Imperialism expands to India

Unit Enduring Understandings1. The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas

of opportunity.2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and

economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.3. Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the

dominant world powers in the 19th century.4. Centers of global economic and political power shift over time.5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

Agenda – After studying imperialism in Africa, the mid-east, India and East Asia what do you think is meant by the phrase “The White Man’s Burden”?1. Questions from homework?2. Review chart of imperial comparison3. Complete p 33 – How does the Chinese experience differ from that of other

imperialized countries? Why?4. Geography p 34 and 35 – the Opium War –how does the opium war relate

to issues the US faces today?5. Reading – Actively Read p 36 and answer the 3 questions on the bottom.6. Analyze the Cartoon – how does it answer today’s agenda question?7. Complete a War/Revolution Snapshot for the Industrial Revolution

Country/region

Reasons for imperialism

Method of conquest/control

Main products effects

Africa Trade, resources, national prestige power, slaves

Direct, indirect, assimilation and lots of violence and racism

Ivory, rubber, cash crops like palm oil and chocolate

Slavery, starvation, racism, inept governments

Mid-East Trade routes, weaken ottoman empire, transport, resources (oil)

Geopolitical diplomacy, realpolitik power games, supporting national revolts

Oil, grain, trade routes including Suez Canal being built

Ottoman empire weakened, growth of Arab nationalism, Persian dominated by Russia & Britain

India Trade, resources, national prestige

Trade deals, private violence, government violence, creation of direct control with the Raj

Tea, spices, cotton, coffee, jute, opium

British gov’t takes over India, rise of Indian nationalism, modernization of India

Asia Trade, resources national prestige, transport

Direct control, violence, diplomacy and realpolitik power games

Rubber, rice, tea, cocoa, coffee, tin, tropical fruits, timber, oil

Most of Asia falls under European control, brutal conditions for some

China Responds to ImperialismCauses Event/policy Effects

Britain imported opium into China and Chinese asked Britain to stop this illegal trade. China went to war to stop the opium trade.

The Opium War 1839-1842. China’s navy attacked British ships and Britain destroyed most of China’s navy and took Shanghai. The Treaty of Nanjing ended the war.

Treaty of Nanjing gave Britain ownership of Hong Kong, and a 1844 Treaty granted extraterritorial rights – foreigners did not have to follow Chinese law. The opium trade continued

Population increase & not enough land or good jobs led many young men to take low-paying transport jobs. Also, girl infanticide led to too few women for wives. Hong Xiuquan a Christian mystic tapped into Chinese anger and humiliation from opium and foreigners

Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 – rebels took Nanjing and spread outwards to create an equal Christian utopia, forced the end of gender inequality, opium, alcohol.Manchus (Qing Dynasty) showed weakness by hiring private army

Disappointment and distrust of Qing Dynasty20 million die of war or starvationSelf-strengthening policy - modernization of military, transport and diplomacy (western-style)

China Responds to ImperialismCauses Event/policy Effects

Weakening of Qing Dynasty was seen in the Taiping Rebellion. Weakness also shown in Opium War – only way to defend the country was to modernize. The Dowager Empress was in favor of this – mostly.

Self-Strengthening Movement - military, transport and diplomacy were all built-up using western-style ideas and technology

Domestic military industries were developed, but many were owned and operated by foreigners, new transport like trains were installed

Weakness after Sino-Japanese War led to loss of Korea and Taiwan and showed continued Chinese Weakness

Open Door Policy – 1899 – US demanded that all foreigners have equal and free access to China’s markets

US and others get access to China’s trade without the Chinese having mush control. China felt humiliated but because the imperialists were so competitive, China was able to stay independent and united, but foreigners had spheres of influence

Self Strengthening Movement• Effects of Instability in China

– Foreigners import resources for MILITARY

– China loses control of QUALITY and in trade balance

– Increasing WESTERN INFLUENCE

– Public not overly supportive of program

– Foreigners attack• Other countries capitalize on

China’s weaknesses • Resulting treaties lead to

“FOOTHOLDS”—spheres of influence

China Responds to ImperialismCauses Event/policy Effects

Reform movement of 100 days led by Emperor was suppressed by the Dowager Empress – Chinese political infighting led to Emperor imprisoned. Reforms and modernization ended, preventing a constitutional monarchyContinued frustration over humiliation, Open-door policy, spread of Christianity and very poor living conditions.

Boxer Rebellion – 1900 - the Secret Society of the Harmonious Fist led an uprising to kick out the foreigners, Christians and make government better, more effective and more responsive to the people

20,000 foreign troops were used by the imperialists to put down the Boxers. China was forced to concede even more land and huge amounts of money. Some reforms were planned.Chinese nationalism grew strong at this new example of humiliation.Nationalism grew to the ending of the dynasty and the creation of the Republic of China under the Guomindong Party of Sun Yatsen.

White Man’s Burden