imperial journal of interdisciplinary research (ijir) vol ... · impact of double hybrid silkworm...

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 577

Impact of Double Hybrid Silkworm Rearing Technology and Knowledge of IVLP Farmers

in Madanapalli Cluster

P. M. Muniswamy Reddy1, M. Ramesh2, D. Mohan Rao3, B. Ravi Naik4 & P. Jayaprakash5

1, 2, 3 Silkworm Seed Production Centre, NSSO, Central Silk Board, Madanapalli-517325, A.P 4Department of Sericulture Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Madanapalli- 517325, A.P 5National Silkworm Seed Organization, Central Silk Board, Bangalore-560068

Abstract: Sericulture is one of the most important rural industries practiced since several decades. It has certain inherent advantages of generating reg-ular income throughout the year by raising silk-worm cocoons of traditional cross breeds under IVLP programme bivoltine double hybrids rearing technology has been introduced for improved co-coon production both quatitatively and qualitative-ly in Madanapalli area of chittoor district, A.P . The programme has been introduced at central silk board and state DOS level to educate sericulturists, still a wide gap exists between the recommended technology and actual adoption by Sericulturists. To plan a suitable intervention strategy, to bridge this gap, it is necessary to understand the present knowledge and adoption level for improved tech-nologies, so also existing mulberry leaf yield pack-age of practices, disease and pest management, integrated nutrient management, leaf harvesting and quality of cocoon production level. It is, there-fore, present study was conducted to know the ex-tent of adoption of improved practices at farmer’s level in selected areas of Madanapalli B- Kothako-ta , PTM, Thambalapalli, Mulkalachruvu, cover-ing Five locations with purpose of finding whether or not by adopting the improved sericultural tech-nologies are transferred meticulously and adopted sincerely. A gain to the extent of 65Kg to 70 Kgs in cocoon yield over the adaptation of new technolo-gies and Knowledge level improvement (77.6% & 74.2%, 72.8%, 55.8% & 53.1% respectively) (78.1%). The details of the sericulture technologies demonstrated and their cumulative impact are dis-cussed. Keywords: IVLP, Bivoltine double hybrids, Silk-worm Rearing, Mulberry variety. INTRODUCTION Andhra Pradesh is the second largest producer of silkworm cocoons in the country and sericulture is an important activity in the drought prone chattoor district in Madanapalli. The productivity depends

on the extent to which farmers adopt the new tech-nologies. Adoption of new technologies by farmers leads to increased production and sericultural de-velopment. Almost all-commercial silk is made from cocoons spun by silkworms of the genus Bombyx. Bivoltine silkworm rearing is a very complicated process, which requires various tech-nical aspects, specific management skills, due un-derstanding and experience. The practice of sericul-ture consist of two major activities viz., cultivation of mulberry plants for producing leaf to the silk-worm larvae and the rearing of silkworm larvae to produce the quality of cocoons, which is the raw material for the silk reeling industry. Silkworm is an economical and helpful insect and is reared by many farmers throughout world. It was decided to adopt the villages for Seri cultural development through Institute Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) a participatory approach of scientists, ex-tension functionaries and farmers [4]. The main objective of the programme was to improve the socio-economic condition of the sericultural farm-ers of selected villages through improvement in productivity level of mulberry and cocoon yield in a sustained manner and to distribution of chemicals in free of cost to farmers through IVLP programme in Madanapalli. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of silkworm rearing impact on knowledge and adoption level of double hybrid silkworm rearing technologies Introduction of commercial double hybrid bivoltine rearing prac-tices in India is revolutionizing the bivoltine silk production in South India [10, 11]. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Institute Village Linkage Programme will be implemented during the current 12th plan period for 100 farmers per each programme. Central Office, Bangalore has fixed a target of one programme for the Institute which will be implemented through Andhra Pradesh of Madanapalli areas, Chittoor Distract (B-Kothakota/ PTM / Molakalacheruvu/

http://www.onlinejournal.in/




Thamballapalli).Selection of villages, farmers and bench mark survey has already been completed in association with local State Govt. Department of Sericultural (DOS). [7, 8]. In the present study the beneficiary farmers were compared before and after the intervention and popularization through the IVPL programme bi-voltine double hybrid silkworm rearing new tech-nologies and knowledge level. TECHNOLOGIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE SELECTED PROJECT AREA:

• Maintenance of Mulberry Plantation:

Necessary steps to be taken up in maintenance of mulberry plantation specially plant spacing and irrigation system etc., would be imparted to the farmers for self-sufficiency with regard to the mulberry wealth.

• Integrated Nutrient Management (INM):

The basic concept of nutrient management is to promote and maintain soil fertility for sustained mulberry leaf production through application of fertilizers based on soil testing report and ma-nures, bio fertilizers, vermicomposting and green manures in an integrated manner. The main pur-pose of the integrated method is to utilize all the available sources of plant nutrients in a judicious, effective and efficient manner.

• Pruning / leaf harvesting, Leaf transportation and preservation techniques: Under tropical condition, proper pruning methods, leaf harvesting techniques, transportation and preservation techniques will be adopted for better crop performance.

• Disinfection of rearing house: Before commencement of silkworm rearing de-struction of disease causing germs to eradicate the disease will be followed. For said purpose disin-fection of rearing houses and rearing equipment’s will be carried out by using bleaching powder, lime, Chlorine-di-oxide (Sanitech/Serichlore) and formalin solution to ensure successful crop. The same procedure will be followed after completion of each crop.

• Chawki / late age rearing technologies: The concept is to chawki rearing (young age) silkworms under ideal environmental conditions of temperature (26 - 280C) and humidity (80 to 85%) feeding of good quality mulberry leaf. The specific package will make young larvae robust

and healthy. During late age rearing the ideal temperature (24 to 250C) and humidity 65% with good quality leaf will be followed. Use of plastic trays and paraffin paper for chawki rearing and shelf system (shoot rearing) for late age rearing will be advocated to bring down the cost of pro-duction of cocoons.

• Use of Bed disinfectants:

To overcome the problem of outbreak of diseases, use of bed disinfectants will be ensured after eve-ry moult and on the fourth day of final instar. For the said purpose Vijetha, Ankush (VijethaGreen), andLime etc., will be used as per the recommend-ed dosages to ensure the successful crop [5].

• Integrated management of mulberry pest and diseases:

Integrated pest management system will be adopt-ed for effective control of mulberry pests and dis-eases. Silkworm disease management: All precautionary measures will be taken to con-trol silkworm diseases and pests.

• Cocoon harvesting and transportation tech-niques for better price: Before sale of cocoons each farmer will be demonstrated about proper harvesting, sorting of flimsy, double and stained cocoons for fetching better price.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION The productive bivoltine double hybrids had result-ed in a linear improvement of cocoon yield and quality of raw silk. However, these productive hy-brids could make much impact to the selected farmers who could able to provide required inputs and adopted new technologies and managerial skills and Knowledge level which were essential to realize the maximum, potential of these double hybrids silkworm rearing Table-1&2. (77.6% & 74.2%, 72.8%, 55.8% & 53.1% respectively) (78.1%). But whenever, there is an improvement in quantitative characters in double hybrid survivals significantly increasing trend to the extent of 65Kg to 70 Kgs in cocoon yield. In the present investiga-tion, the IVLP farmers practiced both sericulture and agriculture crops for earning their livelihood and to increase the socio-economic conditions in their family [2, 6].





Table 2: Impact of IVLP Programmes on knowledge of the participants.

Sl No.

Category of

participants

Knowledge Level Year 2015-16

No. of participants Before IVLP (%)

After IVLP (%)

Improvement (%)

1. IVLP Farmers 100 49.0 87.3 78.1

Impact of technological interventions: It was observed that due to technological interven-tions mulberry plantation, leaf yield was increased by adopted wider spacing, high yielding mulberry variety of V1 in 3'x3'x5 (paired raw system) spac-ing was one of the reasons for increased quantity and quality of productivity(55.6%). Significantly increase in cocoon yield also observed which may be attributed due to quality leaf obtained from high yielding mulberry variety. Thus, the programme was successful in increasing the overall cocoon yield (65kgs -70kgs). The acreage under mulberry was also increased by adopting new technologies and study tour programmes arranged Karnataka progressive farmers it is well suitable mulberry gardens and rearing houses which was due to fun-damental motivation of the farmers themselves after getting sustainable benefit through the IVLP programme [1, 2, 3, and 9]. Impact of technologies adopted by the selected farmers in each village would be assessed based on the knowledge they have before and after IVLP programme during the year 2015-2016. For as-sessing the quality, effectiveness and impact of the IVLP, regular evaluation will be done. Farmers

received a good remuneration from this improve-ment. The gross and net income from bivoltine double hybrid silkworm rearing was increased a lot which indicated their improvement in economic standard. The disinfectants/ chemicals, study tours and group discussions support under IVLP has en-lightened the farmers and now they could handle the enterprise confidently with ensured application of technological inputs which is reflected from their income earning status from this avocation. Hence, similar type of programme should be em-phasized for the overall development of Indian Seri cultural farming.

OUTCOME: After successful implementation of the IVLP pro-ject, the covered farmers shall be self-reliant in respect of sericulture new technologies and knowledge level, able to take up 5-6 rearing’s per annum and enhances their income for better liveli-hood. It will also have positive impact on the neighboring farmers and the entire area shall be benefitted.

Table 2: Impact of IVLP Programmes on Technologies Adoption of the Farmers

SL.No.

Technologies / Practices Technologies Adoption Level (2015-2016)

No. of participants

Before IVLP (%)

After IVLP (%)

Improvement (%)

1 Maintenance of Mulberry Plantation 100 48.0 74.7 55.6

2 Disinfection of rearing house 100 47.4 84.2 77.6 3 Pruning / leaf harvesting, Leaf transporta-

tion and preservation techniques 100 48.2 72.6 50.6

4 Chawki / late age rearing technologies 100 51.2 88.5 72.8 5 Use of Bed disinfectants 100 47.3 82.4 74.2 6 Integrated management of mulberry pest

and diseases 100 36.3 52.7 45.1

7 Silkworm disease management 100 8 Cocoon harvesting and transportation tech-

niques for better price 100 45.4 69.5 53.1





REFERENCES

1. Chowdhury, N.B.(2002). Impact of adoption of new technologies in Palamner area of Andhra Pradesh. Indian Silk. 40; 15-16.

2. Geetha, G. S., Srinivasa, G., Jayaram, H., Iyengar, M.N.S., and Vijayprakash (2001). So-cioeconomic determinants of farmer oriented technology packages for sericulture-a field study. Indian J. Seric., 40: 96-99.

3. Hiriyana, R.G., Geetha Devi, Suma, A.S., and Kumaresan, P.( 2008). IVLP - A case of Sriran-gapatna cluster in Karnataka. Indian Silk. 47:5-8.

4. Geetha Devi, R.G. and Kumaresan, P. (2007) In: Workshop on Sericulture Sustainability and Entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu, R S R S, Sa-lem and Periyar University, Salem, 29th March, p.21-27.

5. Khan MA and Sexana NN (2004). Disinfection of rearing houses and rearing appliances. Bulle-tin No. 04.

6. Kushwaha RV and Singh NR (2013). Extent of adoption of improved sericultural practices by the sericulturists of Buldhana district of Maha-rashtra. Agriculture Update 8(3) 469-471.

7. Pande RK, Bindroo BB, Anil Dhar and Khan MA (2010). Jammu and Kashmir: Improving Bivoltine cocoon production in Kandi Belt of Kathu. Indian Silk (7) 10 -13.

8. Pande RK, Pande SK and Sahaf KA (2012). Impact of Subtropical Environment on Silk-worm survival in Kandi Belt of Jammu Prov-inces; The Ecoscan. An International Quarterly Journal Special issue 1 337-42.

9. Ramkant, Anil Dhar, Raina SK and Pandey (2011). Impact of improved sericultural tech-nology on cocoon productivity at Farmer's level in Kathua district of J&K. In 22nd All India Congress of Zoology Dec. 29 -31.

10. Sengupta, A.K., Pandit, D., and Ghosh, S (2006). Socio-personal traits of sericultural farmers of West Bengal and productivity in Mulberry Sericulture - An Overview. Proc. Of Workshop on Appropriate Technologies for Mulberry Sericulture in Eastern and Notrth Eastern India., 17-18 January. pp. 195-99.

11. Qadri SFI, Malik MA, Sabhat A and Malik FA (2010). Adoption of improved sericultural prac-tices by sericulturists in border area of Kashmir. International Journal of Agricultural and Sta-tistics Sciences 6(1) 197-201.




Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 81

Fig: 1. IVLP, MULBERRY PLANTATION, DISINFECTION, GROUP DISCUSSION & STUDY TOUR PROGRAMMES



imperial journal of interdisciplinary research (ijir) vol ... · impact of double hybrid silkworm...

Documents