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Tom Bruulsema, VP, Americas & Research, IPNI Allison Thomson, Field to Market Impact Metrics of 4R Nutrient Stewardship Manitoba Agronomists Conference Managing Crops to Maintain Markets 13 December 2017

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Page 1: Impact Metrics of 4R Nutrient Stewardshipumanitoba.ca/.../media/2...metrics_4R_MAC_Dec_2017.pdf · 1. Crop nutrition is crucial to sustainable development. Ecosystem services include

Tom Bruulsema, VP, Americas & Research, IPNIAllison Thomson, Field to Market

Impact Metrics of 4R Nutrient Stewardship 

Manitoba Agronomists ConferenceManaging Crops to Maintain Markets

13 December 2017

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The International Plant Nutrition Institute is supported by leading fertilizer manufacturers.

Formed in 2007 from the Potash & Phosphate Institute, its mission is to develop and promote science for responsible management of crop nutrition.

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Outline

1. Trends– Population, production, fertilizer use, human nutrition

2. Challenges– Sustainability and ecosystem services– Indicators for impacts of crop nutrition practices

3. Research– 4R Research Fund

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Global Trends

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2017  International Fertilizer Association (IFA), 2017

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Expanding population, rising incomes. Demand growth not only for more food, but also for better food and a better environment.

The Globe and Mail, April 2016

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Ecosystem Services are “The benefits people obtain 

from ecosystems”

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As a sustainability system, 4R Nutrient Stewardship 

needs METRICS.

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Indicators of Sustainable Crop Nutrition

Enablers(process)

Actions(adoption)

Outcomes(impact on ecological 

services)

• Extension & professionals

• Infrastructure• Research & innovation

• Stakeholder engagement • Cropland area under 

4R [Requires regional definition of 4R]

1. Farmland productivity2. Soil health3.Nutrient use efficiency4.Water quality5. Air quality6.Greenhouse gases7. Food & nutrition security

8. Biodiversity9.Macroeconomic value

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Core Ideas: • Sustainability indicators for US agriculture demonstrate improvement 

since 1980.• Emerging multi‐stakeholder initiatives are seeking to drive further 

improvement.• Collaboration with the scientific community is key to achieving 

improvements.• Metrics include: land use, water use, energy use, greenhouse gas 

emissions, and soil erosion for nine commodity crops. More in the works: biodiversity, soil carbon, water quality.

Agric. Environ. Lett. 2:170015 (2017) doi:10.2134/ael2017.05.0015

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4R practice tables –combinations of source, rate, time & place.

Step 1 – N2O emissionsStep 2 – water quality

Describing 4R practices complements metrics, aids their calculation, and provides options for farmers.   www.ipni.net

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Data available at: soiltest.ipni.net.

PSoil fertility levels reflect an important component of soil health.

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East versus West: a contrast in soil test P

IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.

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http://phosphorus.ipni.net/article/PPP‐3032

Nitrogen inputs and removals are both increasing over time.

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http://phosphorus.ipni.net/article/PPP‐3032

Phosphorus inputs and removals are both increasing over time.

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Soil fertility and nutrient balance are relevant metrics for crop nutrition in 

Lake Winnipeg and Lake Erie watersheds

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Maccoux MJ et al J Great Lakes Res (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.005

Lake Erie mean DRP loads 2009‐2013

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Lake Erie total P loads 1967‐2013

Total P load does not explain the increase in algal blooms since ~1995

Maccoux MJ et al J Great Lakes Res (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.005

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Western Lake Erie: dissolved P trends increasing since 2002

1. David Baker & Laura Johnson, National Center for Water Quality Research, Tiffin, OH2. Jarvie et al., 2016, J Environ. Qual.  

40%reduction target

Cumulative DR

Pload

 (lbP 2O5/A)

0     4     8     2    16     20

40%reduction target

0.74 lb P2O5per acre per year

0.34 lb P2O5 /A/y

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Soil Test Summary: Lake Erie Region

IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.

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Soil Test Summary: Lake Erie Region

32% in 200150% in 2015

36% in 200126% in 2015

IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.

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NuGIS: Lake Erie Region

IPNI. 2016. http://nugis.ipni.net.

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Lake Erie Region

• Declines in higher soil test levels and increases in lower soil test levels are consistent with P budgets

• Opportunities for improvement:– Better direct P applications to lower testing soils, particularly on sols testing less than 15 ppm

– Right time and right place– Additional conservation practices provide increased opportunities to reduce potential P loss and maintain or improve yields

Bruulsema, T.W. 2016. Soil Phosphorus Trends in the Lake Erie Region. Better Crops 100(2):4‐9 

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Approaches to recognition of crop nutrition impact on ecosystem services• 4R certification• Counting 4R acres• Aggregate data related to 4R practices• Models of nutrient loss• Water quality trading• Carbon trading

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It begins with 4R… but more is needed.

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Optimum N rate is similar for yield & soil organic matter

Adapted from Poffenbarger et al., 2017. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172293

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Ecological Intensification• 41 site‐years• Ecological Intensification versus Farmer Practice

• EI = higher yields + NUE• USA ‐ IA, MN, IN • Africa, Argentina, Brazil, China, Russia, India 

• 40% of sites ↑ yield• 17% ↑yield + ↑NUE• To increase yield + NUE, need 4R PLUS cropping system management

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1. Initiated 2013 (funds) ‐ 2014 (projects.2. Pledge of $7M over 5 years. 3. Five meta‐analyses completed.4. Supported metric development with Field to Market.5. Ongoing projects in USA:

1. Lake Erie Watershed P load reduction – Kevin King (4RN09)2. Kansas P runoff monitoring – Nathan Nelson (4RN26)3. Late N application for modern corn hybrids – Tony Vyn (4RN25)4. Nitrate‐Nitrogen Loss in Tile Drainage – Matt Helmers (4RN16)

6. 11+ projects in Canada7. Prospects for a second 5‐year round of support

http://research.ipni.net/

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4R Research Fund Projects

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N

Global Forages Group

N Amer

China

S Asia

Aus N Zea

Mex C Amer

N Latin Amer

S Cone

BrazilSS Afr

SE Asia

N Afr

Rus E Europe

Mid East

Shared data

Shared vision

Shared scientific literature

Shared experience

Shared expertise

Shared contacts

Networks

Shared solutions

Shared ideas

IPNI: More than a collection of regions

Shared industry support

A unique global collaborative

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Summary

1. Crop nutrition is crucial to sustainable development. Ecosystem services include human nutrition.

2. Engaging the food supply chain through sustainability organizations offers huge opportunity to communicate progress.

3. The crop nutrition industry has increased its support for science. To ensure it continues, need to demonstrate ROI for the ecosystem services supported.