improving plant quality in annuals and perennials with concise

Improving Plant Quality inAnnuals and Perennials with concise™

Excellence in PGR technology

Contents

4-13 Concise Use Considerations14-25 Photo Guide of Growth Regulation with concise26-33 Recommended Rates for concise Use with Floricultural Crops in Greenhouses34-41 Growth control of herbaceous perennials with uniconazole42 PGR Application Record

Edited by Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech and Dr. Brian Whipker, North Carolina State University.

Concise“ is an effective growth regulator for use ona broad variety of annual and perennial crops; frombedding and potted plants to woody ornamentalsto bulb crops. Concise contains the activeingredient uniconazole-p, a triazole plant growthregulator that inhibits the production of gibberellins,the primary plant hormones responsible for cellelongation. Concise reduces plant height by limitinginternode elongation, producing more desirable,compact and marketable plants. Concise has beenshown to increase the quality of plants even in theabsence of noticeable growth reduction. Thesedesirable qualities include darker colors, higherchlorophyll content, greater leaf thickness, strongerstems, increased water retention and, at times,increased flower number and size.

This guide provides information on concise fromstudies conducted by Dr. Joyce Latimer at VirginiaTech and Dr. Brian Whipker at North Carolina StateUniversity. Its main purpose is to provide growerswith general guidelines on use rates for a broadrange of crops. Keep in mind however, that themultitude of variations possible in applicationmethods, cultivar and species grown, and ingrowing conditions make it impossible torecommend specific rates for all operations.Determining the correct rate of concise starts withreferring to the label for the recommended rate forthe plant you wish to treat and conducting your own trials.

Plant growth regulators (PGRÕs) are valuable productiontools that can be used to enhance the quality andmarketability of many ornamental crops. PGRÕs arechemicals that are designed to affect plant growthand/or development, and although there is muchscientific information available on using PGRÕs infloriculture, it is not an exact science. Achieving the bestresults with PGRÕs is a combination of art and science —science tempered with a lot of trial and error and a goodunderstanding of which PGR to use to produce thehighest quality crop.

4 CONCISE USE CONSIDERATIONS

Concise (uniconazole, Fine Americas, Inc.) is aplant growth regulator used in the greenhouse andnursery to regulate shoot growth of bedding plants,garden mums, poinsettias, herbaceous perennials,bulb crops, woody ornamentals, and othercontainerized crops. Concise reduces elongationof stem, petiole and flower stalk tissues. Lessereffects are seen in reductions of leaf expansion,resulting in thicker leaves with darker green color.Other benefits of using concise in plant productioninclude improved plant appearance by maintaining plant size and shape in proportionwith the pot. Concise also increases the stresstolerance of plants, which improves their toleranceto shipping and handling and retail marketing, e.g., improving shelf-life and extending plant marketability.

Optimizing Results For best results, PGRs should be handled asproduction tools, like water and fertilizer. Theyshould not be used as crutches for poormanagement of other cultural practices. PGRsshould be an integrated part of your cropproduction cycle. They are most effective whenapplied at the appropriate times to regulate plantgrowth or development. In other words, growthretardants cannot ÒshrinkÓ an overgrown plant.PGRs like concise must be applied before theplant is overgrown to reduce plant stretch.

Undesirable stretching due to high temperature orlow light conditions can be a production reality.Growers must be prepared to prevent excessivestem elongation. Concise is an excellent tool forchemical control of excessive plant growth. PGRscan be used in conjunction with a number of non-chemical control options to manipulate plantgrowth so well-proportioned, compact plants canbe produced.

Biological Control Selecting shorter growing cultivars is often the firststep available to growers for reducing theoccurrence of overgrown plants. While this workswell in theory, it may not be commercially practical.Many customers demand specific color or growthform characteristics and shorter growing cultivarswith these attributes may not be available.Therefore, physical or chemical control strategiesmust also be incorporated into a production plan.Be aware that cultivars of the same species mayrespond differently to concise applications. Morevigorous cultivars will require higher rates ofconcise for optimal height control than dwarf orslower growing cultivars.

Environmental and Cultural Control Knowing how the growing environment andcultural practices can affect plant growth will help inmanaging a cropÕs growth. There are a number of

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemicals that are designed to affect plantgrowth and/or development. They are applied for specific purposes to affectspecific plant responses. Although there is much scientific information on usingPGRs in the greenhouse, it is not an exact science. Achieving the best resultswith PGRs is a combination of art and science — science tempered with a lot oftrial and error and a good understanding of plant growth and development.

Concise Use ConsiderationsJoyce G. Latimer Extension Specialist, Greenhouse Crops, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA,andBrian E. Whipker Floriculture Research and Extension, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

CONCISE USE CONSIDERATIONS 5

factors that can be manipulated in the greenhouseor nursery to reduce plant growth: container size,timing of transplant or seeding, irrigation practices,nutrient management, mechanical conditioning,light quality and quantity, pinching, andtemperature. How these factors are manipulatedwill affect whether chemical control is necessary for optimum growth control and the amount ofPGR required.

Container Size. The use of root restriction can beused to control plant growth. This is done byutilizing a small container or by increasing thenumber of plants per pot. This method worksespecially well when other production parameterssuch as ample light, i.e., wide spacing, and propernutrition are provided. Plants grown in small pots atclose spacing will require more concise foradequate growth control than those receivingample light.

Timing. One of the most effective methods ofcontrolling excessive plant growth is by croptiming. The simple method of staggering the finishtime of a crop at 2 to 3 week intervals is veryeffective with many crops like bedding plants. Thisensures that a new supply of plants will always beavailable; thus avoiding the need to hold a cropwhich can become leggy.

Irrigation Practices. A traditional method ofcontrolling plant growth is to withhold water.Drought stress can be used on a number of crops,including impatiens and tomatoes. Allow the plantsto wilt slightly between irrigations, but do not allowthem to reach the permanent wilting point. Droughtstress will lead to shorter plants, but excessivestress or drought stress of sensitive crops mayhave the undesirable effects of reduced plantquality and delayed flowering. Drought stress alsomay cause premature bolting of some crops suchas ornamental cabbage and kale (cole crops).Growers who tend to Òrun their plants dryÓ will useless concise than growers who run their plants

ÒwetÓ. The method of irrigation can affect the plantresponse to concise. Plants grown on sub-irrigation trays or water collectors should betreated with lower rates of concise since theoverspray from the treatment will be available to theroots during subsequent irrigation events.

Nutrient Management. Reducing or withholdingfertilizer tends to slow overall plant growth. Limitingthe amount of nitrogen to 50 to 100 ppm N willhelp control growth of many crops such asbedding plants. The type of nitrogen supplied can also impact plant growth. Relying on nitrate-nitrogen instead of ammoniacal-nitrogen orurea-nitrogen forms (which encourage lush growth)will also help. Phosphorus also promotes plantgrowth. Plug producers commonly use lowphosphorus fertilizers like 13-2-13 Cal-Mag¤ or 15-0-15 which does not contain phosphorus tohelp limit stem elongation. As with ÒdryÓ plants,nutrient-deficient plants require less concise forgrowth control than lush plants.

Mechanical Conditioning. Brushing plants is avery effective way of controlling plant height (30% to 50% reductions) of many vegetabletransplants or herbs. This is especially important forthese crops since no chemical control measuresare available. Brushing involves the movement of aPVC pipe, wooden dowel rod, or burlap ÒbagsÓ


over the top third of the plant. Researchers at theUniversity of Georgia suggest that the plantsshould be brushed daily for about 40 strokes toobtain the greatest effect. The foliage should be dryto avoid damage to the leaves. This method is noteffective on plants such as cabbage or broccoliand should not be used if foliar diseases, or, inmany cases, flowers, are present. Evaluate thedegree of growth regulation provided by brushingbefore adding a PGR treatment like concise. Also,be aware that the effects of brushing on plantgrowth dissipate within three to four days after youcease applying the brushing treatment. So, youmay want to apply a low rate of concise to providecontinued growth control during the shipping,handling and retail phases.

Light Quality and Quantity. Higher light qualitytends to limit plant elongation, thus resulting inshorter plants. Low light quality caused by latespacing or crowding of the crop or too manyhanging baskets overhead can lead to leggy plantsand should be avoided. Photoperiod also can beused to control growth of many plants. Thispractice is widely used with pot chrysanthemumsby providing taller cultivars with only one week oflong days (LD) to limit vegetative growth whencompared to shorter cultivars which receive threeweeks of LD to promote growth. Light quantityalso affects plant growth. Higher light levelsimprove plant growth and quality. Spacing will oftendetermine the need for, and amount of, additionalchemical control necessary for optimum heightcontrol under high light levels.

Pinching. Pinching can be used to improve theshape of the plant and control excessive stretch.However, the labor costs of pinching and thesubsequent delay in plant development may notmake it an economically feasible option ofcontrolling plant growth.

Temperatures. Temperature manipulation can beused very effectively to control plant growth. Lowertemperatures reduce plant growth. Remember toaccount for the effects of lower temperatures onthe developmental processes of the plant, i.e.,lower temperatures may delay flowering so youmay need to adjust your crop schedules to hit yourmarket window. Lower rates of PGRs like conciseare required for plants grown under lowertemperatures. Conversely, higher temperaturesenhance plant growth and higher rates of conciseare necessary for adequate growth regulation.

Optimizing plant growth control requires anunderstanding of the effects of environmental andcultural conditions on plant growth. Experience and in-nursery trials will allow you to combine PGRs with anumber of non-chemical control options to manipulateplant growth to produce high quality, compact plants.

Concise for Height ControlConcise is a plant growth regulator used in thegreenhouse or nursery structures (lath or shadehouses) to regulate shoot growth of containerizedplants. Concise controls plant height by inhibitingthe production of gibberellins, the primary planthormones responsible for cell elongation.Therefore, concise primarily reduces elongation ofstem, petiole and flower stalk tissues. Lessereffects are seen in reductions of leaf expansion,resulting in thicker leaves with darker green color(greater chlorophyll content). Concise is labeled foruse on bedding plants, garden mums, poinsettias,bulb crops, herbaceous perennials, woodyornamentals, and other containerized crops.Concise improves plant appearance bymaintaining plant size and shape in proportion withthe pot. Concise also increases the stresstolerance of plants, which improves their toleranceto shipping and handling and retail marketing, e.g.,improving shelf-life and extending plantmarketability. Concise has been shown to improveplant quality and appearance without a noticeablereduction in plant height.

Remember growth retardants, including concise,do not reduce plant size. They control the plant’sgrowth rate. You must apply the growth retardantprior to the Òstretch.Ó Look for recommendationson the concise label for time of application. Theserecommendations will be given in terms of plantdevelopment or plant size as opposed toproduction time. For example, the concise labelsays that most bedding plant species should betreated when the new growth reaches two to fourinches in height. Generally, growth retarding PGRsshould be applied just prior to rapid shoot growthfollowing transplanting. This is generally one to twoweeks after transplanting a plug, after the roots areestablished and as the plant resumes activegrowth; on pinched plants, it is after the newshoots are visible and starting to elongate. This iswhere the art of plant growth regulation is mostimportant. You must learn how your crop growsand when to intervene to obtain the desired results.Remember to note details of crop development inyour records of PGR treatments. For example, dueto the weather conditions, next year you may needto treat at seven days after transplanting instead ofat the ten days after transplanting that you usedthis year. Gauge when rapid elongation will likelyoccur and treat to counter it.

Concise applications should be made whenplants are not under environmental stress, i.e., inthe morning or late in the afternoon. For refinementof your future concise applications, note in yourrecords the temperature, light and relative humidityconditions at the time of your application.

Concise is a very active PGR. Use care to beaccurate in measuring, mixing and applyingconcise. In addition, plant response to concise isvery rapid, with noticeable reductions in growthwithin five to seven days. If desired results are notevident in this timeframe, reapply concise orincrease the rate of application.

Many growers use multiple applications of growthretardants to better control plant growth. A singleapplication at a high rate early in the plantproduction cycle may be excessive if growingconditions are not as good as expected. An earlyapplication at a lower rate provides more flexibility,but the tradeoff is in the additional labor involvedwith a second application if it becomes necessary.Some growers improve crop uniformity by usingmultiple applications of lower rates to affect smallcorrections in plant growth. Be aware thatexcessive rates of concise can cause extremelypersistent growth reductions in the flat or pot, or



even in the landscape. It is always a good idea toevaluate the long-term effects of your treatmentsby growing some out for yourself and talking withyour customers. Learn the art of using PGRs forplant growth regulation.

READ THE LABELPlant growth regulators are classified as pesticides.Therefore, they are subject to all of the same USDArecordkeeping and Worker Protection Standard(WPS) rules as all of your other pesticides. Theiruse is governed by the manufacturerÕs label as withother pesticides. The label not only containsinformation on restrictions, but also muchinformation on how to use the product effectively.

¥ Is the chemical labeled for the crop you wish totreat? The concise label contains languageallowing applications to a broad range of similarcrops not specifically listed on the label, with theuser taking responsibility for determiningappropriate rates. This provides label permissionto use the compound on these crops withoutthe manufacturer accepting the responsibility forthe rate selection.

¥ Look for information on the effectiveness and onthe side effects (phytotoxicity) of the chemical onyour specific crop. Concise is considered to bea safe, long-term growth retardant with fewphytotoxicity problems. However, begonias areextremely sensitive to concise and the labelwarns to avoid treatment or overspray onto thiscrop. Some bedding plants, such as vinca, aresensitive to concise and the label warns you totreat these crops later and with lower rates thanrecommended for other bedding plants. Inaddition, the label warns you that concise is notlabeled for food crops and that you must avoidoverspray or drift on these crops.

¥ Notice any label warnings regarding the PGRÕseffect on plant flowering, e.g., higher rates ofconcise can delay flowering of some cultivars ofvegetative geraniums.

¥ The label also warns you that concise is notlabeled for application through an irrigationsystem and should not be used as a spray inareas where there is potential contamination ofground or surface water. In addition, do not re-use media from plants treated with conciseas it may persist in the media.

APPLICATION GUIDELINESSpray Applications. Concise is most effectivelytaken up by the stems and petioles. When makingspray applications, look at the physiologicaldevelopment of the plant to see that there issufficient development to make the treatmenteffective and to accomplish your goal. Generally,there should be sufficient stem tissue to absorbconcise. In general, earlier applications havegreater growth regulating effects than laterapplications. Multiple applications of the lowertreatment rates will often provide better growthcontrol and improve the final appearance of the crop.

Concise is absorbed primarily by stem tissue andthen translocated upwards in the plant. Therefore,consistent and complete coverage of the stems isnecessary for uniform effects. In other words, if thestem of one lateral receives an inadequate amountof spray, it will grow faster than the others, resultingin a poorly shaped plant, most noticeable in pottedcrops like poinsettia or chrysanthemum.

Concise is also very "soil active" which means itmay be adsorbed to particles in the media andbecome available to the plant through root uptake.Therefore, drenching is a very effective applicationmethod for concise in crops where it iseconomically feasible (see How to Apply Drenches below).

Because concise is a soil active PGR, the conciselabel provides a recommended application volumefor sprays or drenches. All foliar applications ofPGRs should be applied on an area basis, i.e.,uniformly spray the area where the plants arelocated with the recommended volume of solution.


Do NOT spray individual plants or spray to reach asubjective target like Òspray to glisteningÓ. Sinceevery applicator will have a slightly differentdefinition of these goals, there will be no way of recommending appropriate ratesor obtaining consistent results. For soil activePGRs, dosage equals the concentration of thesolution multiplied by the volume applied in thetreated area.

Therefore, to improve the consistency of theapplication and therefore, the predictability of thetreatment, the label-recommended sprayapplication rates are generally set at one gallonfinished spray per 200 sq.ft., a comfortable walkingpace for applicators with hand-held sprayers.However, the relationship between rate andvolume may be used to improve the consistency of your application technique. If you can obtainbetter consistency with a higher volumeapplication, simply reduce the rate toaccommodate this higher volume.

Recognizing that stem coverage is necessary forconcise, you may need to apply a higher thanrecommended volume to large or dense plants toobtain adequate coverage. Adjust the rate that youapply accordingly. This suggests the importance ofrecord-keeping (see below).

Spray Equipment. To assure proper sprayvolumes, your compressed air sprayer should beequipped with a pressure gauge and regulator andyou should consistently use the same nozzle for allPGR applications. Your sprayer should becalibrated by determining the output of thechemical with the selected nozzle at the selectedpressure within a specified time period. Using thisinformation, you can apply a known amount ofmaterial to a known area. Spray droplet size alsoaffects response with smaller droplet sizesproviding better coverage, but only up to a point.Mist or fog type applicators do NOT provideadequate volume for coverage of plant stems andhave not been effective when used with concise.

Applying Drenches. Drenches have severaladvantages over sprays. Drenches generally haveless effect on flower or bract size and tend toprovide longer lasting growth regulation thansprays. Drenches are easier to apply uniformly thansprays because the drench volume is easilymeasured, and when applied to moist media, it iseasy to obtain good distribution of the PGR in themedia. Usually plants watered the day before PGRtreatment will be uniformly moist. The resultinggrowth regulation is frequently more uniform thanwith a spray application. The concise labelspecifies the recommended volume for drenchapplications: 4 fl. oz. of drench solution is appliedto a six-inch pot, and that volume is adjusted up ordown with pot size to obtain a volume where about10% of the solution runs out the bottom of the potwhen the media is moist. Conduct trials withuntreated water to determine the necessaryvolume for pots of different sizes. Be aware that amedium high in pine bark may require a higher rateof concise than a peat-lite medium.

Remember that the amount of active ingredientapplied to plants using soil-active PGRs such asconcise is a product of the concentration (ppm) ofthe solution and the volume applied. Labelrecommendations for drench applications givesolution rates (in ppm) and volumerecommendations. In some cases drenchapplication recommendations are given in terms ofmilligrams of active ingredient (mg a.i.) per pot. Forconcise, the label provides mixing directions forppm solutions. You can use the NC StateUniversity ÒPGR CalculatorÓ (See Resourcesbelow) to obtain solution directions for drenchrecommendations using either the ppm or mg a.i. format.

Dosage Tips. The dose to apply to a crop isbased on two factors: 1. the solution concentrationand 2. volume of solution applied per area.

Foliar sprays require an even application to obtainconsistent results. To accomplish this, a dose isbased on:a. measuring out a known amount of chemicalb. adding it to a known volume of waterc. applying a spray to a known bench area. Most

foliar sprays are applied at the rate of 0.5 gallonper 100 square feet of bench area.

Drench applications are based on:a. measuring out a known amount of chemicalb. adding it to a known volume of waterc. applying a known volume of the drench to each

pot or plant. The volume of drench appliedincreases with the pot size as described above.

Other Methods of concise Application.Growers are using other methods of providing adrench-type application of soil-active PGRs, on amore economical scale. One is a media surfaceapplication spray. This spray application is made tothe surface of the media of filled flats or pots. Thetreatment is applied at normal to high sprayvolumes but since it is applied to the media surfaceit is activated by irrigation and is available to theplant in the root zone. Concise is labeled for thismethod of application. Rates (in ppm) are lower

than used for sprays, but higher than used fordrench applications.

A second method is called ÒsprenchesÓ which is ahigh volume spray where most of the solution isactually applied to and absorbed by the mediumproviding a drench effect. This provides some ofthe benefits of drenches at application costs moresimilar to those of spray applications. Rates arelower than those recommended for spray rates.These application methods use the relationshipbetween rate and volume to provide the desiredcontrol and preferred application methods. Again,you must develop techniques that fit yourproduction methods and your growthmanagement preferences.

A third method of economically applying conciseto plugs is by using a liner dip. To summarize theresearch in this area, liner dips are applied byimmersing the root ball of the plug into a solution ofthe PGR. This is accomplished by setting an entireplug tray into a pan of the solution. The plugsshould be turgid but the water status may vary inthe flat (edges drier than the center) withoutaffecting the uniformity of the response. Thesolution is rapidly taken up by the root ball, so theflats may be removed after 30 seconds, or remainin the solution up to 2 minutes without affecting theresponse. The plugs may be planted immediatelyor held on the bench for a few days beforetransplanting without reducing the PGReffectiveness. This allows you to delay using theplugs until after the restricted re-entry interval (REI)for the PGR has expired. Rates for this treatmentare still being determined but effective rates forherbaceous perennials have ranged from 0.5 to 2ppm concise. Optimal rates for vegetative annualsare also still being determined. Initial researchindicates that 0.2 to 0.8 ppm concise to beeffective. Concise is extremely active andextensive trialing should be conducted beforeusing it on bedding plant plugs. Err on the low sideof liner dip rates. Concise can be very persistent in


CONCISE DILUTION TABLEPPM ml/L ml/gal. fl. oz./gal.

1 2 8 0.262.5 5 19 0.63 6 23 0.85 10 38 1.310 20 76 2.615 30 114 3.820 40 151 5.125 50 189 6.430 60 227 7.735 70 265 9.040 80 303 10.245 90 341 11.550 100 379 12.775 150 568 19.2

the plant if excessive rates are used. Liner dips areideal for very vigorous plants where control isdesired very early in production. It provides abaseline level of control that may persistthroughout the production period, but additionaltreatments may be applied as necessary. Conciseliner dips have been effective on some crops likeornamental grasses that have not been responsivesprays or drenches. Disposal of the dip solutionremaining after the treatment has been raised asan issue. The best course of action is to use up allof the solution as liner dip treatments. The solutiondoes not get diluted or lose its effectiveness withcontinued use or reduced volume.

Beware of Bark. For all media applications, beaware that soil-active PGRs such as concise tendto be tied up by bark particles in the media whichmakes it less available to the plants. Therefore, ifyour media mix is high in bark you will need tocompensate for this unavailability by adjusting yourapplication rates up for any type of drench ormedia applications. Research results suggest an increase of up to 25% additional chemicalshould be used. Concise is extremely active and extensive trialing should be conducted to determine what rates are optimal for yourgrowing conditions.

Bulb Dips. Preplant bulb dips or soaks are aneffective method of treating bulbs. Recommendedrates are listed in Table 1 and should be used asguidelines. Vary the concentration of concise andthe soak length to obtain optimal results for thecultivars used. Disposal of the dip solutionremaining after the treatment has been raised asan issue. The solution does not get diluted or loseits effectiveness with continued use or reducedvolume. One course of action is to use theremaining solution as a drench when treatinganother crop.

Growing Conditions. Look also for labelrecommendations on time of day or condition ofthe plant for optimum treatment response.Generally, a healthy, unstressed plant growingunder low evaporative conditions, e.g., early in themorning or late in the afternoon, is most responsiveto treatment. Spraying in the morning or lateafternoon, when the treatment will not dry quickly,increases absorption of the active ingredients and,therefore, increases the effectiveness of thetreatment. To maximize uptake, the chemical mustremain in contact with the leaf long enough to beabsorbed. Plants treated with concise may beirrigated one hour after treatment. Read the labelfor any additional warnings on how irrigation orenvironmental conditions will affect plant responseto the concise treatment.

Treat All Recommendations as Starting Ratesfor Your Own TrialsThe multitude of variations possible, includingapplication methods, cultivar and species grown,and growing conditions, make it impossible torecommend specific rates for all operations. Table1 provides rate recommendations for the use ofPGRs on annual bedding plants and otherfloricultural crops and Table 2 for herbaceousperennials. These rates should be evaluated underyour own growing conditions. Use the lower ratesfor starting your own trials. There are a couple ofgeneral rules for using rate recommendations fromother sources:

1) Southern growers use higher rates and morefrequent applications than Northern growers.Rates for North Carolina and Virginia where themajority of the trials reported in Tables 1 and 2 wereconducted tend be closer to the Southern rates.

2) Outdoor applications usually require higher ratesor more frequent applications than for plants growninside the greenhouse.



RecordkeepingMaking notes on your application methods and theresults of your concise treatments will allow you toimprove the consistency of your own applicationmethods and establish rates and volumesappropriate your production system. Note theconcentration and the volume applied, the stage ofdevelopment of the crop (number of leaves,approximate height, presence of flowers), and theenvironmental conditions under which the concisewas applied.

How well do PGR treatments really work? The onlyway to confirm the efficacy of a PGR is to leave afew representative plants untreated. These ÒcheckplantsÓ offer a valuable insight into ways to adjustfuture PGR applications.

Conclusions and Rate Recommendations Plant growth regulators are valuable productiontools that can enhance product quality andmarketability while reducing labor for pinchingand/or pruning and plant maintenance. They mustbe used with proper attention to other culturalpractices, especially proper fertility and irrigationmanagement. Plant growth regulators cannotcorrect poor production practices. Concise is avery effective and potent growth retardant that isused effectively on a wide variety of greenhouseand nursery crops. Learn the art of growthmanagement by using the PGR tools inconjunction with good cultural practices.

Recommended ResourceFor a ready resource on preparing PGR solutions,download the North Carolina State University PlantGrowth Regulator Calculator from:

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/software/pgr.html

This Microsoft Excel spreadsheet allows you toenter your own PGR costs and calculate solutionsbased on the rate desired and the amount of areato be treated. The spreadsheet includes

information on both spray and drench applications.It not only gives you the amount of PGR to mix pergallon or liter of water, but also provides the cost ofthe application based on the area or number ofcontainers treated.

APPENDIX. HELPFUL CONVERSIONS.Volume1 gallon (gal) = 128 fluid ounces (fl oz)1 fl oz = 30 milliliters (ml)1 gal = 3785 ml = 3.785 liters1 cup = 48 teaspoons1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons1 fl oz = 2 tablespoons = 6 teaspoons

Concentration1% = 10,000 ppm1 ppm = 1 milligram (mg) per liter

14 PHOTO GUIDE OF GROWTH REGULATION WITH CONCISE

Foliar sprays of 0, 4, 6, or 8 ppm of concise were used to control growth of ‘Rocky Mountain Royal Red’ geraniums.

Photo: Dr. Brian Whipker, North Carolina State University.

Substrate drenches of concise at 0, 0.24, 0.32 and 0.4 mg of active ingredient per pot were applied to ‘Pink Pearl’ hyacinths.

Applications were made with 24 hours of removing the bulbs from the cooler. Photo: Dr. Brian Whipker, North Carolina State University.

Substrate drenches of concise at 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.24 mg of active ingredient per pot were applied to ‘Blenda’ tulips.

Applications were made with 24 hours of removing the bulbs from the cooler. Photo: Dr. Brian Whipker, North Carolina State University.

PHOTO GUIDE OF GROWTH REGULATION WITH CONCISE 15

Foliar sprays of 0, 20 ppm Sumagic and 20 ppm concise were compared on marigolds. A similar degree of control occurred with

both uniconazoles. Photo: James Gibson, University of Florida.

Foliar sprays of 0, 20 ppm Sumagic and 20 ppm concise were compared on petunias. A similar degree of control occurred with both

uniconazoles. Photo: James Gibson, University of Florida.


Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on Bacopa ‘Showers Bridal’ at 4 weeks after

application. Photo: Michigan State University.

Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on Calibrachoa ‘Callie Yellow’ at 4 weeks

after application. Photo: Michigan State University.


Foliar sprays of 0, 5 ppm Sumagic, 5 ppm concise, 15 ppm Sumagic and 15 ppm concise on Delphinium ‘Summer Blues’ at 4 weeks



Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on hybrid lily (Lilium ‘America’) at 4 weeks


Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on hybrid lily (Lilium ‘America’) at 6 weeks



Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on Nepeta ‘Walkers Low’ at 4 weeks after


Foliar sprays of 0, 2 ppm Sumagic, 2 ppm concise, 6 ppm Sumagic and 6 ppm concise on Verbena ‘Lanai Blue’ at 4 weeks after



A single foliar spray application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’

into quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at four weeks after treatment.

Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Treatments (left to right) are: 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 ppm foliar spray.

Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

A single medium drench application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’

into quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at four weeks after treatment.

Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Treatments (left to right): 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 ppm medium drench applied

at 2 oz per quart pot. Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

FOLIAR SPRAY VS. DRENCH APPLICATIONS


A single foliar spray application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii

‘Goldsturm’ into quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at six weeks after

treatment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Treatments (left to right): 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 ppm foliar spray.


A single medium drench application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii

‘Goldsturm’ into quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at six weeks after

treatment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Treatments (left to right): 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm medium

drench applied at 2 oz per quart pot. Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

FOLIAR SPRAY VS. DRENCH APPLICATIONS


A single foliar spray application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Caryopteris clandonensis ‘Dark Knight’

into quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at four weeks after treatment. Plants

were grown in the greenhouse during late Spring 2007. Treatments (left to right): 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 ppm foliar spray.


A single foliar spray application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Lavandula angustifolia ‘Silver Edge’ into

quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at six weeks after treatment. Plants were

grown in the greenhouse during late Spring 2007. Treatments (left to right): 0, 30, or 60 ppm foliar spray.


FOLIAR SPRAY APPLICATIONS


A single foliar spray application of concise applied two weeks after planting size 72 plugs of Lychnis ‘Vesuvius’ into quart pots filled

with Fafard 3B medium reduced final plant height and width as measured at six weeks after treatment. Plants were grown in the

greenhouse during late Spring 2007. Treatments (left to right): 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 ppm foliar spray.


FOLIAR SPRAY APPLICATIONS


A single liner dip application of concise was applied to Calamagrostis x acutifolia ‘Karl Foerster’ plugs in their original 3.5-inch pots.

“Dry” plugs were dipped into concise solutions for 2 min at rates (left to right): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 ppm. Plant height and width were

reduced by all liner dip rates as measured at six weeks after treatment. Plants were grown in their original pots in the greenhouse

during Spring 2006. Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

A single liner dip application of concise was applied to Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’ plugs in their original 3.5-inch pots. “Dry”

plugs were dipped into concise solutions for 2 min at rates (left to right): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 ppm. Plant height was reduced by all liner

dip rates as measured at eight weeks after treatment. Plants were grown in their original pots in the greenhouse during Spring 2006.


LINER DIPS


A single liner dip application of concise was applied to Phlox paniculata ‘David’ plugs the day before they were planted in quart pots

filled with Fafard 3B medium. “Dry” plugs were dipped into concise solutions for 2 min at rates (left to right): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 ppm.

Plant height and width were reduced by all liner dip rates above 1 ppm as measured at eight weeks after treatment.

Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

A single liner dip application of concise was applied to Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’ plugs the day before they were

planted in quart pots filled with Fafard 3B medium. “Dry” plugs were dipped into concise solutions for 2 min at rates (left to right):

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 ppm. Plant height and width were reduced by all liner dip rates as measured at six weeks after treatment.

Plants were grown in the greenhouse during Spring 2006. Photo: Dr. Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech.

LINER DIPS

RECOMMENDED RATES FOR CONCISE USE WITH FLORICULTURAL CROPS IN GREENHOUSES 27

This table lists labeled rates of concise for greenhouse crops aswell as recommendations based on research at North CarolinaState University and rates suggested by plant suppliers. Read theconcise label for a complete listing of precautions. The degree ofcontrol can vary depending on a number of factors, including planttype, cultivar, stage of development, fertilization program, growingtemperatures, and crop spacing. When using concise for the firsttime, it is good to test the rate on a few plants prior to spraying theentire crop. Keep accurate records and adjust rates for yourlocation. Apply ALL foliar sprays of plant growth regulators using0.5 gallons per 100 square feet of bench area.

Note: "NR" means the plants were not responsive to the rates tested. This ÒNRÓ rating istypically the result of a single research trial. With plant and environmental variability, this rating maynot mean that there will be no response under your conditions. However, it is an indication that higherrates or multiple applications may be necessary. Do not be afraid to test concise on these cropsunder your production system.

Recommended Rates for concise Use withFloricultural Crops in Greenhouses

Joyce G. Latimer, Extension Specialist, Greenhouse Crops, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0327

28 RECOMMENDED RATES FOR CONCISE USE WITH FLORICULTURAL CROPS IN GREENHOUSES

Crop Rate Precautions

Table 1. Recommended Rates for concise Use with Floricultural Crops in Greenhouses.

Plug culture and flat culture differ in recommended rates.The rates shown in this table include both plug (lower rates)and flat culture (higher rates) recommendations. There is aseparate recommendation for bedding plant plugs.

Based on NC State University trials.

Based on NC State University trials conducted duringlate spring. A slight phytotoxicity occurred with ratesgreater than 40 ppm, but damage was quickly hidden bynew leaf growth.

Apply as a uniform spray at a volume of 1.5 qts per 100square feet of bench area approximately 4 to 6 weeksafter the final pinch.Shorter Growing Cultivars (Gloria, Solitaire): use 10ppm. If a second application is required 2 to 3 weekslater, use 5 to 10 ppm. Taller Growing Cultivars (Prize): use 10 ppm. If a secondapplication is required 2 to 3 weeks later, use 10 to 15 ppm.

Conduct trials on a small number of plants, adjusting therate as needed for desired final plant height and durationof height control. Apply the plant growth regulator aselongation begins (plant height about 2 to 4 in.)

Plugs are especially sensitive to concise. Conduct trialson a small number of plants, adjusting the rate as neededfor desired final plant height and duration of height control.

Initially trial lower rate.

Conduct trials on a small number of plants, adjusting therate as needed for desired final plant height and durationof height control.

Drench volumes and mg a.i. vary with pot size.Applications should be made when newly emergedshoots are 1 to 2 in. tall.

Soak for 1 to 5 min. Conduct trials on a small number ofbulbs, adjusting the rate and soaking period as neededfor desired final plant height.

Use 1 to 2 mg a.i. of Piccolo for vigorous cultivars. Basedon NC State University trials.

Trial lower rate initially. Apply 2 weeks after transplanting.

20 to 30 ppm spray(5.12 to 7.7 fl oz/gal)




5 to 15 ppm spray (1.3 to 3.8 fl oz/gal)

1 to 50 ppm spray (0.26 to 12.7 fl oz/gal)0.1 to 2 ppm drench(0.03 to 0.51 fl oz/gal)

0.5 to 10 ppm spray(0.13 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)

1 to 5 ppm spray (0.26 to 1.28 fl oz/gal)



1 to 3 ppm drench(0.26 to 0.8 fl oz/gal)

1 to 10 ppm bulb soak(0.26 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)

<4 mg not effective


Ageratum

Alyssum

Angelonia

Argyranthemum

Azalea

Bedding Plants(not specifically listed inthis table)

Bedding Plant Plugs(not specifically listed inthis table)

Bidens

Bracteantha bracteata

Bulb Crops(not specifically listed inthis table)

Caladium

Calibrachoa


Crop Common Name Precautions and remarks

Apply when new growth is 2 inches tall. Based on NCState University trials. Cultivar response varies.

Apply when the lateral shoots are 1.5 to 2.0 in. tall (about 7to 14 days after pinching). Test for cultivar sensitivity.Multiple applications of the lower label rate may elicit a moresatisfactory response and or increasing the spray volumefrom 2 qts/100 square feet to 3 qts per 100 square feet. For Florida Only: use a foliar spray concentrationbetween 5 to 10 ppm (1.3 to 2.56 fl oz/gal). For mediumto tall cultivars increase the spray volume to 3 qts per100 square feet.

Apply as a dip treatment on unrooted cuttings followedby a foliar spray in the low rate range. On rootedcuttings, use a solution of 2.5 ppm or less, followed by afoliar spray in the low rate range.

Apply when the lateral shoots are 1.5 to 2.0 in. tall (about7 to 14 days after pinching). Test for cultivar sensitivity.Multiple applications of the lower label rate may elicit amore satisfactory response and or increasing the sprayvolume from 2 qts/100 square feet to 3 qts per 100square feet. For Florida Only: use a foliar spray concentrationbetween 5 to 10 ppm (1.3 to 2.56 fl oz/gal). For mediumto tall cultivars increase the spray volume to 3 qts per100 square feet.

Apply as a dip treatment on unrooted cuttings followedby a foliar spray in the low rate range. On rootedcuttings, use a solution of 2.5 ppm or less, followed by afoliar spray in the low rate range.

Scheduling the crop to avoid excessive stretch is a veryeffective means of controlling growth.

Apply when new growth is 2 inches tall. Based on NCState University trials.

1 to 2 mg a.i.(8.3 to 16.6 ppm)drench for a 6-in. pot (2.16 to4.32 fl oz/gal of drenchsolution, apply 4 fl oz/6-in. pot)


5 to 10 ppm dip treatment oncuttings (1.3 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)


5 to 10 ppm dip treatment oncuttings (1.3 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)






0.5 to 1 mg a.i. (4.17 to 8.3ppm) drench for a 6-in. pot(1.08 to 2.16 fl oz/gal of drenchsolution, apply 4 fl oz/6-in. pot)

Calla Lily

Celosia

Chrysanthemum,Garden

Chrysanthemum, Potted

Coleus, Seed

Coleus, Vegetative

Coneflower

Dahlia, Bedding Plant

Dahlia, Tuberous



30 ppm spray (7.7 fl oz/gal)


0.1 to 1 ppm drench(0.026 to 0.26 fl oz/gal)


0.5 to 2 ppm drench(0.13 to 0.52 fl oz/gal)


3 to 8 ppm spray (0.8 to 2 fl oz/gal)

2 to 4 ppm spray (0.5 to 1 fl oz/gal)

10 ppm spray (2.56 fl oz/gal)


0.24 to 0.4 mg a.i. (2 to 3.3 ppm)drench for a 6-in. pot (0.52 to0.86 fl oz/gal of drench solution,apply 4 fl oz/6-in. pot)

20 to 40 ppm bulb soak (5.12 to 10.2 fl oz/gal)




Dusty Miller

Flowering/Foliage Plants:Herbaceous species (not specifically listed inthis table)

Flowering/Foliage Plants:Woody species(not specifically listed inthis table)

Gaura

Geranium

Geranium, Seed

Hibiscus

Hollyhock

Hyacinth

Impatiens, Seed

Ipomea

Lantana


Drench volumes and mg a.i. vary with pot size.


Drench volumes and mg a.i. vary with pot size.

Use lower rates for less vigorous plants and higher ratesfor more vigorous growing plants. Flower delay on somecultivars can occur when using rates > 6 ppm.

Apply when plant height is approximately 4 in. tall.

Apply within 7 days after pruning. Make additionalapplications as necessary to obtain desired results.Florida Only: use a foliar spray concentration between 5 to 10 ppm (1.3 to 2.56 fl oz/gal) and apply a uniformspray volume of 3 qts per 100 square feet.

Conduct trials on a small number of bulbs, adjusting therate as needed for desired final plant height.Recommendations based on NC State University trials.

Bulbs soaked for 10 min. Conduct trials on a smallnumber of bulbs, adjusting the rate and/or soak time asneeded for desired final plant height. Recommendationsbased on NC State University trials.

Not needed if scheduling or pinching used. If needed,apply when plants have reached 75% of finished growth.Recommendations based on NC State University trials.




0.03 to 0.06 mg a.i.(0.23 to 0.5 ppm) drench for a6-in. pot (0.065 to 0.13 fl oz/galof drench solution, apply4 fl oz/6-in. pot)


1 to 3 ppm drench(0.26 to 0.8 fl oz/gal)1 to 10 ppm bulb soak(0.26 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)


1 to 10 ppm bulb soak(0.26 to 2.56 fl oz/gal)




<10 ppm not effective



Lily, Easter

Lily, Hybrid

Lily, Oriental

Marigold

Monarda

Nemesia

Narcissus

Ornamental Cabbageand Kale (non-food)

Ornamental Peppers(non-food)

Apply when shoots average 3 in. tall. It is best to makeonly one foliar application per crop.

Apply when shoots average 3 in. tall. Use lower rates oncultivars such as ÔNellie WhiteÕ and higher rates for ÔAceÕ.For Florida Only: use a solution concentration ofbetween 0.05 to 0.12 mg a.i. (0.4 to 1.0 ppm) drench for a 6-in. pot (0.11 to 0.26 fl oz/gal of drench solution,apply 4 fl oz/6-in. pot)

Conduct a trial to determine optimal rates for eachcultivar and adjust the rate as needed. Spray whenshoots average 3 in. tall. If a second application isneeded or a split application is made, it should beapplied when the shoots average 6 in. tall. Usually 2applications of foliar sprays at a lower rate are moreeffective than 1 application at a higher rate. Avoidapplications after visible bud stage.

Drench volume varies with pot size. Applications shouldbe made when newly emerged shoots are 1 to 2 in. tall.Treatment soak time should range from 1 to 5 minutes.Soak time will vary depending on bulb size, cultivar, andfinal desired height. Lower rates may require longer soaktimes (5 to 10 minutes) than higher rates (1 minute).

See concise label comments for Hybrid lilies.

See concise label comments for Hybrid lilies.

In NC State University trials, 5 ppm worked well onnemesia Vanilla Sachet.

Soak time of 10 min. used. These concentrations andsoak times were used for ÔDutch MasterÕ and ÔTete a TeteÕ.Conduct trials on a small number of bulbs, adjusting therate higher and/or longer soak time as needed for desiredfinal plant height. Recommendations based on NC StateUniversity trials. Piccolo at 400 ppm was effective incontrolling excessive post-harvest stretch.

Use higher rates for more vigorous cultivars.Recommendations based on North Carolina conditions.




8 ppm spray(2.08 fl oz/gal)

0.25 to 0.5 ppm drench(0.85 to 1.7 mg a.i.)





2 to 3 ppm drench for a6-in. pot (0.5 to 0.8 fl oz/galof drench solution




30 ppm spray(7.7 fl oz/gal)

0.125 ppm drench(0.011 mg a.i.)



Ornamental Vegetables(non-food)

Osteospermum

Pansy

Petunia, Seed

Petunia, Vegetative

Poinsettia

Poinsettia, Tree

Portulaca

Purple Coneflower

Salvia, Annual

Scaevola aemula

Shasta Daisy

Snapdragon, Seed

Use higher rates for more vigorous cultivars.Recommendations based on North Carolina conditions.

Recommendations based on European trials on a cultivarwith prostrate growth. Rates less than 24 ppm were noteffective in NC State University trials

Recommendations based on NC State University trials.

Apply when plants are 3 to 4 in. tall. Use higher rates forhigher temperatures and more vigorous cultivars. Lateapplications may delay flowering.

In NC State University trials, 20 ppm was optimal.

Apply when the lateral shoots are 1.5 to 2.5 in. tall (about 10 to 14 days after pinching). Test for cultivarsensitivity. Multiple applications of the lower label rate may elicit a more satisfactory response. To notapply after the initiation of short days. For Florida Only: use a foliar spray concentrationbetween 10 to 15 ppm (2.5 to 3.8 fl oz/gal) and do notapply after October 25.

For Use in Florida Only: Apply when the lateral shootsare 1.5 to 2.5 in. tall (about 10 to 14 days after pinching).Test for cultivar sensitivity. Do not apply after October 25.

Based on NC State University trials, 30 ppm worked well.Adjust rates to other locations: test on a few plants todetermine rate for optimal control.

Drench volumes vary with pot size. See label forrecommended volumes. Scaevola is very responsive toconcise drenches. Test on a few plants to determinerare for optimal control. Recommendations based on NC State University trials.




5 to 7.5 ppm spray(1.3 to 1.95 fl oz/gal)

0.16 to 0.4 mg a.i. (1.33 to 3.3 ppm)drench for a 6-in. pot (0.345 to 0.86fl oz/gal of drench solution, apply 4 fl oz/6-in. pot)

10 ppm bulb soak(2.56 fl oz/gal)





Snapdragon, Vegetative

Strobilanthes

Tulip

Verbena, Annual

Veronica

Vinca (Catharanthus)

Viola

Conduct trials on a small number of bulbs, adjusting therate as needed for desired final plant height.Recommendations based on NC State University trials.

Soak for 10 min. Conduct trials on a small number of bulbs,adjusting the rate as needed for desired final plant height.Recommendations based on NC State University trials.

Apply after plants reach a height of 4 inches.

GROWTH CONTROL OF HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS WITH UNICONAZOLE 35

This table summarizes suggested rates as the result of variousresearch trials using uniconazole on containerized, herbaceousperennial species/cultivars. These are suggested rates based onresearch results, not label recommendations. The tableincludes rates found effective in controlling plant growth in many ofour own research trials as well as in published articles. Rates oftenvary for cultivars in the same species, so they are listed by cultivar.Rates are listed as spray applications at the label-recommendedvolume of 0.5 gallon per 100 square feet unless otherwise stated.Foliar applications are tested more often than drenches,presumably due to the higher labor costs involved in applyingdrenches in large-scale production areas. Unless otherwise noted,the results listed are from Southern research trials. Northerngrowers will need to test much lower rates. The rates listed andprecautions/remarks are intended to provide starting rateinformation to allow you to establish your own PGR trials. Wheremultiple applications of a PGR are suggested, they are generallyapplied 10 to 14 days apart.

Note: "NR" means the plants were not responsive to the rates tested. This ÒNRÓ rating istypically the result of a single research trial. With plant and environmental variability, this rating maynot mean that there will be no response under your conditions. However, it is an indication that higherrates or multiple applications may be necessary. Do not be afraid to test concise on these cropsunder your production system.

Growth control of herbaceous perennials with uniconazole

Joyce G. Latimer, Extension Specialist, Greenhouse Crops, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0327

36 GROWTH CONTROL OF HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS WITH UNICONAZOLE

Table 2. Growth control of herbaceous perennials with uniconazole.

Botanical Name Cultivar

Common Name Spray Rate (ppm) xNumber of Applications

Precautions / Remarks

Plant width also reduced.

Persistent reductions in plant growthcontinue in the landscape.

Southern rates listed.


Very sensitive to uniconazole. Testrates less than 15 ppm. Note: PGRsare not labeled for use on edible herbs.Specify for ornamental use only.

Very sensitive to uniconazole. Testrates less than 15 ppm.

Southern rates.

Southern rates.

Southern rates.

Southern rates. Multiple applicationsmay be required.

Moderate width control; little effect onheight. Southern rates listed.


NR @ 60 x 1

15 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

Much less than 15

NR @ 90 x 1

NR @ 120 x 1

45 x 1

30 x 1

60 x 1

30 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

35 to 45 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

Yarrow

Yarrow

Yarrow

Yarrow

Yarrow

Yarrow

Anise Hyssop

Hollyhock

LadyÕs Mantle

Hybrid Columbine

SilvermoundArtemisia

Wormwood

Wormwood

Sapphire Aster

FrikartÕs Aster

FrikartÕs Aster

FrikartÕs Aster

Chinese Astilbe

Butterfly bush

Achillea Moonshine

Achillea Paprika

AchilleaCoronation Gold

Achillea Summer Pastels

Achillea millefoliumRed Beauty

Achillea millefoliumRed Beauty

Agastache x Blue Fortune

Alcea rosea Powder Puff Mix,ChaterÕs Double Mix

Alchemilla mollis

Aquilegia x hybridaMcKana Giants

Artemisia schmidtianaSilver Mound

Artemisia x Oriental Limelight

Artemisia x Powis Castle

Aster dumosaSapphire

Aster x frikartii Alpine Mix

Aster x frikartii Monarch

Aster x frikartii Monch

Astilbe chinensisPurpurkerze

Buddleia davidii Pink Delight





Excessive height reduction. Reduce rate or frequency.

Very sensitive to uniconazole. Testrates much lower than 15 ppm.

May delay flowering

May delay flowering

May delay flowering


Northern rates listed.

Very sensitive to uniconazole. Test rates below 1 ppm.


Multiple applications may berequired. Southern rates listed.

Multiple applications necessary.Southern rates listed.

Sensitive to uniconazole. Test rates less than 15 ppm.

Very sensitive to uniconazole. Test rates below 30 ppm

Multiple applications may berequired.

NR @ 60 x 1

Much less than 15 x 4


40 x 1 or 15 x 2

40 x 1

40 x 1 or

40 x 1

15 x 4

20 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

15 x 4

Much lower than 1 x 1

Less than 15 x 3

30 to 45 x 1

30 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

30 to 45 x 1


30 x 1

15 x 1

60 x 1

Butterfly bush

Carpathian Harebell

Feverfew

Tickseed

Tickseed

Tickseed

Pink coreopsis

Thread LeafCoreopsis


Thread Leaf Tickseed


Pampas Grass

Hybrid BeeDelphinium



Garden Mum

Foxglove

Purple Coneflower

Purple Coneflower

Wallflower

Hardy Ageratum

Buddleia davidii Royal Red

Campanula carpaticaBlue Chips

Chrysanthemumparthenium

Coreopsis grandifloraBaby Sun

Coreopsis grandifloraSunray

Coreopsis grandifloraSunray

Coreopsis rosea

Coreopsis verticillataMoonbeam

Coreopsis verticillataZagreb

Coreopsis verticillataGolden Gain

Coreopsis verticillataMoonbeam

Cortaderia selloana

Delphinium x elatumMagic Fountains

Delphinium x elatumAstolat

Delphinium x elatumAstolat

Dendranthemazawadskii Clara Curtis

Digitalis purpureaFoxy

Echinacea purpureaBravado

Echinacea purpureaRuby Star

Erysimum linifolium

Eupatoriumcoelestinum





Southern rates.

Southern rates. Very short term growthreduction. Test multiple applications.

Moderate control. May require multipleapplications.

May require multiple applications.

Plant width reduced.

Test rates below 15 ppm.

Multiple applications necessary.

Moderate width control. Southern rates listed.

Southern rates.

Southern rates. Multiple applicationsmay be necessary.

Moderate control.

60 x 1

30 x 1

30 x 1

60 x 1

60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

30 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

15 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

60 x 1

15 x 4

30 x 1

45 x 1

15 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

30 x 1

30 x 1

5 to 10 x 3

Hardy Ageratum

Queen of the Prairie

Blanket flower

Blanket flower

White gaura

White gaura

White gaura

False sunflower,Sunflower Heliopsis

Heliotrope

Rose Mallow

AaronÕs Beard, St.JohnÕs Wort

Red Hot Poker,Torchlily

Yellow archangel,golden dead nettle

Spotted Nettle

Spotted Nettle

Lantana

Common Lavender

Eupatoriumcoelestinum

Euphorbia hybridEfanthia

Euphorbia hybridaDespina

Filipendula rubraVenusta

Gaillardia x grandifloraBurgundy

Gaillardia x grandifloraGoblin

Gaura lindheimeriCorrieÕs Gold

Gaura lindheimeriSiskiyou Pink

Gaura lindheimeriWhirling Butterflies

Heliopsis helianthoidesSummer Sun

Heliotropiumarborescens Fragrant Blue

Hibiscus moscheutosDisco Belle Mixed

Hypericum calycinum

Kniphofia uvariaBressingham Comet

LamiastrumgaleobdolonHermannÕs Pride

Lamium maculatumBeacon Silver

Lamium maculatumPink Pewter

Lantana camaraConfetti

Lavandula angustifoliaMunstead Dwarf





Sensitive to uniconazole. Test ratesbelow 15 ppm.


Very sensitive to uniconazole. Test rates around 2 to 5 ppm.

Southern rates.

Southern rates. Multipleapplications may be required.

Southern rates. Growth reductionmoderate.

Southern rates. Growth reductionmoderate.

Excessive and persistent heightreduction at 15 ppm. Reduce rate.Southern rates listed.

Less than 15 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

30 x 1


15 x 2

Much less than 15 ppm x 1

15 x 1

15 to 30 x 1

30 - 45 x 1

30 x 1

15 x 2

45 x 1

45 x 1

30 to 45 x 1

less than 15 x 1

15 to 30 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

60 x 1

Shasta Daisy

Shasta Daisy

Spike Gayfeather

Cardinal flower

Hybrid Lobelia

Purple Loosestrife

Hollyhock Malva

Bee balm

Bee balm

Bee balm

Bee balm

Faassen Nepeta,Catmint

Showy EveningPrimrose

Oriental Poppy

Oriental Poppy

Smooth WhitePenstemon

Russian Sage

Garden Phlox

Garden Phlox

Leucanthemum xsuperbum Alaska

Leucanthemum xsuperbum Becky

Liatris spicataFloristan Violet

Lobelia cardinalis

Lobelia x speciosaCompliment Scarlet,Queen Victoria

Lythrum virgatumMorden Pink

Malva alcea

Monarda didymaJacob Cline

Monarda didyma Blue Stocking

Monarda didyma Mahogany

Monarda didyma MarshallÕs Delight

Nepeta x faassenii Six Hills Giant

Oenothera speciosa

Papaver orientalePrincess Victoria

Papaver orientaleRoyal Weddiing

Penstemon digitalisHuskers Red

Perovskia atriplicifolia

Phlox paniculataBlue Boy, Charles Curtis

Phlox paniculataDavid





Persistent reductions in plant growthin the landscape at 80 ppm.

Southern rates.

For ÔAlbaÕ: 25 x 1 as a drench waseffective.

No landscape persistence at 15 ppm.

No landscape persistence at 30 ppm.

Multiple applications may be required.



May require multiple applications.

Persistent reductions in plant growthcontinue in the landscape with 30 ppm.

Southern rates.

Southern rates.


Greater than 80 x 1

15 x 1

NR @ 15 x 7

30 x 1

30 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

30 x 1

Greater than 60 x 1

NR @ 20 x 1

20 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

45 x 1

15 to 30 x 1

45 x 1

Less than 30 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

NR @ 60 x 1

15 x 1

30 x 1

30 to 45 x 1

Garden Phlox

Thirft, Moss Pink,Creeping Phlox

Obedient Plant

Orange Coneflower,Black-eyed Susan

Three-lobedConeflower

Texas Sage

Velvet Sage; Mexican Sage

Hybrid Sage

Hybrid Sage

Pincushion Flower

Pincushion Flower

Pincushion Flower

Autumn Joy Sedum

Matrona Sedum

Golden Rod

StokeÕs Aster

StokeÕs Aster

Virginia spiderwort

Virginia spiderwort

South AmericanVerbena, Tall Verbena

Phlox paniculataJuliet

Phlox subulata Apple Blossom

Physostegia virginianaSummer Snow

Rudbeckia fulgida var.sullivantii Goldsturm

Rudbeckia triloba

Salvia greggii

Salvia leucantha

Salvia x sylvestrisBlue Queen

Salvia x sylvestrisMay Night

Scabiosa caucasicaButterfly Blue

Scabiosa caucasicaHouse Hybrids

Scabiosa columbariaPink Mist

Sedum x Autumn Joy

Sedum x Matrona

Solidago sphacelataGolden Fleece

Stokesia laevis Purple Parasols

Stokesia laevis Klaus Jelitto

Tradescantia virginianaBlue Stone

Tradescantia virginianaRed Cloud

Verbena bonariensis





Persistent reductions in plant growthcontinue in the landscape at 15 ppm.

Excessive width reduction. Test lowerrates, ~5 ppm. Southern rates.

Very sensitive to uniconazole.Persistent reductions in plant growthcontinue in the landscape at 15 ppm.

Less than 15 x 1

much less than 15 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

Less than 15 x 1

Alpine Speedwell

Creeping Speedwell

Spike Speedwell

Hybrid Speedwell

Veronica alpinaGoodness Grows

Veronica repensSunshine

Veronica spicata Red Fox

Veronica x Sunny Border Blue

42 PGR APPLICATION RECORDPG

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ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS BEFORE USE.

Concise™ is a trademark of Fine Agrochemicals, Ltd.

Sumagic® is a registered trademark of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.

FINE AMERICAS, INC.1850 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 405

Walnut Creek, CA94596888-474-3463/925-932-8800

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