in 1095, pope urban ii called for the crusades why? 1) recapture the holy land from the seljuk turks
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In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the Crusades
Why?
1) Recapture the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks
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2) Assist their Christian brothers in the Byzantine Empire who were under attack
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3) Get the Feudal Lords of Europe to stop fighting each other and unite against a common enemy.
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The First Crusade 1096-1099 C.E.•Actually conquered the Holy Land
There were 4 main Crusades
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Edessa fell to Muslim Rule
Christians failed to re-take it
2nd Crusade
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3rd Crusade
Saladin
Saladin had taken Jerusalem
Richard tried to take it back, failed
Richard the LionheartVS.
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Philip II of France
Fredrick Barbarossa
HRE
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4th CrusadeThe Sack of Constantinople
Attempt to re-take Jerusalem
Became involved in Constantinople instead, ended up sacking the (Christian) city
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After the 4th…
Crusades continued, on a smaller scale
None had major impact
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Effects of the crusades:The Rise of Trade
New goods and info are brought back: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc…
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Greek and Roman texts are brought back - - - will be backbone of university system in Europe
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Church Authority will be challenged (because their maps were wrong)
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Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe
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The rise of cities
Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed as trade centers
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Effects of the crusades:
1) New goods/items and info are brought back from the middle east: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc.
2) Greek and Roman Manuscripts are brought back which serve as the backbone of what will become a university system in W. Europe
3) Church Authority will be challenged because their maps were wrong
4) 4) Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe
5) The rise of cities
Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed around trading centers.