improving efficiency of water systems: practical … · improving efficiency of water systems:...

Improving Efficiency of Water Systems: practical examples May 2012

Dr.ir. Slavco VelickovWater Industry Director EMEA

Agenda

1.Bentley at a Glance

2.Water Solutions Overview

3.Trends in the Water Industry

4.Practical Cases:1.Active Leakage Management

2.Lifecycle Asset Management

3.Energy Efficiency Improvement

5.Contact Information & Resources

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Bentley at a glance

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Revenues by RegionRevenues by Region

Solutions

Bridges

Oil and Gas

Electric and Gas Utilities

CommunicationsBuildings

Roads

Power Generation

FactoriesCampuses

Cadastre and Land Development

Metals and Mining

Water and Water and

WastewaterWastewater

Rail and Transit

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The World of Water

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Rural water systemsUrban water systems

Estuaries and coastal water systems

Water Industry Solutions

sisNET WWater (BentleyWWater)

sisNET WWater (BentleyWWater)

ExpertDesigner

ExpertDesigner

MicroStationMicroStation

GeoSpatial Server & AssetWiseGeoSpatial Server & AssetWise

Interoperability

Connectors

Interoperability

ConnectorsEnterprise

Connectors

Enterprise

Connectors

Web Publishing

Web Publishing

SpatialDocuments

SpatialDatabases

BusinessDocuments

ProprietaryGIS Databases

EnterpriseData Stores

Ancillary Filesw/ RDBWS

sisNET Water

(BentleyWater)

sisNET Water

(BentleyWater) GasAnalysisGasAnalysisHammerHammer StormCAD /

HEC-Pack

StormCAD / HEC-Pack

WebServices

Data FilesData Files

w/ Database Linkages

WaterGEMS/CAD

WaterGEMS/CAD

SewerGEMS / CAD

SewerGEMS / CAD

CivilStorm / PondPack

CivilStorm / PondPack

Industry FrameworkIndustry Framework Modeling FrameworkModeling Framework

AutoCADAutoCAD ArcGISArcGIS

SCADA &Loggers

Modelling products

Webclients

Webclients

GIS products

Water & Wastewater Industry Challenges

• Regulatory Compliance –Adequate Supply & Treatment capacity

–Protecting Water Quality

–Business performance

–Improving efficiency

• Reliability–Consistently achieving target levels of services

–Maintaining aging infrastructure

–Avoiding failure

• Budget–Reducing costs while improving services

–Asset investment planning for aging infrastructure

–Aging workforce

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The Evolution of Smart Water Networks

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The Smart Water Network - Integration

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SCADA system

Enterprise GIS

system

CRM, WO Call Centre

Hydraulic Models

Online model

Planning and Demand

forecasting

1) Leakage Reduction Case Studies by pressure management, hydraulic modelling, measured data and optimization techniques

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A Worldwide Problem: Controlling and Remediating Water Loss Is Complex

• It’s impossible to find and fix all leaks

• Partial implementation of a water loss plan is highly likely to fail

• Coordination between all components of a water loss program is required

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(Courtesy Dr. Thomas Walski)

“Many practitioners make common

mistakes- they may have the false impression that each time a leak is

repaired, physical loss is reduced by

the volume saved…”Vermersch and Rizzo

Source: IWA’s Water21 Magazine, April 2008

IWA = International Water Association

IWA Standard Water Balance

SystemSystem

InputInput

VolumeVolume

AuthorizedAuthorized

ConsumptionConsumption

RevenueRevenueWaterWater

NonNon

Revenue Revenue

WaterWater

BilledBilledAuthorizedAuthorized


UnbilledUnbilledAuthorizedAuthorized


ApparentApparentLossesLosses

RealRealLossesLosses

WaterWater

LossesLosses

Billed Metered ConsumptionBilled Metered Consumption

Unbilled Unmetered ConsumptionUnbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unauthorized ConsumptionUnauthorized Consumption

Customer Meter InaccuraciesCustomer Meter Inaccuracies

Leakage on Transmission &Leakage on Transmission &Distribution MainsDistribution Mains

Billed Unmetered ConsumptionBilled Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled Metered ConsumptionUnbilled Metered Consumption

Leakage on Service ConnectionsLeakage on Service Connectionsup to metering pointup to metering point

Leakage and Overflows at Leakage and Overflows at Reservoirs Reservoirs


Leakage Types

• Background leakage

– Small flow rates, run continuously but not economically recoverable

• Reported leaks and bursts

– High flow, reported by customers and get fixed quickly

• Unreported leaks and bursts

– Medium flow rates, longest duration and only located by active leakage detection


Strategy: A Long-term Approach with Immediate [short-term] Benefits

Implement IWA best / good practices

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Current AnnualReal Loss Volume

Economic Level Real Loss

UnavoidableReal Loss

Replacing pipes with least impact on

customers

Speed and Qualityof Repairs

Detecting and fixing leaksReplacing/installing meters (DMAs)

ActiveLeakage Control

Pressure

Management

Risk-based asset management for maximum return In

frastructure

Management

Source: The “4 Component” diagram promoted by IWA’s Water Losses Task Force

Current Practice1. Assessment

– water balance or water auditing based upon water infrastructures’ physical data and some statistics

2. Pressure Management– Divide the network in Pressure

Zones and DMAs

– Use hydraulic model for PRVs

– Install PRVs to manage MNF

3. Active Leakage Detection– Sounding for leaks

– Step-testing, smart balls

– Acoustic loggers (noise correlators)

– Smart balls

– Use hydraulic model and measured (Scada) data


Pressure Management (Case Study in Cyprus)


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Water Board of LemesosLemesos

� Established in 1951� Semi-government, non-profit organisation

� Area served : 100 km2

� Number of employees : 110

� Supply of potable water

� Population Served : 170 000� Annual water needs : 14 million m3

� Number of consumers : 78 000� Length of pipework : 850 km

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Pressure range:

� Between 20m and 40m

� Minimum of 15 m if conditions allowed

Pressure control achieved through:

� Pressure reducing valves

� Pressure regulating valves

Types of pressure control:

� Fixed outlet

� Two point control (Time or Flow)

� Flow / Time modulation

� Critical point control

Pressure Management Considerations

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� Reduce the flow rates (MNF) of all leaks � Reduce surges and excess pressures� Reduce burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs� Reduce some components of consumption� Effects of change can be hydraulically modelled and predicted

Pressure reducing valve(downstream pressure control, open/close capability )

Strainer(meter protection)District meter

(mechanical “Woltman” type)

Pressure sensor(downstream pressure monitoring)



Strainer(meter protection)

Strainer(meter protection)District meter

(mechanical “Woltman” type)District meter

(mechanical “Woltman” type)



Before pressure reduction

After pressure reduction

Reductionin MNF



Reductionin MNF

Reductionin MNF

Pressure Management Objectives

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DMA categoriesSmall : <1000 propertiesMedium : 1000 – 3000 propertiesLarge : 3000 – 5000 properties

Factors considered in DMAs (re)-design � Use Hydraulic Model (WaterCAD)� Minimum variation in ground level� Single entry point into the DMA� Well defined DMA boundaries� Area meters correctly sized and located� Continuous monitoring

DMAs - Pressure Management

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Possible pressure reduction of about 0,5 bar

DMA 232DMA 232

before pressure reduction

Pressure Reduction (1/3)

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DMA 232DMA 232

after pressure reduction

Reduction in AZP from 39 m to 32 m resulted in reduction in MNF from 5.2 m3/hr to 4.3 m3/hr


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Reductionin MNF


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DMA(Sector 2)

AZNP (m) Actual MNF(m³/hr)

Backgroundlosses(m³/hr)

Locatable losses(m³/hr)

before after before after before after before after

220 64 32 3,92 2,16 0,63 0,24 1,88 0,51

221 63 36 5,69 3,85 3,39 1,65 0,16 0,07

222 54 28 3,07 2,24 1,53 0,71 0,05 0,03

223 53 29 3,58 2,56 1,70 0,82 0,35 0,20

224 53 29 5,50 2,52 1,68 0,82 2,23 0,11

225 64 34 12,96 9,78 5,42 2,41 4,16 3,99

226 64 34 10,04 6,84 5,62 2,55 0,37 0,24

227 59 38 15,52 10,44 5,91 3,38 5,11 2,56

228 43 39 7,60 7,20 3,42 3,03 0,51 0,50

229 41 36 4,06 3,73 1,13 0,96 2,01 1,85

230 47 40 21,80 18,00 5,57 4,60 9,37 6,54

231 52 42 11,01 7,92 4,63 3,54 2,17 0,18

232 39 32 5,17 4,32 1,32 1,05 2,21 1,63

233 42 33 4,45 3,96 1,48 1,10 1,48 1,37

234 48 38 3,55 2,44 0,32 0,23 2,26 1,24

Total before 117,92 43,75 34,32

Total after 87,96 27,09 21,02

REDUCTION 30 m3/hr(Sector 2) (25%)

Annual water saving = 220 000 m 3

or € 170 000

Minimum Night Flow Summary Results

Leakage Detection using Models and Data


Mathematical Optimization Techniques

Search for:

Minimize:

Subject to:

Leakage Nodes:

Where: is the index for leakage node i in group n

is emitter coefficient at leakage node i in group n

is the set of junctions in demand group n

N is the number of demand groups

nL is the total number of leakage nodes

is number of leakage nodes in group n

is the max emitter coefficient for demand group n

nJ

nni KK max0 ≤≤)(XFr

∑=

=N

n

nLKnL1

niK

niLN

nLK

nKmax

nni

ni

ni LKiNnLNKLNX ,...,1;,...,1;);,( ==∈= nJ

r


Integrated Framework Leakage Detection & Model Calibration

WaterGEMS (Darwin Calibrator)


Case I: system conditions (United Utilities)

• DMA system model

• 12 km pipelines

• 1000 properties

• 5 pressure loggers and one flow meter


Case Study I: previously detection

Burst AaA Burst B

aA

KEY

�

DMA Boundary

Leak located<50mDistance

from prediction

150mmMains diam

BURST A

150mDistance from

prediction

8”Mains diam

BURST B


Case I: results comparison

Burst A & B


60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

Apr 01 Apr 15 Apr 29 May 13 May 27 Jun 10 Jun 24

cub.

m/h

r

Raw Measured Value for 08016DM01_02 WALTON SUMMIT (1 Apr 2004 - 1 Jul 2004)

Case I: savings

30m3/hr reduction

Burst A

Burst BSaving > 210,000 Euro / year


Case Study I: flow comparison (after)


Case II: another DMA

Leakage spots identified with WaterGEMS Leakage Calibrator

Field survey

Actual Leakage


15 m3/hr reduction

Savings of 115,000 Euro / year

Important: Check Risk on Transients !


Essential Requirements

• Build hydraulic model

• Collect field data (e.g. flows and pressures)

• Prepare and import data

• Calibrate the model and make leakage detection runs

• Analyze results

• Look for consistent predicted leakage hotspots

• Go to the filed: check the identified locations and take a proper acction
