Impulsive currents, application in physiotherapy

Prof. Mysula I.R.

Types of impulsive current

The Leduc’s Current - is one of the impulses of rectangular form

Frequency of impulses is 1-130 Hz, duration of every impulse is 0,2-2 ms

Activation the depression processes in a brain cortex cause the state similar to physiological sleep - electro-sleep

Types of impulsive current

Tetanic current is one of the impulses of triangular form (with a sharp top)

Frequency of impulses is 100 Hz, duration of every impulse is 1-1,5 ms

Causes the muscles contraction. It is applied for muscle exercises in the case of muscle strength decrease.

Types of impulsive current

The Lapec’s Current is one of the impulses of exponential form

Frequency of impulses is 8 -100 Hz, duration of every impulse is 2 - 60 ms

It is applied for the electro-gymnastics of muscles, frequency and duration of impulses used depends on the degree of muscles damage.

Effects in tissues depending Effects in tissues depending on current’s frequencyon current’s frequency

1-10 Hz - stimulation of sympatic nerves 21-100 Hz - stimulation of parasympatic

nerves

30 Hz - stimulation of the smooth muscles

80-150 Hz - stimulation of the strips muscles, decrease of pain

100 Hz - blocks conducting of impulses in sympatic nerves

Advantages of impulsive currents application

slow development of tissues adaptation to action of physical factor

specific action, that differs one factor from another

intensive therapeutic action with the minimum loading on an organism

Basic effects in tissuesBasic effects in tissues

Electro-stimulatory Anaesthetic Improvement of electric current

conductivity in tissues Trophic Plastic Increase the functional activity of CNS Secretory

Electro-stimulatory effectElectro-stimulatory effect

Nerve-muscle synaps is cholinergic

The production of acetylcholine is activated at current frequency 21-100 Hz with an optimum 50 Hz

Contraction of myofibrils in this diapason of current frequency

AnaestheticAnaestheticTheory of pain gate Melzack, Wall

SG T

+

M

Thin myelinic fibres

Thick myelinic fibres

+

-

Improvement of electric current Improvement of electric current conductivity in tissues conductivity in tissues

H2OH+

+OH-

- +KCl K++Cl-

NaCl Na++Cl-

MgSO4 Mg+++SO4--

CaCO3 Ca+++CO3-2

H2OH+

+OH-

Cathode Anode

Cathode Anode

K+K+ Na+Na+

K+Na+ Ca++Mg++

K++OH- KOHNa++OH- NaOH

H++Cl- HClH++SO4

-2 H2SO4

H++CO3-2 H2CO3

Improvement of electric current Improvement of electric current conductivity in tissues conductivity in tissues

Time of polarization depending on the level of structure organization:

for electronic polarization - 10-16 - 10-14 s for ionic polarization - 10-14 - 10-12 s for dipol polarization - 10-13 - 10-7 s for macrostructural polarization - 10-8 - 10-3 s for superficial polarization - 10-3 – 1s

TrophicTrophic

Increase of blood stream in tissues

Metabolism activation

Improvement of trophic

PlasticPlastic

Activation of albumin synthesis used for synthetic processes

Increase CNS functional activityIncrease CNS functional activity

Receptors of muscles and skin are activating

Impulses from them by ascending ways are transmitted to the CNS

SecretorySecretory

Direct stimulation of endocrine glands

Stimulation through CNS

Indications for using of Indications for using of impulsive currentsimpulsive currents

Antiinflamable and anaesthetic action

Paresises, paralyses. Pain syndromes of different genesis І-ІІ stage of arterial hypertension Diseases of the urogenital system. Diseases of digestion organs Diseases of the respiratory system. Arthrosis, rheumatic diseases of joints, periarthritic. Vein stagnation. Functional impotence.

Contra-indication for using of Contra-indication for using of impulsive currentsimpulsive currents

1. General2. Acute inflammatory processes3. A few days after fractures of bones,

haematomas4. Сholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis (with

the exception the localisation of concrements in the distal part)

5. Eye diseases6. Unbearable of current

Basic methods of impulsive Basic methods of impulsive currents treatmentcurrents treatment

1. Electrodiagnostic, electro-stimulation of muscles.

2. Electro-sleep.

3. Diadynamotherapy.

4. Amplipulstherapy.

5. Interferenstherapy.

6. Fluctuorization.

Electrodiagnostics

This method can define the functional state of muscles and nerves after the reaction on the dosed influence of electric current

Electrodiagnostics

Task - to detect the nerve regeneration (presence of complete or partial nerve damage).

At the partial of nerve damage muscle stimulation will be conducted through a nerve, at complete damage - directly through a muscle.

Electrodiagnostics

Apparate for electrodiagnostics

Button electrode

Electrodiagnostics

Placing of motive points ( from Erba tables )

Electrostimulation

Applications of impulsive electric current in order to stimulate organs or systems activity.

It is administered only after 4 weeks from disease beginning (in absence of inflammation)

Electrostimulation of facial muscles

Film “Electrostimulation”

Electrostimulation

Indications paresises, paralyses

muscular atrophy (after immobilization)

atony of intestine, uterus, urinary bladder

Electrostimulation

Contra-indication General

spastic conditions of skeletal muscules and internal organs

hysteria

Electrosleep

Neurotropic unpharmacological influence on CNS by the direct impulsive current of low frequency and small force

The form of impulses is rectangular Frequency is 10-150 Hz Duration of impulse is 0,2-2 mc Strength of current is up to 10 mA

Electrosleep

Electrode fixation for electrosleep

a - middle cuffb – eye electrodec – electrode on mastoideus

Electrosleep

It is possible to apply at the degenerative and functional brain changes

At degenerative 5-20 Hz

At functional changes current frequency is 60-120 Hz

Electrosleep

Indications neuroses, neuralgias, encephalitis,

consequences of cranial-cerebral trauma, especially with sleeping disorders

І-ІІ stage of arterial hypertension ischemic heart disease hypothyreosis diabetus mellitus phantomic pain tumor afer radical operations

Electrosleep

Contra-indication general unbearabless of rectangular current hysteria damages of skin in the place of

electrodes imposition presence of metallic objects in a brain eye diseases

Diadynamotherapy

Method of electrotherapy at which direct impulsive currents with frequency 50 Hz, 100 Hz (or its combinations) influence on the human body.

Diadynamotherapy

50 Hz - stimulatory action.

100 Hz - anaesthetic actions, increase of tisues conductivity.

Diadynamotherapy

Film “Diadynamotherapy”

Diadynamotherapy

Indications inflammatory processes in muscles, joints,

ligaments, nerves atony of intestine decrease of muscles strenth vascular diseases (the Reyno syndrome,

migraine, and others like that) pain syndromes (with the exception of that

included in contra-indications)

Diadynamotherapy

Contra-indication general specific for galvanization individual unbearablessnes of current presence of purulent infection fractures of bones dislocations hemorrhage tromboflebitis urolithiasis and cholelithiasis

Amplipulstherapy

Using of sinusoidal alternative modulated current with small force in the impulsive mode for the medical purpose

Frequency - 5000 Hz It is modulated by the current of low

frequency in range from 10 to 150 Hz

Amplipulstherapy

Advantages good bearablesness by patients

absence of skin irritation in the influenced zone

deep penetration in tissues

Amplipulstherapy

Unstraightened current modes Straightened current modes

Amplipulstherapy

An stimulatory effect can be increase:

by decrease of modulation frequency to 10 Hz

by increase of pauses duration to 6 s

by increase of modulation depth to 100 %

by application of the straightened current

Film “Amplipulstherapy”

Fluctuorization

Method of electrotherapy with using of sinusoid alternating current of small force and small tension, which is helter-skelter changing after amplitude and frequency within the limits of 100-2000 Hz

Fluctuorization

Fluctuorization

Indication parodonthosis, alveolitis

inflammatory diseases of cranial nerves

diseases of muscle-bone apparatus

Fluctuorization

Contra- indication:

the same as for diadynamotherapy

Interferenstherapy

Using with the medical purpose of interference currents, forming appear in tissues after imposition of two alternating currents with the same amplitude, but with different frequencies

Interferenstherapy