Slide 1

Slide 2

Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality: Widened wealth gap b/w industrialized & non- industrialized countries Industrialized saw poor countries as markets for manufacturing products Began seizing colonies for economic resources imperialism

Slide 3

Slide 4

1848: Year of Revolutions Causes: Poor harvests Food shortages Economic depression Unemployment Desire of people for increased political power and civil liberties Nationalism and political liberalism At the barricades

Slide 5

Summary of Italian Unification Passion for a free and united Italy initiated by charismatic nationalists Unification realized by aggressive leaders Political manipulation contributed significantly Foreign powers overthrown Spirit of nationalism began to unite Italians despite cultural, social, and regional differences Italian stamp commemorating Mazzini

Slide 6

The unification of Italy was led by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour. Giuseppe Garibaldi Camillo di Cavour

Slide 7

1848 in the German Confederation Middle class sought constitutional government, property rights, security, and prosperity Artisans struggled against industrialists and capitalists, sought to protect guild system Workers demanded suffrage and socialist reforms Peasants sought security in land ownership German peasant workers

Slide 8

German Unification Expanding industrial economy altered economic and political climate in Prussia Otto von Bismarck, architect of German unification Bismarck motivated to consolidate and expand German power Bismarck not motivated by sentimental aspects of nationalism German cultural nationalism would emerge in concert with German unification Germany, 18661871

Slide 9

Otto von Bismarck 18151898 1847: elected to the Prussian Landtag 185159: Prussian minister to Frankfurt Parliament 18591862: Ambassador to St. Petersburg 1862: Ambassador to Paris 1862: Minister-President of Prussia Blood and iron Policies

Slide 10

Reform and Reaction Alexander I- one church, one government, one language (1801-1825) Nicholas I- (1825-1855) Alexander II (1855- 1881) Suppressed opposition to rule, limited freedom of speech Suppressed revolts, started a secret police Freed the serfs, started the Duma (Russian Congress)

Slide 11

1905 Revolution Tsar Nicholas II crushes peaceful protest After 1905 Revolution, Tsar promises economic and political reform, but does not see them as priorities.

Slide 12

Imperialism the policy of extending a nation's economic, political, and/or social control over a weaker nation; the policy of extending territory or establishing dominance over another nation.

Slide 13

Cause #1 1. Economic Need for raw materials (coal, cotton...) and markets Trade Source of cheap labor Invest excess capital at a high rate of return Make loans to colonies for building railways, steamship lines...

Slide 14

Cause #2 2. Political Acquire territory Obtain bases and outposts for military Establish a government; belief colonies were unfit to self- govern Desire for great power status (colonies meant power and prestige) Ambitions of power, glory, and national greatness Demonstrate the power of their military and strength of their weapons

Slide 15

Cause #3 3. Social Spread Christianity to the colonies ("White Man's Burden") Belief of superiority Evolution/"survival of the fittest" (Social Darwinism) Duty to spread their race, beliefs, and Western culture Educate the colonies ETHNOCENTRISM

Slide 16

Colonial Empires around the World

Slide 17

Effects of Imperialism on the European Countries: Clash/War between the European Countries Europeans lost lives in wars to control native people in India, Africa, and China Feeling of superiority prevented imperialists from seeing the value and learning from other cultures Europeans became economically dependent on the cheap raw materials and markets of the colonies Cultural diffusion - influenced the art, food, language, and clothes design

Slide 18

Effects of Imperialism on Conquered People: Positive: Infrastructure improved Education improved Access to medical care increased Food supply increased Economic development stimulated Internal conflicts decreased

Slide 19

Effects of Imperialism on Conquered People: Negative: People with common culture separated Natural resources exploited Native cultures damaged Economic self-sufficiency lost Cash crops overemphasized Family life disrupted Native life expectancy diminished