imperialism the united states becomes an...
TRANSCRIPT
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IMPERIALISMThe United States
Becomes an Empire
What is imperialism?
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IMPERIALISM
To create an Empire. When a stronger more powerful nation take political, economic and social control over weaker
nations.
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Uncle Sam GROWS Into a World Power
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Imperialism
Describe the FOUR Factors that lead to the United States
becoming an EMPIRE in the late 19th century
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IMPERIALISM
● Factors favoring American expansion overseas: ○ ECONOMICS
■ Capitalism requires expansion into foreign markets● To acquire resources and raw materials for
American industries ● Markets to sell American produced goods
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IMPERIALISM
● Factors favoring American expansion overseas. ○ POLITICS
■ Spread American democracy to other nations● Strength abroad will
bring strength at home■ Compete with other
imperial powers● Like who?
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IMPERIALISM
● Factors favoring American expansion overseas. ○ MILITARY
■ Overseas bases for military bases and coaling states
■ Provide strategic “protective” bases = buffer zone
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IMPERIALISM
● Factors favoring American expansion overseas. ○ SOCIAL
■ Spread American culture ■ Spread Christianity ■ American version of greatness
● Racial/cultural superiority ● “White Man’s Burden”
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Voices of Imperialism
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Seapower on History,
1660-1783
1. Key to becoming a dominant empire was control of the seas
2. United States needed to build up its naval battleship fleet
3. U.S. needed to have a two ocean naval presence
4. United States needed to acquire Hawaii and other Pacific islands
5. United States should build a canal across the isthmus of Central America
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Voices of Imperialism
YELLOW PRESS
● SENSATIONALIZING the NEWS○ Jingoism ○ Journalism that downplays
legitimate news in favor for eye-catching headline that sell more newspapers = encouraged imperialism ■ William Randolph ■ Joseph Pulitzer
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Voices of Imperialism
Political leaders advocated for an American empire - used political offices to promote
imperialism Senator Albert Beveridge
Senator Henry Cabot LodgePresident Teddy Roosevelt
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Despite Potential Success Debate Ensued
Expansionists● Favored expansion of borders
& influence ● Believed were helping those
who came under US domination (why – think your reasons)
Isolationists● Opposed expansion● Wanted to maintain US
tradition of not getting involved in global issues
● Went against US core values ○ Liberty ○ Independence
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Uncle Sam begins looking across the oceans
Uncle Sam planting the American flag on territories
abroad...the
“NEW MANIFEST DESTINY”
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Consolidating American Hemisphere Power
● Early U.S. Foreign Policy ◼ American isolationism?
▫ Manifest Destiny◼ Further Expansionism?
▫ Economic and social changes drove imperialism
● Removing European Obstacles◼ Louisiana Purchase,
1803◼ Monroe Doctrine, 1823◼ Mexican American
War, 1846-48◼ Purchased Alaska, 1867
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America Claims an Empire
The New “Manifest Destiny”
After the conquering and settlement of the American West,
Americans looked toward overseas territories for
expansion
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What is the message of this Thomas Nest political cartoon in relation to American expansionism?
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ALASKA - “Seward’s Folly”
● 1867, the United States purchases ALASKA from Russia
● Secretary of State William Seward agrees to pay $7.2 million
● Critics derided the purchase with numerous derogatory names such as “Seward’s Icebox.”
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Klondike Gold Rush in the Yukon
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AND...
Alaskan Oil!
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Midway Islands
1867, The United States formally took possession of Midway
Islands - bases and protective
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Early American Interest in Hawaii
● In the late 1700s and early 1800s, American missionaries travel to Hawaii to convert Hawaiians to Christianity.
● Sanford Dole and other American businessmen bought land and established fruit and sugarcane plantations○ American businessmen forced Hawaii to grant them the right
to vote and soon the American business interests were controlling Hawaiian politics
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Naval Bases at Pearl Harbor
Treaty of Reciprocity
1887
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Queen Liliuokalani & Revolution in Hawaii
● In 1891, Liliuokalani succeeded her brother (King Kalakaua) as the monarch of Hawaii○ Revoked the right to vote
from American businessmen
○ Take power away from non-Hawaiians
○ “Hawaii for Hawaiians!”■ Hawaiian nationalism
● American businessmen incited rebellion and overthrew the Queen in 1893
● Liliuokalani surrendered and was imprisoned in her palace
● The Americans who lead the revolution petitioned for annexation by the United States
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Hawaiian Annexation
Fight for annexing Hawaii
● “The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it.” -US minister to Hawaii urging for annexation
● President Cleveland opposed annexation as saw overthrow of Queen illegal so Hawaiian republic declared in 1894
● President McKinley (pro-imperialist) submitted treaty to annex Hawaii in 1897○ In 1898 during the Spanish American War the US
annexed Hawaii when the value of Pearl Harbor naval base became increasingly evident
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The Open Door Policy: Securing US Inclusion in World Trade
● Secretary of State John Hay's - “Open Door” in China ○ Aimed to secure international
agreement to the US policy of promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China & respect China’s administrative integrity
○ Reason because US was “left out” of trade via spheres of influence and needed to expand market
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Foreign Influence in
JapanMatthew Perry “opens” Japan to international trade securing two American ports and embassy for US by flexing MUSCLES with 16
battleships “The Great White Fleet”
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Spanish American War, 1898 “A splendid little war” John Hay
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CUBA
● Tensions between the United States & Spain arose over Cuba ○ 90 miles off Southern coasts of Florida
● Spain intended to keep Cuba as part of its empire○ Cuba had been a part of Spain’s empire of the Americas since
1490s● The United States presidents called for Spain to grant
Cuban autonomy - America supported Cuban rebels ○ Cuban Revolution - fled to US (stories & destruction)○ American investments - sugar
● The Yellow Press inflamed public opinion against the Spaniards
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President McKinley sends the Maine to Cuba - Protect US Interests (property & citizens)
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EXPLOSION of the USS Maine!!!
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Destruction of the Maine lead to rise of War Fever in the Country
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Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst, New York journalists
sensationalized the news to sell newspapers. The Yellow Press
depicted the explosion of the Maine as an attack by Spain on the United
States!
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“REMEMBER THE MAINE TO HELL WITH SPAIN!”
United States Declares War on Spain
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Battles of the Spanish-American War
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Spanish Surrender After ONLY 4 Months!
● US attacked Philippines first (Dewey attacks Manila Bay) ○ Spanish colony=surprise
attack ○ Filipino rebels support
● Cuba attacked next ○ Naval blockade followed by
land invasion ○ T. Roosevelt and the Rough
Riders help gain control ● American navy destroyed Spanish
fleet paving way for invasion of Puerto Rico
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Treaty of Paris 1898: The Terms
● Huge US gains for only a 4 month war
● Territorial gains strengthen military and economic position of US
● Cuba gained independence
● US Territorial Gains: ○ Puerto Rico○ Guam ○ Philippines “bought” for $20
million ○ Guantanamo Bay (Naval
Base) ○ Cuba = Protectorate (Platt
Amendment)
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The United States becomes an EMPIRE
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United States New Role in the World