "' "' - º 'º<XI "' u. 6 E "' Octl D....U~ L

90

80

'- 70

"' -<> E: "' E: ~ 60

" ¡oc

.'.::

:......,-i===~gg~~1E''~~~ so ti tar corols, >------- gos1eropods a b1valves

50

<: c:i

;:::

"' ::. 40 ct -c:i .....

"' 30 V)

:::i \.'.)

"' O:: '-"'20

-<> i::

"' i::

L ""'ºº

--ce 1 ;1 -cc:j1 fl)í o ---ce 1 _PM CN

\ 1 So ft mar \ ~ limestones

"' ~ " "' ·'.? "" " <.i

BIOLZ 1 MÚLLER PALMIERI

~ "' ~ ~ "' "' "' "' "' "' <:: "' "' "' " " " " ~ ~ " <:: ~ "' <; -' " "' --~ " ~

" '-" <:> ~ ~~ <." <:> " ~

" '- ~"' "'"' " <." ""' " l.... ~ ~ Q,i

"' "' " ·" t:: ~ "' "'' ""' -"' "' Q,i ~ .::::i "( ~~ " "' <. -'.? ~ "'::::- """ ~ .<; '- """ ~ ~ Q,) ·===- t:J

"" " <."" "" "" " '- "' " " "" 1...1 l...-.(:)\.)

c:i V) :):' '-i O::<.,; c:i v; :):' ~ Vi :):' <.i e:; Vi :i: '-i :i:

NNl? 1

NP25

1 1

111

l .E553 H ard (fine or coarse) limeston e

461

·~ti <:>.' "'-'-" "'"' .':,

...._ -~[ e:; O::

Fig. 3 - Distribution o f the strJtigraphiCJl!y mosc important nannofossil species and bio-~ stratigraphic zonation s (M:irtini, 1971 ) proposed by each author in Case Cocu zz;i.

section.

462

Mediterranean. north Germanv) between zones NP 25 and NN 1. On these observations Biolzi and Muell~r dated the sediments from sample CC24 to

CC27 Early Miocene but no definire cvidence exisrs ro assigne rhe last portion of rhe sequence ro che nannofossil Zone NNl . The possibiliry of a hiatus between samples CC23 and CC24 is very like ly . Palmieri found a form of Discoastcr sp. cf. dmJ?.gii in sample CC25 (see PI. 34. fig. 7, 8) rherefore. he assigned rhe sequence from rh is sample to rhe rop ro rhe Disco.ister dmggii Zone (NN2 ). T pica! D. dmggii is generall missing or very rare in most par of tbe Medirerranean <1rea. Howcver, bo rh in rhe western ;md in the eastern Mediterranean. in surface and/or outcropping sections, six rayed Discoaster with a broad central area , resembling D. druggii but not typically developed, are usuallv detected in sediments referred to the Lower Miocene Zone NN2, on the basis 'o f other srratigraphical data, and are indicared as D. sp. cf. druggii. The presence of Helicosphaera ampliaperta usually found from the upper part of Zone NN2, in sample CC27 would support Palmieri's ass umption .

Planktonic Foraminifera (Fig. 4: Pi. 35). (J. W. Zachariasse, M. Biolzi, G. Bizon, A.M. Bor­setti, F. Cati, M. G. D'Andrea, R. Gelati, J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. laccarino, E. Malina & M. Romeo) .

Plankronic foraminifcra are poorly preserved throughout the section Case Cocuzza. Due to post - burial processes of dissolurion and reprecipitation of carbonare most plankronic foraminifera are recrystal lized, overgrown or even partially dissolved.

The small average size of rhe specirnens in combination with the poor state of preservation severely hinders a reliable determination of the individual fauna] components.

Fauna] analyses were initially carried out by M. Romeo who correctly concluded that the stratigraphic range of the secrion extends from the Oligo­cene up into the Mioccne. Later, sorne 27 samples. collected during che P/ Boundary meeting on Sicily ( 1981 i. were throughly studied by che ocher par­ticipants. Their distribution chans are presented in Fig. 4. Even chough mosr authors refrained from making a rotal fauna analysis, the scattered distribution of selecred taxa along wirh the grear nurnber of questionable dererminations readily portrays the poor state of preservation of the planktonic foraminiferal fauna.

During the PIN-meeting held in Malaga ( 1982 ), the distribution charts of the Sicilian sections were compared with one another to verify the degree cf correspondance in the srratigraphic ranges of biostratigraphically important taxa. In cases discrepancies occurred rhe true stratigraphic ranges were es­tablished rhrough cross-checking rhe material of individual aurhors by rhe whole group. In rhis way we could reach a consensus on the stratigraphic distriburion of selected taxa the resulr of which is given in the rightmost column of Fig. 4. Selected taxa are figured on Plate 35.

Ita/y: Sicily. lb/e.in rc;zim1 463

As shown in Fig. 4 rcpresentacivcs of che gcnus Globi,1?cri11oides occur chrough ut che sccti n. Thc rnxa GlvbiJ!cri11uidcs c¡11,ulrilubat11s triloba ( RclL~S) :111d G. il-tiaperhtrtts Bolli werc differenriared within rhe group of Clobij!eri-11oide.\. C. qrrndrilobatus trifoba is che label stric rly used for specimcns having (:ilmosr ) thrce chambcrs in rhe final whurl. Specirnens meeting chis definirion are found by ali authors in the interval delimited by the sarnples CC24 - CC27. C. alti<1pert1tr1tS is rarely registered by Molina and Go11zalcz - Do11oso in samples CC24 - CC27. and by Bizon and Romeo in sample CC26. Thc general upinion is thar typical C. altiapcrt11ms occurs unly i11 s;1mple CC26 and rhat specimens r·eported from samples CC24, 25, and 27 are eirher too poorly preserved or have too small a supplemcntary aperture: they fit in better with the definition of Globi_gcri11oides para111oodi ( Kel ler. 1 981 ) .

Ir is to be noted that in all cases th e poor pre sc r·vatiun hinders a certain discri111ination berween G. alriu.pem1n1s and Globi~eri11e1 woodi woocli Jen kins. C. woodi u1oodi is rcported b mosr aurhors from sa mple CC24 upwards. Spec­imens labelled by Gelati and D"Andrcu ;1s Clobi,!,?erimi bra;::iC"ri Jenkins in sa mples CC24 an d 25 werc cor\sidercd ind is •inguislrnble from specimcns as­signcd hcrc -ro C . woodi woodj_ In sample::s CC \ .J-16. CC9-10 , and CC6 rhese autho rs used rhe labe l G. brazieri for specímc11s considered to be of indefinirc taxonomic affinirv.

Thc highest ~ccurrcnce of Globigerina u11g11lis11t1mdis Bolli is reponed by Bizon from CC24. Checking the specimcns collecrcd by Bizon confirms the co.ntinuous presence of this species up to sample CC24.

Globigerinita g/11 ti11ara ( Egger ) is reponed only by Molina and Gonzalez­Donoso and by Bizon. These aurhors find the spccies from sample CC24 up to

CC27. Globoq1,¡¡¡dri11a delii»cens (Chapman. Parr & Collins) is found by ali

authors in sample CC27. lts presence in samples CC2.S and 26. reponed by Mo­lina and Gonzalez-Donoso, is accepted by the other authors. The lo wermost stra tigra ph ic occurrence of .\!eogloboq11adri11a acrostoma ( Wezel ) is reponed by Borsetri a nd Ca ti and Rom eo from sarnple le ve! CC24.

Specimcns assignable to Catapsydrax st,únforthi Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan occur sporadically in samples CC26 and 27 fMolina and Gonzalez - Donoso; Romeo).

Represenratives of rhe Globorotalia lwglC'ri group (including mo rpb orypes labc ll ed by Blow (1969) as Cloborocalia nie11dacis an d C. pseudok11gleri ) are e ..... --rremely rare in rhe U.pper part of rhe secnon. C. mendacis and C. pseudo­k11gleri are reponed by Borsetti a:nd Cati to occur disconrinuously from sample CC20 up ro CC26. A few specimens a.ssigned w Cloboruralia kugleri Bolli are reponed by Gelari. D' Andrea, Bizon Borseni and Cati. and Romeo frorn various samples above leve! CC24.

Finally , sorne quesrionable occurrences of :\!eogloboquadri11a opima opi­ma (Bolli ) were verified and subsequently omítted from thc record.

Conclusions. The distribution patte rn s of the planktonic foraminifera pre-

11oly S •c1ly Ro9 ... so oreo

CASE COCUZZA SECTION • Slei n inq er F, 0 1 Grande A, 8 Geloll R, 1981

LITHOSTRAT. SA MPLE POSI T IO NS

w ou

~ ...IZ

o º"' ~~ ;:: ~ ~~ E . g •u,

e "' - ~3; E E ~ - ..

¡; ::. '"" ~

E MOLINA &

J N GONZALEZ­

DONOSO

PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL DISTRIBUTION CHARTS OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS

R GELA TI & M G D' ANDREA G. BIZON M BIOLZI A M BORSETTI & F. CA TI

! 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 11 6 1 2 4 6 7 B 9 U~12 IG 17~8 19~0 1 3 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 1*1 1 2 7 8 9 ~ 1 4 6 1 s 10 12 1J 1~ 1s 11!221~~1oj:!sj2$'7121lj:1~

9 0

80

1· 11 11 1 lo e •• !el 1 1 ¡. 1 •• • • l~·io • I• • •• 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1

Jo • • Jo - •

1 1 1

I• 1

1 • • • I• • •

• ~~C.ll /'il:•CCtV'Zfar"'.Y

~~g'2:~~-~ ~ 4 0

i-.--i--- 00 10/• ttfO'h·_­Fr==t--cc ,o-!~~e-

<t-

" "- • c::i:::;~~l=:::--~~<c;c 9;/~1-!~~~ií't:2:: ~ C.C.5"11"i!~ ~CC5 --'-----30 • ~ C::::J:::F;:::::::'ót:º~'(¿:_l·~~3{~f~ ~

! 1. Glo61germa angulisuturalis 11 Glob1gerinoides afriaperrurrJs 21 . Gfoboquadrina cf. binaicnsis 2. Globigerino1des primordius 12 Gtoboquadrina praedehiscens 22. Neogloboquadrina opima op1ma 3 Globigenmta glutinara 13. Globigeriha ciperoensis 23 Catapsydrax dissimilis 4 Globigerinouics sicanus 14. Cassigerinella 24 Globoquadrina se!li

~ 5 Globorotalla praescitula 15 Glohigerína praebuflo1des 25~ Globoquadrína venezuelana o 'º ~ ~ loo 6 Neogloboquadrina acrosroma 16 Catapsydrax scainlorthi 26 Neogloboquadrina opima nona ~ L--«=z-,o•d!\,:C, - 7 Globigerfnoides trilobus 17_ Globorotalia k.ugleri 21 Globoquadrína tnpartíta

~ !!i:::!,~:: 8 , Globoquadrina dehiscens 18 Neogloboquadrina mayeri 28 Globorotñli"a kuglcn group

" ,L_ ~~::.:· ~ Mf:f :ITJ.n~i~ITff!If.0:~!1• ftli

Id

1-1

lo 1-1•

• • •

1 1

1

11.

• Ccrtain occurrcn-::c

• •

1 1

•

• :JO e

O Oucstionablc occurren-;c

X RcWorkcd

••• Fig. 4 - Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in Case Cocuzza section (Sicily).

•

•

M ROMEO

1 2 G 7 0 9 11 12 14 16 17j2$f

••

10 ¡Jo

•

SELECTED T AXA

COMMUNIS

OPINIO

AUCT

1 3 'º 6 7 8 g ll 16

T

464

senred in Fig. 4 indicare a disconrinuiry in rhe uppcr part of seccion Case Co­cuzza. A number of ra ., a . which in continuous sec:¡ucnccs havesuccessive first occurrences, abruptly a ppe3r at or immediacely ahove sample leve! CC24.

The (almosr ) .e ncinuous prescncc of C. dc>hisccns, C. quadrilobatus 1,..;­loba , and oF C. woodi 1wodi1 together wirh che occasi na! occurrences of C. altíapertums and C. st1.únfurtl1 i and rhe absencc of Cloborotalía praesci111 /t.1 Blow from leve! CC24 upwards penn it us ro posirion chis higher incerval bio­strarigraphica\ly wirhin che C. dissimili.' Zone (Bolli. 1966) or within che lowcr pan of thc C dissimilís / C . • 1lric1perwrns Zone of che Medirerranean scheme of Bizon & Bizon (1972). Th e reporced sporadic occurrences of C. a11g11/is11turalis in CC24 ( Bizon ), of C. ciperoe11.sis in CC25 (Bor.secri a nd Cari: Romeo). and of che C. k11gfori group ar various levels above CC24 ( Bizon: Borsetti and Cui ) 3re considered ro be d.ue ro reworking.

The association found. below le el CC24 is characrerized by ihe joinr pres­cnce of C . angalfr11turalis and Clobigerinoide~· spp. and withour .\'. opima opi­ma. lt is indicarive for the C . ciperocmsi> Zone of Bolli (1966) and Bizon & Bizon (19 72) .

The analysis of rhe planktonic foraminifera thus reveals a hiatus in bc­tween sample levels CC23 and 24, the extcnt of which corresponds with one planktonic foraminiferal zone (the C. kugleri Zone of Bolli , 1966 ).

Case Cocuzza Scctioon - Benthon ic Forammifera

Alabamlna -...·oltersto..-(i (Franke) :\lmaena sp. ."imphistegino lessonii d'Orb. Anomalina affinis (Harnken) Anomalina granO$O (Hantken) Bolivina beyrichi cor'lnata Hantken Bolivino budensis (Hantken) Bolivina hebcs .\\acfadyen BoJivino koessenensú L1ndenbc rg Bolivina liebusi Hofmann Bu.!imino alo=anerui$ Cush . Bulimino alsotica Cush. et P2rker Cossidulinoides compacta Cush. et f..ll1sor Ellipsog1anduliria vOsOr-helyil (HJn t:O:cn) Elphidiu m cr'ispum (Linnc ) Elphidium fichCeliam..;m prac{orme PJ.pp Etphidium minu tum (Rcu-ss) Efphidium oreenburgense (E¡;gcrl Heterolepo cos(oto Franzcndu Heterolepa eoco eno (Gurn!Jcl) Hopkinsino gracil is (Reuss) (,,, Uv(qarino farinosa Hanti.:cn Karreriella siphOnel!a (Reuss) fide 5ztrJ.\,; o:; l') i9) Morginulinopsis behmi (Rcuss) .\fiogypsinidae Osongularia p teromphal ia (GumOcl l Plonulino costara {Hantkcn) Tri{arina bradvi Cush. Tri(arina bude'°nsis (Hantkcn) Tri{orina t1Jbull{era {Kaas~chictcr) Tritazia cubensis !Cush. et Bcrrnudez) Tri tozia havanensis lCush. et Bcrrnudcd Tritozilina reus.si {Hamkcn) Uvigerino eocaeno Gu:nbel - me.ricona ,\!uu.il ¡;r. Uvigerina (linti Cush. Uvigerina gallowayi Cush. gr. Uvigerina hantkeni Cush. et Edw. - nuttalll Cu:.h. et Ed 1.1.1• gr. Uvigerina havonen.'I L'i Cush. ci: Ocrrnudcz Uvigedna cf_ longistriala Pcrconig VictorieHo oquitanica Dcbourle et Oel mas \'ictoriellinae (Eoruperria?) \'irgulop.'lis ka~.'le!en.!f" (Barjes) Vfrgulop.'ll."1 tubercu/ata (Egger) Vulw.llna jarvbi C ush.

1 2 34 5G

- i __J

- t

~

Fig. 5 - Distribution of benthonic foraminifera in Case Cocuzza section.

Jtaly: Sicily. J/y/ea11 ri'.J!i<>11 465

Benthonic Foraminifera (Fig. 5: Pl. 37-39). (A. Poignant).

Benthonic foraminifera are rath cr abundant and wcll prescrvcd in marly lcvels; thcy are scarce and badly preservcd in calcareous oncs. .

On thc whole, the microfauna mamly contams hyalme spec1es and few

<Lgglutinarcd nes. . . . . . . r\:odosariidae: Lentic11linu, Chrysalogonwm, Margmul111ops1s , l·ro11d101l<1-

ria. f>lectofrondicularia, Vaginulinopsi.> .. . and J:~111•igerinidae: Siphorwdos,m<1, Srilostoniella, are fairly common umil sample 2:i, but the1r spec1f1c ass1gnme~ir is always difftcult and most of rhem do not have any biostratigraph1cal s1gn1f.

tGlllCC. I The other predominant genera with rhe largest specifíc diversiry are: Ho i-

pina, {/11igerina, Trifa.rina, Elphidi11m, Heterolepa .. . . Many spccies cxist both in Oligocenc and M1ocene_o r have a '."1de strau~ra·

phica.I range in rhe Teniary. The mosr imercsring ~p~c1es f~r rh_e mcerpre.tat_ion of rhe Oligocene~Miocene boundary belong to B l1P111a, UP1f:rina, Hopkms111u., Trifarina, Victoriella F:lph.iditm1. Miogypsin~i Rercrolepa, .4 ma:na_.

According co sorne papers , a few spec1es oF .-\lmae~~ pcrs1st 111 ~he Lower Miocene nevenheless ir is a rather Olío-ocene genus: Bol111ma budens1s, B. koe,;­sencnsis,' B. liebusi, Hopkinsi11a gracili~ are reponed from Oligocene. Frifari11a tubulifera, described in rhe Eocenc of Bclgi.uni, is f~und _m rhe F:ench and Hungarian Oligocene. Victoriella aquitanica was descn?ed :n the Oligoccne of southwesrcrn France, Hetera/epa costara 1s w1despread 1n l1gocene .

On the contrary, Holi1•ina hebes is reponed from Mioc7ne, Uvigerinu fli11ti appcars in thc Mioccne of rhe Po Plain, Up/1 idh1in fichtel1a11wn praeforme is rccorded in the Aquitanian stratotype and 111 che Miocene of Ausrna, at lasr, Miogypsina indicares the Miocene. .

From these data, it implies that rhe boundary could be placed approx1-

mately rowards samples CC24-25. . . . Wit.h regard to rhe paleobarhymerry , 111 the lower and mid~l e part of rhc

section, the presence of Victoriellinae in three samples, the relattve abundance

0 f Almaena, the lesser number of PHllenia, Pleurostomella, the absence of Oridorsalis. Cibicidoides, 1 adosare/la., suggest a sea-depth of about 100-200 m . In the upper part of e.he. seer.ion , A1iogypsi1rn, Elphidium, .. hnphistegina point to shallow deposiríon with sea-dcpth probably not exceedmg 50 m.

Biostratigraphy of Case Cocuzza section (Fig. 6). (M. Romeo ).

The scratigraphíc distribution of sorne seleGed raxa of pla~ktonic and benrhon.íc foramini.fera as well as calcareous nannoplankcon spec1es has been studied by severa] specíaliscs of che ~ Working <?rou p on rh_e Palaeogene/Neoge­ne Bound.ary » and are ploned here in a rentac1ve correl~c10n ~hart to evaluare the biostracigraphic conelation for rhe Case Cocuzza secnon (F1g. 6. ). f

The u.Ppermosr Olig;ocene level, charac reriz.ci~ _by che last occurrenc~ o GlobiJ¡erina angulisuturalis, fa lls within sam ple posmon CC2J and is recogmzed

---

'rl o?" °' C1l

§' ¡,.>

~· .., ., "O :r

--<: o .....,

~ I e: N N ., "' "' ()

5· ?

~ ] ~

f i 5 ~

{ .e ~ ~

1 ~

i j ~ 4 1

' R A GUSA FORMATION Fo rmot 1o n~ (!)O -

---- r ; l> o 1 Leonardo - member j lrm1 n1 0-m em ber m~~ - 3· (}) ~ - (\) UJ .t> "' Ol , ¡ (l) lO ..... - · fT1

~O 1 o o o o o ? _ J o o me l er.:.__

1; ~

0 ~

(f¡ (/)..,o¿

~ ge ne r a l ~ ;n 2 :lJ ~ l 1!h o!o gy l -4 1g;iN~ l ~ C?N.g

--, o l> o

.C 1¡ 5._(/) D

:=-. - ~Gr ande U'J ~ íTl ~ ~ 1 , , 1 8 0 1.1 981 ~ o, ~ o -+ n n ·n n o no (')(") ,nf"I /n o t P/N - F IEL D -i:i -o n n n n n n n n nnnn

1 nn

1 G'>

::J __,__. N U.J l (.J1cn (.(l-'o=·== 1 1 (i) N rv¡ CONF EREN CE r ('JO "' ¡ e: 1 e: ¡': ;º ....... ¡ ~' · . -..... 0 -..i 198 1 . ni-z .,, , , T ·• I ~ , 7' 1 1 • 71 1 -¡--- ~ "110 (ñ A U>O ·o o 1 "U h "llO ¡;'OUI 0-0(") () 0><0 "' "U O 1 'U O O -U -

~ I o

' D.

" "' o ' n o

• o

' V>

"' 3

"' V>

o

" "'

~ n 0 _Non ~n !': n ?:.O:t:~~f1~ !'.) tJ cr ~ g.. ~~ ~n ::: o :O

gS º0

::'-;~ g';; , ,Q~ ~~~~g,.?S;S I / ~~~ ~S i 1 '.; ~ ,. ~ '¿ r emons "'.'

I ~ ~ ~~~ I ~ 1~ ~~ l ªl lH ~ g~ ~ ~- 1 1 ~ ~ ~I ~ 1 16' <:0 1 • ;: :• ¡¡ l 1 1 l 1;; 1 g ¡; '!. " 1 . 1 ' 0 3 •, 1 z CD

.,. · ,:J 1 1 1 1 1-(/1 I! 1 1 11 : 1 (f) r -

e; (' 1¡iur oe ns1,<> r:1pu1 t1P.nS1 s Zonu

1 13 n i 11 1 !16 liJ

N P 2.'J lon u

1M"'11111 1 ~ l ! /1

"IX

L

G anyu/1sutura l;s G i ob 0 1des s pµ

G g/ u l 1nata

N. a c:costoma

G tr1/ o bus

G wood1

G del11sc ens

G aft1 a pert111us

e s t a1 n fo1rt11

G ku y /e n y r 1rew¡

e (Í/SS/fnri1s Z onp

'Br:l l 1 191.i ii:

C c/1ss1n11ils/'G a 1<1

ap~rturu s Zo n e l 81ll ) I~ !: H1iCH\ 197 2 1

C dlJISfJC f US

O b1 s ecta

S c1µeroens1s

H rect a

Z b1111yalu s

·--- • .. •H cartefl •

L

O s p c: f cl ruy y11

H arnpl1ap e r1a

N. N. l /" 1 - N. N. 2 Z o n e

1M ,,,11 n1 !Yll 1

A l mae na s p 8 b uclen s1s

B k oes se11ens1s B !1 e bus1

H yr<Jc;1/1s

V CHJu1 ra nl(;a

B heb es M1ogyp s 1na

F l1 C l!I flr at·!fc1rr111 ~

u 1 11111 1

.,

;p ~ ~ :: ;;

~ ;,:;

~ ~ ~

·..¿

'.

466

as the C. ciperoensis ciperoensis Zonc ( Bolli , 1966 ). Within the same sam ple the last occurrence of Helicosp/1,1era recta, 7-ygrhablitlrns bij11gatus and Spheno­litlrns ciperoensis was recorded in th is section; ali these taxa are limited to thc calcareous nannoplan kton Zone NP25 of Martini ( 1971 ).

Several meters above this. ar sample position CC24 and CC25, the last occurrence of Holil'ina koesseneusis, Hopkinsirza gracilis and other taxa typical for Oligocene benthonic foraminifera associations were recovered.

The following-higher - interval of the section - sample position CC24 -is characterized by thc prescnce of Clobigerinoides q11adrilobat11s triloba, Clo­bigerina woodi woodi, Cloboq11adrina deliiscens rogcther with Catapsydrax stainforthi and C. altiapert11rns. This fauna allows the recognition of the Catapsydrax dissimílis Zone of Bolli (1966 ) or the lower pan of thc C. dissi­milis / C. altiapert11rus Zone of Bizon & Bizon (1972). This result is in good agreement with rhe observed occurrence of the calcareous nannoplankton Discoaster cf. dmggii and Helicosphaera ampliaperta, taxa reponed in general from the NN2 Zone interval of Martini ( 1971 ).

This foraminiferal and nannoplankton record revealed a majar disconti­nuity of this section across the Palaeogene / Neogcne boundary. The entire G. k11gleri Zone of Bolli ( 1966 ) seems to be missing, as is the larger part of nanno­plankton Zone NN1. This result cannot be comrolled using the benthonic foraminifera record, sin ce ( ·Pigerina flinti, Uphidium fichtelian11111 praeforrne and Miogypsina sp. are significanr Miocene taxa and indicare an Aquitanian age only.

This sedimentation gap between sample position CC23 and CC24 /25, detected by planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankto n associations only, is situated in the upperm ost part of the «Livello a banchi calcarenitici>> and could be the reason for the absence of an entire planktonic foraminifera zone - the «C. kugleri Zone» - straddling the Palaeogene/Ncogene boundary.

The analysis of the Case Cocuzza section within rhe wider lblean area re­vealed a majar discontinuity covering the interval berween the Oligocene/MiQ,;:. cene boundary and reaching up into the Burdigalian. This phenonienon was already noticed elsewhere, in severa! other sections studied in detail as potential Palaeogene/ Neogene boundary stratotype sections (Cati et al., 1981; Borsetti et al., 1983).

This general conclusion is supported further by the paleobathymetric study carried out by A. Poignant on the benthonic foraminifera of this section. A. Poignant reconstructed a basin evolution from the upper epibathyal zone at a paleodepth of about 100 to 200 meters during Oligocene time, decreasing to about 50 meters into the inner neritic zone in the Early Miocene pan of the section (Wright, 1978).

The hiatus recognized in the Oligocene/Miocene transitional part of the «lrminio member» of the «Ragusa formation» (Rigo & Barbieri, 1959), identi­fied as « Livello a banchi calcarenitici» by Di Grande & Grasso ( 1977) is prob­ably dueto a sedimcntation gap in the course of an cmersion of thc enrirc Jblcan area beginning in the Upper Oligocene and lasting until the Early Mioccne.

467

Fig. 7 - Geological map of the Costa deil'Angelo :tre:t. 1) Akcmaring marls and c.akarenites (Ragusa Fm. • Leonardo Mb. J. 2) Massive bedded calcarenite leve! (Ragusa Fm. - Lrminio Mb. ). 3) Alternating marls and calca­ren ices (Ragu sa Fm. - lrmirúo Mb.). 4) Alremati.ng calcarenit es and mar.Is (Tellaro Fm.) . 5) Whirish marls (Teíl ro Fm.J. 6) Rcccnt and acrual alluvium. 7) Faulc. 8) Section.

.. ........,_,

468 Palal'oJ!l'ne/NeoJ!enc B01mdary

The Costa dell'Angelo Section.

Location and lithology (Fig. 7, 8). (A. Di Grande & M. Romeo J.

Location (Fig. 7 ). According to l.G.M. official cartography this section is in rhe central-southern part of the Ragusa guadrangle ( F. 276, 1 NO ), 0.5 km ro the east of Ragusa lbla , and has the following coordinares : long. (Rome M. Ma­rio ) 2°· 18' 20", lat. 36° 55 ' 30". Thc section has been sampled a long the left side of rhe lrminio Rivcr vallcy starting from rhe coníluence with thc Cava S. Leonardo vallcy at 502 m a.s.l. clown to about 350 m a .s.l.

Lithologic sequence (Fig. 8 ). The section has been wholly samplcd within the Ragusa Fm . which líes a.l mosr hori:zonrally, clips gently to rhc E, and is cut by a dense pattern o f tensional faulrs, mainly trending in a N E- SW direction; occasionally different and variable clips are found.

The sampled secrio n is 1 52 m thick and the lithol ogic sequence is com­posed o f har.d , fi ne ar coarse-grained. calcarenites and sofc marls.

Three intervals can be recognized based on the manner in which the above-mentioned lithologic types are associated.

In the lowest interval hard, fine-grained, whitish calcarenites in 20-40 cm thick layers regularly alternare with rhinn er layers o f soft whirish marls. Hard calcarenite beds up to 1.5 m in thickn ess and brown cherty nodules are

Fig. 8 - \licw o t' rh c Cosra dcll"Angclo sec tio n; che arrows indicare rh e rop and rhe bo rrom .

{ta/y: Sicily, Iblecm rej!icm

ITALY StCIL'Y RAGUSA AREA

COSTA DELL" ANGELO SECTION

s1ein1nger F, D• Grande A S Ge~·-R_

LITHOSTRAT SAMPLE POSI T ION S

..,_ N:>-_

--- - CA23 - <t~~·c

~ "" ~

"'

B 1 O L Z 1

~ , i3

~ 2 "' ~ , ~ "" "" c; ' " 'º l: "'

, " o ~

~ ' i' "" ?.

¡; ~

? .. " o

"' l:

':~:; >--+-<,__ __ -.,!:Nlt

- CA 22 - i~~i 220"/ 4º

¡"'.,.IJ// f ..-a a

!~f,i•~Gfl' f 1W il•N'C",

--!'.:A20-tlrl'O 43, :"0in .. ... ,01 '"l! • Olll

- -- ~ ___J

! -VI- CA 18 --- !------!

::'""~::: =¡~' --CAl5--~

-- (A14-27<l 0 '9• 1

- -j ;; 1

--- CA12- ~----j

-•-<011-:J . --c.t10--~

"' ·- -C••--:: ~tflr11rn111ro" - =X .o Qpluqmrtf'Jt~J :

-~,, ·n-cc.a--~

--en --"' -·"-<•&~: ·r'1141 n -Ct15--

• -x1v-c¿.a

NP25

1 1

~ "" ¿; o ,.,

MULLER

o ~

"" ¿;

"'

~ i;

~ "'

NP25

l. ¡ 1

1

111

PALMIERI

N P 2 5 Hn-

11

11

469

Fig. 9 - Distribution of the stratigraphically most important nannofossi~ species and ~io stra · tigraphic zonations (Martini, 1971) proposed by each author m Costa del! Angelo sec tion.

470 Palaeogene/Neogene Boundary

also found ar irs botrom. This interval corresponds with the upper part of the Leonardo Mb. (Ragusa Fm.).

The middle interval consiscs of hard calcarenite beds, grading upward from fine-to coarse-grained interlayered with lenticular bodies of sandy marl s or with alternating layers of calcarenices and sandy marls. Each of the beds, at times showing slum.ping structures, has a variable thickness of up to 20 m lac­erally; three of such beds have been observed along che surveyed section. The inrerval corresponds with the lower part of che lrminio Mb.

The highesc in cerval is 6.6 m thick entirely and is made up of hard, coarse­grained yellowish calcarenite layers 20-60 cm thick and of yellowish, relatively hard sandy marls in layers of the same thickness. This interval is distinct from the lowest one because the mar! layers are thicker, harder and coarser-grained; it corresponds with the top of the Irminio member.

Calcareous Nannoplankton (Fig. 9; PI. 34 ). (M. Biolz i, C. Mueller & G. Pa lm ieri).

The ca.lcareous nannofossils presenr in the Costa dell Angelo .secrion srrongly ;uy in abunda.nce and preservaüon. In the lower pan of che sequence up ro sample CA15, thc change is m a.inly rela.red ro recrisrallizacion and frag­menracion due to diagenesis, which is expe·cially srrong in <he carbonate rich layers. Nannofossils are rare in samples CAl 6 to CA20 , af!d become more comrnon again in samples CA2J to CA23. In sample CA24- chey are almost a.bse nt and in samples CA25 to CA27 are very rare.

The assernblages are generally of low diversicy: Dictyococcites bisecta Cyclicargolithus abisectus, C. fioridanus , Coccolithus pelagicus and Sphenoli­thus morifonnis are che most common species rhroughou t the section. In Fig. 9 che biosc:ratigraphic zonacions proposed by rhe differenr authors a.nd che distri­bucion of the srratigraphically mosr importa.ne species (see: In Search of the Palaeogene /Nea gene Boundary Stratotype, part 1) are given.

Ali three a.uthors a:ssigned the sequence from the boctom up ro sarnple CA22 to rhe Late Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone ( P25 of Manini zonarion 1971 ). Ar.. this leve!, coinciding with rhe highesc occurrence of Sphe­nolithus ciperoen.sis Biolzi and Palmieri rraced rhe upper boundary of zone NP25. Mueller used Dictyococcites bisecta (= dictyodus ) as index. fossil (she didn t dececr any Spherrolithus ciperoensis high er rha.n sa.m.ple CAl 4 ), therefore she placed che same bounda.ry one sample higher, berween CA23 and CA24. Actually Dictyococcites bisecta has a continuous distribution, wherea.s Sphe­nolithus ciperoen.sis, common up ro sample CA14, becomes rare and discontin­uous in che upper part o-f ics range. Howeve.r, since i.ts decerminarion is doubc­less (see PI. 34, fig. 16) and since its highest occurrence level, slightly lower chan the leve] of extinction of Dictyococcites bisecta, ís ripical, Sphenolithus ciper-oensis is here considered a r eliable marker of che upper bounda.ry ofZone. NP25. Helicosphaera recta and Zygrhablitlrus bijugatus are useless for the definirion of che Oligocene/Miocene bounda.ry in the Costa deil 'Angelo section bec.ause they have ch.eir. highest occurrence in levels far lower (somewhere be-

Ita/y: Sicily. lb/can re¡:io n 47 1

tween 4 7 m and 82 m,according to che different auchors ) than those of Sp'1c110-litl111s ciperoensis and Dictyococcites bisecta. No age determination was pos­sible for sample CA24, because of the scarsity of nannofossils. The prcsence o f Sphenolithus i1eteromorplius and Helicosphaera ampliaperta in sarnple CA25 assigncs this sarnple to the Helicosphaera ampliaperta Zone (NN4 ). The last occurrence of Helicosphaera ampliaperta would actually define the boundary becween NN4 and NNS, however, because of the absence of other significant species and because one of the auchors detected Helicosphaera ampliaperta also in sample CA27, it seems better to assigne the upper part of the sequence from sample CA25 to the Early Miocene Zone NN4.

A hiarus representing about 5 million years exists between sam plcs CA23 and CA25.

Very few Eocene reworked species have been observed.

Planktonic Foraminifera (Fig. 10; Pl. 36 ). (J . W. Zachariasse , M_Biolzi. G. Bizon, A.M. Bor­setti , F. Cati, M. G. D'Andrea, R. Gelati , J. M. Gonzalez-Donoso, S. laccarino, E. Mo· lina & M. Romeo).

The state of preservation and the overall aspect of the planktonic forami­niferal fauna in section Costa dell'Angelo is similar to that reponed from sec­tion Case Cocuzza.

The pilot study of M. Romeo, demonstrated thc Oligo-Miocene age of the section. Late, sorne 27 samples were studied by the working group th e results of which are presented in Fig. 10. Following the procedure described earlier, che general opinion on the stratigraphic ranges of se lected taxa is given in the righcmost column of Fig. 1 O. Selected tax a are figured on Piare 36.

Thc poor state of preservation of the planktonic foraminiferal associations is accentuated by the extreme poverty of data in the middle/upper part of che section . Thanks to the perscverance of sorne authors we could ascertain a defi­nite turn -over in the planktonic foraminiferal composition in the upper part of the section.

From sample leve! CA25 upwards, all authors reponed various occurrences of Clobigerinoides quadrilobatus triloba (Reuss), Globoqlladrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr & Collins), and Clobigerina woodi woodi Jenkins. In addition, most authors registered Neogloboquadrina acrosto1na (Wczel ), while sorne authors (Molina and Gonzalez-Donoso; Bizon ; Borsetti an d Ca ti) documented the presence of Cloborotalia praescitula Blow.

A lengthy discussion was held on the taxonomic status of specimens label­led as Clobigerinoides sicanus De Stefani by Molina and Conzalez-Oonoso, Gelati and D' Andrea, Biolzi, Borsetti and Ca ti, and Romeo. The final conclusion was th at these forms are indistinguishable from C. sicanus and consequently we added the !abe! C. sican us in the combined discribution chart of Fig. 10.

With respect to Clobigerinoides altiapertums Bolli no consensus could be reached. The specimens collecced by Gelati and D' Andrea from sample CA26, and by Borsetti and Cati from CA25 did not allow a certain determination.

ITAU SICILY RAGU S ll AREA

S leonor.q er F. O~ Groridc A S Geloli R 1--~~~-..-~~--~

L ITHOSrRA T SAMPL .S POSITIONS

o~J _, ;z

c::<D ~~ - : om ..._~w

E MOLINA &

J N GONZALEZ­OONOSO

<.:J- ,..._O'I 0 t2J4S6 7 89

o~ ~ § l -~---J-++-t-+-t-H-++-l 1 11 1111

l'alac vJZC Hc/Ncof"''c Boundary

PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL DtSIBIBUTION CHARTS OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS

R. GELA TI & G BIZON M. BIOLZI A_ M_ SORSETII & F CA TI M G D'ANDREA

~ 1111 ~ 1111

O• • • ¡.

.1 • 1 •

• •

I~

I• •

I~

I•

o

•

l~, I• ¡q

1 ¡. I~

soft morly l1mestone s ¡:::r:::;:::::r l'lard\T1ne or coarse1 tJ::::::::::J:S l1mes1one

r---, 11mestone w1Tr1

L___J che-rr-nodules

SELECTED T AXA o .... !<

!Z5 w,._ COMMUN'5

;:,,., zz

S IACCARlNO M ROMEO Of'1NIO ~~ AUCT <

1 1 • t 1 ~ 9 n¡q 1 2 , G 1 a 9 12 ,. 1&p¡;j?a 1 3 1~ s 6 7 B o ' ~ ; f-+-t-+-t-++-+-t-++-t-i ~-+-!-+-+-+-'1-+--+-<~~

•• o o

lol

1

¡o o

11-11 1•¡.¡ 111 11

1 1

l 1

1 1 11

l 1

l

1 I

1 1

•

• 111111u

I~

w z o N

1

·-.

1

;¡;

~ 8-· I "' ~ 2 ~

1

·§-

"'

11

1

•

1 1

Fig. 10 - Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in Costa dell 'Angelo section (Sicil y). For explanation of arabic numerals, so lid lines, open (clo sed ) circles, see caption Fig. 4.

5 ¡:: < 2

472 l'alaeoj(cne/Neoj(ene Bo11ndary

Nonc o f thc taxa lis ted above was found below leve! CA25. The m ost c haracreristic elem ent in che associations Írom below CA25 is C/obiReri11a ang11/i,-uttir(lli.~ Bo ll i the h ighest occu.rrence of wbich has be.en fixed :1r sam ple leve! CA24 . Up to the same sarnple leve! scattcred ccurrences of Globigerirw cipe roenús Bo lli are re poned by Bizo n and by Borserti and Cati.

Although sorne aurh o rs collecred a few specimens wh ich werc question­able assigrrcd ro N •ogloboqrwdri11a opima opima (Bolli ) rhcy did nor m eer sufficicntly weLI rh e o peraüo nal definirían .

The lowermost stratigraphie occurrence of the genus C lobigeri11oicles could be fixed at s;1mple leve! CA!4 .

Conclusions. Th e disrribution patterns of pla nktonic foraminifcral taxa in section Costa dell"Angelo undoubtly indicare the prese nce of a promin ent discont inuity in the upper part of the section.

The occurre·nce of C. sicanus and C. pra.esciti1la in rhe intervaJ de limircdí by the samples CA25 - CA27 indicares rhat this part o f the secrion can be correlated wirh the upper part of rhe C. insueta Zo ne of Bolli (1 966) and with t he upper part of rh e C. trilobus Zone of .Bizon & Biz.on ( 1972 ). The in terval b.elow sample le vel CA25 is attributable to the C . cipe roensis Zonc of Bolli (1966) and of Bizo n & Bizon ( 1972).

Hence a hiatu s is present in our reco rd in between samplc leve ls CA24 and CA25 the ex tent o f which is greater than in sec tion Case Cocuzza.

Benthonic Foraminifera (Fig. 11 ; PI. 37-39). (A. Poignant).

The benthonic foraminiferal assemblage is not essentially different from that o f the Case Cocuzza section; it is, howcver, a little less abundant and di­versified.

As in Case Cocuzza, calcareous hyaline species are predominant and agglu­tinated ones rather scarce. Nodosaríidae a nd EouPigerinidae are num ero us. Th e other predominant genera are the same as in the Case Cocuzza section .

The species apparent!y most interesting for the biostratigraphy belong t o the genera: Bolíl'ina, Recto boli1•ina, Hopkinsina, Discorb inella , Elphidium, Co­ryphostoma and .4 lmaena.

.4 lmaena is m ainly an Oligocene genus: Boli11í11a budensís, B. koessenensis, B. liebusi, R ec tobolivina costifera and Hopkinsinagracilis are reported from the Oligocene.

Bolii•ina míocenica and Elphidium fichtelianum praeform e are re corded in the Miocene. Coryphostoma sp. is found in the Lower Miocene of southwestern France and Discorbinella bertheloti in the Fren ch Burdigalian.

The boundary between the Oligocene and Miocene is not obviou s because the last levels are highly calcareo us marls and contain a poor and b adly pre ­served faun a.

[ta/y : Sicily. I hlcan rcJ!ion 473

Co sL...1 dell'.\n~clo "ic c tion _ P.C"nLhon1 <..'. Fur«r111111l e r.J 1 ~ !- _¡ ~ (, 7 B 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 íl '??O 1 2 ~ .i:l 5 6 7

Fig. 11 - Distributio n of benthonic foraminifera of Costa dell"Angelo se ction.

Because accordi no- ro rhe AGIP book Holii>i11a miocenica appears in th e Langhian, ccrtain leve!; in the Lowcr Miocene are possibly missin g.

~As far as paleo bath ym etr y is concerned , representanves of .4 lmae11u. and Up'1idi 11 m in most of rhis sec tion and similarly in the Case_Co:una se.cr1on._as well as the ab sence or scircity of genera su ch as Oridorsalis, C1/J1cido1des, .\ o ­dosare lf ,1. f>1tllenia, Pleurostomella indicares a deprh simibr to that tn Case

C - · e 100 to 200 m. The t op levels of the section porn t to a decrcasrng ocuzza , l. .

depth of dcpos irion ap proach ing 50 m. . . . Compared with che sect1ons o f the P1ed_mont _( Lemm.e ! and Marche reg1ons

(~a· rusconi , Montebello DºUrbino, Casa d1 Tos1J. the S1e11ian sec t1on s are n o t as rich in b enrhonic foraminifera. In the Lemme section the nchest neady 120 spccies bel onging to 62 genera were found, while in Case_Cocuzza only 64 spe­cics and 43 genera were recorded . On th e whol e, foram1mfera are b etter pre-

scrve d in th e Sic ilian sections. _ In general, rhe depth of the Sicilian dcposi ts is _lower than m 1:onhe~n. lr-

a ly as indica ted b y ch e lack o f both agglutin~ted sp_ec1e~ ( ~arrene lla . .1 nta~;ci/ma , t:ggerella, Do rothia, Ma rtinottie/la ) and O nd?rsalzs. Czbzc1do1des, :\odo,u.rella, e.h e presence of" .i.lmaeria, Elphidium and i~1cto n e lla, and m the upper le vels numerous f ; /plúdimn, M iogypsina and A mphzstegina.

Biostratigraphy of Costa dell' Angelo section (Fig. 12 ). (M. Romeo ).

Thc suatigraphic distributio n of sorne selec ted taxa of plank tonic and benth onic foraminicra as well as calcareous nan noplankton species has b ee n

474 Palacogcrre / Ncogcnc Bourrdary

srudied by severa! spccialiscs of che Palaeogene Neogene. Boundary Working Group and are ploncd here in a rcnrativc corrclarion charr ( Fig. 12).

The larger parr of che sectioa belongs to rhe Lace Oligocene since C, ang11-lis11 turalis is present up to sample CA24. Tbis en tire inrerval of che seer.ion cherefore can be correlated ro che C. ciperoensis Zone of Bolli (1966). The uppermosr occurrence of Sphenolithus ciperoensis and Dictyococcites bisecta indicacive for che calcareous nannoplankton Zone NP25 of Martini {1971 ), was recorded slighcly lower in sample CA22 or CA23. Towards sample CA23 che laresc occurrence oí Boli11ina budensis, B. liebusi, R ectoboli ina costifera and Hopkinsina gradlis also indicares the Lace Oligocene age of chis pare of the sec t ion .

A sudden faunistic change is recognized ac sample position CA25 by che occurrence of C. sicanus and C. praescitula a long with C. quadrilobatus triloba, C. dehiscens and C. woodi 111oodi. This associaci.on is typical for the C. insueta Zone of Bo!H (1966) and che uppermost pare of che C. trilobus Zone in rhe Medicerranean biosrrarigraphic zonarion of Bizqn & Bizoa (1972). Together wirh che.se planktonic indicacors we can follow the appearance of Sphenolitlms hetero nwrphus and Helicosphaera ampliaperta , indicarive of nannoplankroa Zone NN4 of Marüni (1971 ).

This major hiacus between sample CA23/24 and CA25 strerches overa time imerval of approximately 7 million years and contains che plankton fora­minifera zones C. kugleri - C. dissirnilis - C. stainfortl1i - and pare of the C. iris11eta Zone .in the zonation of Bol li (1966) or che C. kugleri - C. primordius - C. dissimilis/G. alriaperturus - and the lower pan of rhe C. trilobus - zones in che Medirerranean zonation scheme of Bizon & Bizon (1972). In terms of calcareous nannoplankton zonarion, parts of che NP25 - NNl - NN2 - N3 and even parts of che NN4 Zone in terms of Martinj s (1971 ) zonation are missing. Benchonic foraminifera indicare chat the Aquitanian and nearly the encire Burdigalian is missing in rhis secrion.

Th is ma jor h.iatus in che Costa. del!' Angelo secrioa muse be seen in con­neccion with rh~ evolutíon of entire lblean area and is aga.in recorded in the <d rminio member» of the « Ragusa fonuarion» in the uppennosr beds of the so- called « Livello a banchi calcarenitici» (Di Grande~ Grasso, 1977 ). The sedi­mentation gap may be due rn a complete ºemersion of the area. The benrhonic ÍOiarninifera record ar leasc again poims co a paleodepth evolution of the area similar to that recorded in the Case Cocuzza secrion.

ITALY S ICILY RA GUS.O. AREA

COSTA DELL'ANGELO SECTION

Stein1nger F, 01 Gronde A 8 Gelol• R

"

'l'

"' " '-

" "' "

lwatl (i,.O~ilflg lf'C:t•°"I lt' E Wd U'f'CI

-- CAZO - CA~ 4.!,20trt .,,.11 u ol 11"11: •Olf

~

-

1-1 sof l m o,. !y li meslone s

Jtaly: Sicily. Jblean rej!ion

111111

~ hord (fine or coors e ) ~ lt mes ro ne

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

r--i l1rnes:cne w11h L____J c n e:-t- ri oó ul es

1 1 1

1 I

Fig. 12 - Biostratigraphy of Costa deÚ 'Angelo sec tion.

475

1 1

500 PalacoJ!ene /NnJJ!CllC Boundary

REFERENCES(l)

Adams C.G. (1981) - Larger Foraminifera and the Palaeogene/Neogene boundary. -~"11. Céol. Pays Hellén., Proc. 7tl1 /nt. Congr. Mcditerr. Neogcnc ( Athens 19 79 ), n. 4, pp. 145-151, 2 fig., Athenes.

Agip mineraria (1957) - Foraminiferi p:J.d:rni, 52 pi., Milano.

Azema J. et al. (-1979) - Las microfacies del _lL1rásico y Cretácico de las Zonas Externas de las Cordilleras Béticas. Secrct. f'1tb!. U11i1•. Crm1úda, pp. 1-83, Granada.

Batjes D.A.J. (1958) - Foraminifcra of thc Oligoccnc of Belgium. fnst. R. Se. Nat. Belr;ic¡ue, l\lém., v. 143, pp. 1-188, 13 pi., Bruxelles. ·

Berggren W.A. & Aubert J. (1976) - Late Paleogene (Late Eocene and Oligocene) benthonic forarniniferal biostratigraphy and p;ileobathymctry of Rockall B;ink :rnd Hatton--­Rockall Basin. l\licropúlcont., v. 22, n. 3, pp. 307-326, 4 pl., New York.

Berggren W.A., Benson R.H., Hag B.U., Riedcl W.R., Sanfilippo A., Schrader H.J. &: Tjalsma W.R. (1976) - The El Cuervo section (Andalusia, Spain): micropalcontological anato­my of an early late Miocene lower bathyal deposit. Marine l\licrop,zleo11t. , v. L n. 3. PP- 195-247, 15 pi., 7 fig .. 10 tabl., Amsterdam.

Biolzi M., Bizon G., Borsetti A.M., Ca ti F., Radovisc A., Roegl F. &: Zachariasse J .W. ( 1981) - Planktonic foraminifera. Ciom. Ceo/. , v. 44, n. 1-2, pp. 167-172, Bologna.

Bizon G. &: Bizon J.J. (1972) - Atlas des principaux foraminifercs planctonigues du Bassin Méditerranéen (Oligocene :i Quaternaire). Tcchnip, 316 pp., 1 pi., Paris.

Blondeau A. ( 1972) - Les Nummulites. Vuibert éd., pp. l-1 72, 38 pi., Paris. Blow W.H. ( 1969) - Late Middle Eocene to Recent plan ktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy.

Pro c. 1 st Int. Conf Plankt. J\licrof, v. l, pp. 199-422, 54 pi., Ge neva. Bolli H.M. ( 1966) - Zonation of Cretaceous to Pliocene marine sediments based on plankto­

nic foraminifera. Bol. Inf Asoc. Vene.: . Ceo! .. 1\lin. Petral., v. 9, pp. 3-32, Caracas. Boltovskoy E. ( 1980) - Benthonic Foraminifera of the bathyal zone from Oligocene through

Quaternary. Rev. Esp. Micropaleont., v. 12, n. 2, pp. 283-304, 4 pl., Madrid. Borsetti A.M., Ca ti F., Mezzetti R., Savelli C. &: Toni G. ( 1983) - The influence of tectonics

on stratigraphy: A petrographic, geochronological and biostratigraphic approach on ear!y Neogene sediments from north-central ltaly. Newsl. Stratigr., v. 12, n. 1, pp. 54-67, 1 pi., 3 fig., 2 tab., Berlin, Stuttgart.

Brolsrna M.J. (1978) - Quantitative foraminiferal analysis and environmental of the Pliocene and topmost Miocene of the south coast of Sicily. Bull. Utrech t Alicropaleont., n. 18. pp. 1-143, 8 pi., Utrecht.

Butt A.A. (1966) - Late Oligocene Foraminifera from Escornebéou, SW France. Schotanus & Jens Ed., pp. 1-123, 8 pi., 15 fig., Utrecht.

Caflish L. & Schmidt di Friedberg P. (1967) - L'evoluzione paleogeografica della Sicilia e suc relazioni con la tettonica e la naftogenesi. Mem. Soc. Ceo/. !tal., v. 6, pp. 449-474 , Roma.

Casnedi R. & Mosna S. (1971) - Sulla presenza di strati ad Almaena ne! Miocene basale della zona di Mondovi. Ist. Lomb. Se. Lett., v. 105, pp. 500-509, 6 fig., Milano.

Catalano R., D'Argenio B. & Montanari L. ( 1982) - Schema litostratigrafico e strutturale dell'area iblea durante i1 Mesozoico. In Catalano R. & D'Argenio B. (1982) _ Schema geologico della Sicilia. Guida alla Geologia della Sicilia Occidentale. Soc. Ceo/. Jtal ., Cuide ;;col. re_¡;ion. - 1° Cent. Soc. Ceol. Ita/., pp. 9-11 O, Roma.

(1) Rcferences for ltalian and Spanish chapters.

Rcfcrcnccs 501

Ca ti f'., Steininger F. F., Borsetti A.M. & Ge la ti R. ( 1981) - In Search of the Palaeogene/Neo­gene Boundary Stratotype, Part 1: Potential Boundary Stratotype Sections in ltaly and Greece and a Comparison with Results from the Deep Sea. Giom . Ceo/., v. 44, n. l-2, pp. 1-210, 19 pi., 48 fig., Bologna.

Cicha !., Ctyroka J.&: Horvath M. (1975) - Die Foraminiferen des Egeriens in Chronostrari­graphic und Neostratotypen - Miozin OM Egerien. Slm•ak .. 4kcid. 11'iss. , pp. 233-25-1, 1 2 pi., Bratislava.

Cita M.B. (1959) - Stratigrafia micropaleontologica del Miocene siracusano. Bol!. Soc. Ceo/. Ita/. , v. 77, pp. 71 -165, Roma.

Colom G. (1945) - Estudio preliminar de las microfaunas de Foraminiferos de las margas eocenas y oligocenas de Navarra. Fst. gcol., n. 2, pp. 35-80, 7 pl., Madrid.

Com:is M.C. ( l 978) - Sobre la geologia de los montes orientales: Sedimentacion y evolución paleogeográfica desde el Jurásico al Mioceno inferior (Zona Subbética - Andalucia). Tesis Doctoral, U11iv. Pais r ".1sco, pp. 1-323.

Di Gr:rnde A. (1980) - 1 sedimenti e le vulcaniti dei dintorni di Sortino (Siracusa): una pro­posta litostratigrafica. Bol/. Soc. Ceo/. Ita/ ., v. 98. pp. 391-400, Roma.

Di Grande A. & Grasso M. (1977) - Lineamenti geologici del margine occidentale ibleo nei dintorni di Comiso-Ragusa (Sicilia). lfol/ . Soc. Ceo/. ltal., v. 96, pp. 209-224, 1 pi., Roma.

Di Grande A. & Romeo M. ( 1980) - Caratteri lito-biostratigrafici dci dcpositi messiniani nel­l'area iblea (Sicilia sud-orientale). Ri1•. /tal . Pale011t . Str<lt . , v. 86, n. 4, pp. 855-916. Milano.

Droogcr C.W. (1979) - Marine correlations of the Neogene mediterranean, deduced from thc evolution and distribution of largcr Foraminifera .. i>rn . Géol. Pays Hellén ., l'roc, 7tl1 hzt. Congr. Mcditcrr . Ncogene (4tlzcns 1979), n. 1, pp. 361-369, 1 tabl., Athencs.

Drooger C.W., Kaasschieter J.P.H. &: Key A.J. ( 1955) - The microfauna of the Aquitanian -Burdigalian of southwestern France. Vcrlwnd. Konink. Ncderl. ,-J.k<ld. Wetensch., v. 21, pp. 1-136, 20 pL Amsterdam.

Geel T. (1973) The Geology of the Betic of Málaga, the Subbetic and the zone between these two Units in the Velez Rubio area (SE Spain). Cld Papers Ceo/., v. 5, pp.1--179.

Ghisetti F. & Vezzani L. (1981) - The structural features of the Iblean plateau and of the mount Ju die a are a ( Sou th-Eastern Sicily): a microtec tonic con tribu tion to the defor­mational history of the Calabrian Are. Boll . Soc. Ceo/. !tal., v. 99 (1980), pp. 57-102, Roma.

Gonzalez-Donoso J.M. ( 1977-7 8) - Los materiales miocénicos de la Depresión de Granada. Cuad. Ceo/., v. 8-9, pp. 191-205, Granada.

Gonzalez-Donoso J.M. & Linares D. (1970) - Datos sobre los Foraminiferos del Tortonense de Alcala la Real (Jaen). Rev. Esp. Micropaleont., v. 2, n. 3, pp. 235-242, 2 pi., Madrid.

Gonzalez-Donoso J.M., Linares D. & Molina E. (1981) - Nuevos datos acerca de la edad de los materiales miocénicos transgresivos sobre las zonas Internas de la Cordilleras Béticas en la provincia de Málaga. Bol. R . Soc. Española Hist. Nat. (Geol.), v. 79, pp. 103-113, Madrid.

Gonzalez-Donoso J.M., Linares D., Molina E. & Rodriguez J. ( 1981) - Presencia de materia­

les de edad Burdigaliense y Langhense en la Depresión de Alcalá la Real (sector central de las Cordilleras Béticas 1. Bol. R. Soc. Espai1ola Hist. Nat . (Geol.), v. 79, pp. 115-1 24, Madrid.

Gonzalez-Donoso J.M., Linares D., Molina E. & Serrano F. (1982) - On the Palaeogene/

502

Neogene boundary: sorne reflections. Meeting of the Working Group on the P/N boundary. Spain. Estudio geol. (in press ).

Gonzalez - Donoso j.M. & Mol in a E. ( 1978 ) · El corte de Navazuelo (Cordilleras beticas. Pro­

vinciJ de Granada ). Posible hipoest rarotipo del limite Oligoceno/Mioceno. C 11 ad. C:col . . v. 8 - 9. pp. 225 - 240. 2 pi.. 5 fig .. Cr:inada.

Conzalez - Donoso J .M. & Molin:i E. ( 1979) - Corrcb tion of thc late Oligocene ;md carly Mioccnc in the Thcthys arca. Spain: central sector oí thc Be tic Cordilleras . . >lnn. Géo/. l'ay s fie/lé11 .. tome hors série. n. 1. pp. 329-332. Vllth lnternational Congrcss on Me­ditcrrancan Ncogcnc. Athenes.

Groupc fran\:iÍs dºEtude du Néogéne (1974 ) · Foraminifc rcs. In E[Ude biostratigraphique des ¡¡:i se mcncs d·Escornebéou (Aquitaine méridionalc. Fran cc) . /Jornm. / ,,¡{, . Géol. ¡:ac. Se. Lyon. n. 59. pp. 31 - 35. 1 7 pi.. 5 ta bl.. Lvon.

Cürnbd C.W. (1868) - Beitrcigc zur For:iminifcrcnLnina dcr Nordalpincn Eociingcbildc. b/1 . fo:. !!ay er .. lkad. 11·iss . . v. 2. pp. l - 147. 4 pi .. Mün che n.

Ha¡;n H. ( 1956 ) - Ceologische und pal:io nrologische Untcrsuchungen im TertiSr des Monte Brione und seiner Umgcbung (Ca rda scc. Nord - ltalicn ). f>alaco ntograpliic<1

0 v. 107.

pp. 1-21 O. 11 pi. , Stuttgart. Hofmann C. ( 196 7) - Untersuchungcn ;rn dcr C:ittung Bo lil'i11a ( For;iminifera) im Oligoziin

und Miozán der ostbaycrischen Mo bssc. Ceo/. lia1·arica, n. 57, pp. 121-204. 5 pi.. 1 9 fig .. Münchcn.

J en kin s D.G. & Murra y J .W. ( 1981 ) - Str:i tigraph ical Atla s of fossil Foraminifera. Brit. i\licro­palcm11. Soc. Se r., Ellis Horwood lim .. pp. 1 -31 O. 1 O pi. , Chichcster .

Jutson D.J. ( 1980 ) - Oligo - Miocenc benthonic Foraminife ra from Barran co Blanco. Provincc o f Almeria. SE Spain. Rct'. 1:-sp. 1\licropcilccmt .. v. 13, n. 3, pp. 365 - 378, 2 pi., Madrid.

Kaasschieter J.P.H. (1961) - Foraminifera of thc Eoccn e of Belgium. fnst. R. Se. J\'at. Belr;i­q11c, i\!ém .. v. 147, pp. 1-268, 26 pl.. Bruxellcs.

Kafka F.P. &: Kirkbride R.K. (1959) -Thc Ragusa oil field. Sicily. r· ft'or/d Pc tr. Congr. Proc. Ceo/ .. secc. l , pp. 233- 257, 11 fig. , New York.

Keller G. (1 981 ) - Origin a nd evolution of the genus G/ob(r;eri11oidcs in th e Early Miocenc of the nonhwestern Pacific, DSDP Site 292. i\licrop<lieo nt., v. 27, n. 3, pp. 293 - 304, New York.

Korccz - Laky l.&: Nagy-Gellai A. (1972 ) - Species of th e g~nus ..Jlmacna from the hunga­rian tercian' sediments . . -!et. Ce o l . . frad. Scicnt. Himg., v. 16, pp . 267-279, 2 pi. , Budapcst.

Le Calvez Y. (1970) -Contribution a l'é tude des Foraminiferes paléogenes du Bassin de Paris. Cah. Paléont., C.N.R.S. Ed.,pp. 1 - 314. 48 pl., Paris.

Marquez L. & U sera J. ( 1976) - Microbiostratigrafia de tres series del Paleogeno de la provin­cia de Alicante. Bo l. R. Soc. Espaiio la Hist. :\lat. (Geo l.), v. 74, pp. 97-135, 10 pi., 7 tabl. , Madrid.

Martini E. ( 1971 ) - Standard Tertiary :ind Quarernary Calcareous Nannoplankton Zonation. !'roe. 2>1d Plank. Con[. Roma 1970, v. 2, pp. 7 39 - 785, Roma.

Miller K.G. ( 1983) - Eocene-Oligocene paleoceanography of the Deep Bay of Biscay: ben­thic foraminiferal evidence. ,\larinc Micropaleunt .. v. 7, n. 5, pp. 403 - 440, 5 pi., 13 fig., Amsterdam.

Molina E. ( 1979) - Oligoceno-Miocen o inferior por medio de foraminifcros planctonicos en el sector central de las Cordilleras Bétios (España ). Tes is /Jocto ral, Pub/. Unit'. Granada y Zarago~a. v. l, pp. 1-342, Granada.

Murray J .W. ( 1973 ) - Distribution and ecology of livin g Foraminifera. Heinemann Edu c. Books, pp. 1-274 , 12 pi., London .

Referenccs 503

Orbigny A. d' (1·846) - Foraminiferes fossilcs du Bassin tertiai1-c de Viennc (Autriche). Cidc et comp. Ed., pp. 1-312. 21 pl., Paris.

Papp A. ( 1966 ) - Uphidium in the Miocene of the Vicnna Ba sin. Co111. Aledit. Neog. Stral .. /'roe . Jrd scssion Berne 1964, E.J. Brill, pp. 110-112, 1 pi. , 1 tabl., Leiden .

Parotto M. & Praturlon A. (1981) - Schema strutturale dcll'area mediterranca centrale e o­ricntalc. In "C.N.R.: Carta tettonica dell'ltalia-Roma".

Paucca E., Scandone P., Giunta G. & Liguori V. (1979)-Mcsozoic paleotcctonic evolution of thc Ragusa zone (south-eastern Sicily ). CeoloJ!iCa Ro niuna, v. 18. pp. 331-369, Roma.

Picri M. (1967 ) - Caratteristiche sedimentologiche del limite Cretacico-Terziario nell• zona di Monterosso Almo (Monti Iblei, Sicilia sud-orientale ). Rit'. lta/. l'alctmt . Strar.. v. 73,

n. 4, pp. 1259-1294, Milano. Poignant A. & Biolzi M. (1981) - Benthonic Foraminifera. ln Search of the Palaeogene­

Neogen e Boundary Stratotype, Part 1. Giorn. Ccol., v. 44, n. 1-2, PP· 104-109, 126-128, 132, 138, 148, 2 pi., 4 tabl. , Bologna.

Poignanc A. & Pujo! C. ( J 976 ) - Nouvellcs données micropaléontologiques (Foraminifercs plan cto niques et petitc s Foraminiferes benthiques) sur le stratotype de l 'Aquiunicn. Géubios . v. 9, n. 5, pp. 607-663, 16 pi., 5 fig., 3 tabl., Lyon.

Poignant A. & Pujol C. ( 1978) - Nouvellcs données micropaléontologiques (ForaminifCres plan cto niqucs et petite s Foraminiferes benthiques) sur le stratotype bordclais du Bur­dig:ilier1 . Géobius, v. 11, n . 5, pp. 655-712, 14 pi.. 10 fig .. Lyon.

Popescu G. (1975) - Erudes des ForaminifÚes du Miocene inférieuret moyen du Nord-Ouest de la Tra nsv lvanie. Atém. lnst. Géol., v. 23, pp. 1-121, l 06 pi., Bucarcst.

Popescu G. &: lv~ M. (1971) - Contribution a la connaissance de la microfaune oligocene des couch es de Valea Lapusului. Mém. lnst. Géol., v. 14, pp. 35 - 50, 12 pi., 2 fig., Bucarest.

Rigo M. & Barbieri F. (1959 ) - Stratigrafia pratica applicata in Sicilia. Boll. Serv. Ceo/. Italia.

v. 80, n. 2-3, 101 pp., Rom;i Rigo M. &: Cortcsini A. (1959) - Contributo alla conoscenza strutturaJe della Sic ilia sud­

orientale. Boll. Serv. Geol. Italia, v. 81, n. 2-3 , pp. 349-369, Roma. Riviere M., Bourgois J. & Feinberg H. (1980) - Evolution de la zone bétique au Mioce ne infé­

rieur: asynchronisme tectoniquc entre l'Est et l'Ouest (Cordilleres bétiques Espagne). CR .S .S . Soc. Céol. France , n. 1, pp. 21 - 24, Paris.

Rocco T. (19 59) - Gela in Sicily, an unusual oíl field. V J\io rld Petr. Cong r. !'roe . Geol.,

seer. l, pp. 207-232 , New York.

Rogl F., Cita M.B., Müller C. & Hochuli P. (1975) - Biochronology of conglomerar e bearing Molasse sediments near Como (ltaly). Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat., v. 81, n . 1 , pp. 57-88,

3 pi.. Milano. Soediono H. ( 1969) - Planktonic foraminifera from the Velez Rubio region, S.E. Spain. Ret•.

J:sp . ,\/icrop,i/cont., v. 1, n. 3, pp. 335- 353, Madrid. Soediono H. ( 1 971 ) - Geological investigation in the Ch irivel are a, province of Almeria, SE

Spain . Tesis Univ . Amsterdam, pp. 1-143, Amsterdam. Steininger F. f. ( 1982) - The Palaeogene- Neogene (Oligocene-Miocene) Boundary. Odin

G.S. (Ed.) - Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy, pp. 652 - 658, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sztrakos K. ( 1979) - Stratigraphie et Foraminiferes de l'Oligocene du Nord-Est de la Hon­grie. Cal1.1'/icropaléont., C.N.R.S., n. 3, pp. 1 - 95, 35 pi. , Paris.

Vera TA. ( 1982) - El Cretacico de la Cordillera Bética. Introduccion. In El Cretácico de E-

spana , pp. 515-526, Ed. Univ. Complutense, Madrid . . Wright R. (l 978) - Neogene benthic Foraminifera from DSDP Leg 42 A, Medtterranean Sea.

504 Palaeogc·11c /N<'o¡¿ene Boundary

/11itial Rcpt. Dccp Sea Dril/. l'roj., v. 42. n. l. U.S. Govcrn. Print., pp. 709-718, 8 pi.. Washington.

Wright R. (1978) - Neogenc paleobathymetry of the mediterranean based on benthic Fora­minifera from DSDP Leg 42 A. Jnitial Rept. Deep Sea Dril/. /'ruj,, v. 42, n. 1, pp. 837 - 846, Washington.

Fig. 1.2

Fig. 3,4

Fig. 5,6

Fig. 7,8

Fig. 9 ,10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

PLATE 34

Nannoplankton from Case Cocuzza and Costa deli 'Angelo scctions.

Hclicosphacra a1nplia¡Jert.i Bra111lcttc & Wilcoxon. Sarnplc CA25.

Splienolithus lieteronwrplws Deflandre. Sarnple CA25. 3) Long axis at 0° to crossed nicols; 4) long axis a t 45° to crosscd nicols.

Helicosphaera carteri (Wallich ) Karnptncr. Samplc CC26.

Discoaster sp. cf. dru¡utii Bramlctte & Wilcoxon. S:unple CC25.

Helicosphaera recta (Haq ) Martini. Sarnple CC4.

Cyclicarg,olithus abisectus (Muellcr ) Bukry. Sample CA 13.

Dictyococcites bisec ta (Hay, Moher & Wade) Bukry & Percival. Sample CA_l.

Fig. 13,14 - Zygrhablithus bijugatus Def!andre. 13) Frorn Costa dell'Angclo ,cction . '·"" ple CA13; 14) frorn Case Cocuzza section, sample CC4.

Fig. 15-17 - Sphenolitlws ciperoensis Bramlette & Wilcoxon. 15) and 16 ) from Costa Jcl­l'Angelo section, sample CA3: 15) long axis at Oº to crossed nicols; 16) long axis at 45° to crossed nicols: 17) from Case Cocuzza section, sample CC4: long axis at 45° to crossed nicols.

"1. Hioloi et al.

H.ampliaperta S.heteromorphus

;

H. r ecta C.abisectus 0.bisecta

Z.bijugatus S.ciperoensis

506

Fig.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7,8

Fig. 9,10

Fig. 11-13

Fig. 14

].W. Zachariasse et al.

PLATE 35

Planktonic foraminifera from Case Cocuzza section.

Globigerina woodi woodiJenkins. Sample CC26; x 125.

Globigerinoides quadrilobatus triloba (Reuss). Sample CC27; x 125.

Globoquadrina delziscens (Chapman, Parr &: Collins). Sample CC27; x 125.

Globigerina angulisuturalis Bolli. Sample CC23; x 125.

Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan. Sample CC26; x 125.

Globigerinitaglutinata (Egger). Sample CC26; x 125.

Globigerinoides altiaperturus Bolli. Sample CC26; x 125.

Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius Blow & Banner. Sample CC12; x 75."

Globorotalia kugleri Bolli. Sample CC25; x 125.

Neogloboquadrina acrostoma (Wezel). Sample CC27; x 125.

Riv. Ir. Pal.. v. 89 - Tav. 3~

508 ].1\'. Zaclrariasse et al.

PLATE 36

Planktonic foraminifera from Costa dell'Angelo section.

Fig. 1 .4 Glob\¡;cri11a anguli.rn tura/is Bolli. Sample CA9; x 125.

Fig. 2 Cass\¡;erinclla cl1ipolcnsis (Cushman & Ponton). Sample CA 15: x 250,

Fig. 3 Globoquadrina dl'i1isccns (Chapman, Parr & Collinsl. Samplc CA25: x 125.

Fig. 5 Globigerinoidcs qrwdrilobatus triloba (Reuss). Sa111plc CA27: ' 1 25.

Fig. 6 Globigcrina woodi woodi J enkins. Sample CA27; x 1 25.

Fig. 7,8 Globorotalia praescitula Blow. Sample CA25: x 1 25.

Fig. 9,10 - Globigerinoidcs quadrilob,1t11s pri111ordi11s Blow & Banncr. Sample CA16; X 75.

Fig. 11-13 Nco¡;loboqrradrina acrostoma (Wezcl\. Samplc CA25: x 125.

Fig. í4 - Globi¡;erinoides sicanus De Stefani. Sample CA27; x 125.

Riv. lt. Pal.. v. 89 ·- T<iv. 36

SlO

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. S,8

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

A. l'oignant

PLATE 37

Benthonic foraminifera from Case Cocuzza and Costa dell 'Angelo sections.

- Marginulinopsis fragaria (Guembel). Sample CCl 5; x SO.

Vaginulina cf. aculeata (Cushman & Gray). Sample CClS; x SO.

Bolivina rcticulata Hantken. CA21; x 110.

Bolivina hebes Macfadyen. Sample CC2S; x l SO.

Bolivina koessenensis Lindenberg. Sample CClS; S) x 100; 8 ) enlargement of the younger part x 300.

Bolivina budensis (Hantken). Sample CAl 9; x 1 SO.

Bolit>ina miocenica (Gianotti). Sample CA27; x 160. 4 ·

Rectobolivina costifera (Cushman). Sample CA13; x 9S.

Virgulopsis pupoides (Nyiro). Sample CA14; x 210.

Bulimina alsatica Cushman & Parker. Sample CA13; x 160.

Uvigerina beal/i Cushman & Bermudez. Sample CC27; x 6S.

Riv. lt. Pal.. v. 8 9 - Tav . 37

512

Fig.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

.1. Poivzant

PLATE 38

Benthonic foraminifera from Case Cocuzza and Costa dell' Angel o sections.

Ut>zgerina eocaena Guembel mexicana Nuttal group. Sample CCl 5; x 125.

Uvigcrina gallowayi Cushman group. Sample CC16; x 120.

Uv(¡;erina cf. longistriata Perconig. Sample CA 16; x 11 O.

Rcctzn'igcrina cf. ele;;ans (Hantken). Sample CC21; x 100.

Uvigcrina hantkeni Cushman & Edwards nuttalli Cushamn & Edwards group. Sample CCl 5; x 1 OO.

Uvigcrina flinti Cushman. Sample CC27; x 11 O.

Trifarina angulosa (Williamson). Sample CC15; x 175.

Siphouvigerina multicostata (Bergquist). Sample CA13; x 130.

Trifarina tubulifera (Kaasschieter). Sample CA13; x 115.

Hopkinsinagracilis (Reuss). Sample CC22; x 100.

Planulina costata (Hantken). Sample CC15; x 95.

Victoriella aquitanica Debourle & Delmas. Sample CC23; x 30.

IZiv. Ir. P:il.. 1·. 89 Tav. 38

514

Fig. 1

Fig 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5,6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8,9

A. Poignant

PLATE 39

Benthonic foraminifera from Case Cocuzza and Costa dell'Angelo sections.

Elpliidium crispum (Linné). Sample CC27; x 65.

Elpl-iidium fichtelianum praefom1e Papp. Sample CA25: x 125.

Elpliidiuni ortenburge11se (Eggcr) . Samplc CA16: x 150.

.llnomalinagranosa (Hantken). Sample CClS; x SO.

Heterolepa costata Franzenau. Sample CCl 5; x 65.

Osangularia pteromplialia (Guembel). Sample CCl 5: x 1 OO.

Almaena sp. Both sides. Sample CClS; x 120.

~· R.iv. Ir. Pal.. v. 89 - Tav. 39