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TRANSCRIPT
Tom Bruulsema, VP, Americas & Research, IPNIAllison Thomson, Field to Market
Impact Metrics of 4R Nutrient Stewardship
Manitoba Agronomists ConferenceManaging Crops to Maintain Markets
13 December 2017
The International Plant Nutrition Institute is supported by leading fertilizer manufacturers.
Formed in 2007 from the Potash & Phosphate Institute, its mission is to develop and promote science for responsible management of crop nutrition.
Outline
1. Trends– Population, production, fertilizer use, human nutrition
2. Challenges– Sustainability and ecosystem services– Indicators for impacts of crop nutrition practices
3. Research– 4R Research Fund
Global Trends
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2017 International Fertilizer Association (IFA), 2017
Expanding population, rising incomes. Demand growth not only for more food, but also for better food and a better environment.
The Globe and Mail, April 2016
Ecosystem Services are “The benefits people obtain
from ecosystems”
As a sustainability system, 4R Nutrient Stewardship
needs METRICS.
Indicators of Sustainable Crop Nutrition
Enablers(process)
Actions(adoption)
Outcomes(impact on ecological
services)
• Extension & professionals
• Infrastructure• Research & innovation
• Stakeholder engagement • Cropland area under
4R [Requires regional definition of 4R]
1. Farmland productivity2. Soil health3.Nutrient use efficiency4.Water quality5. Air quality6.Greenhouse gases7. Food & nutrition security
8. Biodiversity9.Macroeconomic value
Core Ideas: • Sustainability indicators for US agriculture demonstrate improvement
since 1980.• Emerging multi‐stakeholder initiatives are seeking to drive further
improvement.• Collaboration with the scientific community is key to achieving
improvements.• Metrics include: land use, water use, energy use, greenhouse gas
emissions, and soil erosion for nine commodity crops. More in the works: biodiversity, soil carbon, water quality.
Agric. Environ. Lett. 2:170015 (2017) doi:10.2134/ael2017.05.0015
4R practice tables –combinations of source, rate, time & place.
Step 1 – N2O emissionsStep 2 – water quality
Describing 4R practices complements metrics, aids their calculation, and provides options for farmers. www.ipni.net
Data available at: soiltest.ipni.net.
PSoil fertility levels reflect an important component of soil health.
East versus West: a contrast in soil test P
IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.
http://phosphorus.ipni.net/article/PPP‐3032
Nitrogen inputs and removals are both increasing over time.
http://phosphorus.ipni.net/article/PPP‐3032
Phosphorus inputs and removals are both increasing over time.
Soil fertility and nutrient balance are relevant metrics for crop nutrition in
Lake Winnipeg and Lake Erie watersheds
Maccoux MJ et al J Great Lakes Res (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.005
Lake Erie mean DRP loads 2009‐2013
Lake Erie total P loads 1967‐2013
Total P load does not explain the increase in algal blooms since ~1995
Maccoux MJ et al J Great Lakes Res (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.005
Western Lake Erie: dissolved P trends increasing since 2002
1. David Baker & Laura Johnson, National Center for Water Quality Research, Tiffin, OH2. Jarvie et al., 2016, J Environ. Qual.
40%reduction target
Cumulative DR
Pload
(lbP 2O5/A)
0 4 8 2 16 20
40%reduction target
0.74 lb P2O5per acre per year
0.34 lb P2O5 /A/y
Soil Test Summary: Lake Erie Region
IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.
Soil Test Summary: Lake Erie Region
32% in 200150% in 2015
36% in 200126% in 2015
IPNI. 2016. http://soiltest.ipni.net.
NuGIS: Lake Erie Region
IPNI. 2016. http://nugis.ipni.net.
Lake Erie Region
• Declines in higher soil test levels and increases in lower soil test levels are consistent with P budgets
• Opportunities for improvement:– Better direct P applications to lower testing soils, particularly on sols testing less than 15 ppm
– Right time and right place– Additional conservation practices provide increased opportunities to reduce potential P loss and maintain or improve yields
Bruulsema, T.W. 2016. Soil Phosphorus Trends in the Lake Erie Region. Better Crops 100(2):4‐9
Approaches to recognition of crop nutrition impact on ecosystem services• 4R certification• Counting 4R acres• Aggregate data related to 4R practices• Models of nutrient loss• Water quality trading• Carbon trading
It begins with 4R… but more is needed.
Optimum N rate is similar for yield & soil organic matter
Adapted from Poffenbarger et al., 2017. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172293
Ecological Intensification• 41 site‐years• Ecological Intensification versus Farmer Practice
• EI = higher yields + NUE• USA ‐ IA, MN, IN • Africa, Argentina, Brazil, China, Russia, India
• 40% of sites ↑ yield• 17% ↑yield + ↑NUE• To increase yield + NUE, need 4R PLUS cropping system management
1. Initiated 2013 (funds) ‐ 2014 (projects.2. Pledge of $7M over 5 years. 3. Five meta‐analyses completed.4. Supported metric development with Field to Market.5. Ongoing projects in USA:
1. Lake Erie Watershed P load reduction – Kevin King (4RN09)2. Kansas P runoff monitoring – Nathan Nelson (4RN26)3. Late N application for modern corn hybrids – Tony Vyn (4RN25)4. Nitrate‐Nitrogen Loss in Tile Drainage – Matt Helmers (4RN16)
6. 11+ projects in Canada7. Prospects for a second 5‐year round of support
http://research.ipni.net/
4R Research Fund Projects
N
Global Forages Group
N Amer
China
S Asia
Aus N Zea
Mex C Amer
N Latin Amer
S Cone
BrazilSS Afr
SE Asia
N Afr
Rus E Europe
Mid East
Shared data
Shared vision
Shared scientific literature
Shared experience
Shared expertise
Shared contacts
Networks
Shared solutions
Shared ideas
IPNI: More than a collection of regions
Shared industry support
A unique global collaborative
Summary
1. Crop nutrition is crucial to sustainable development. Ecosystem services include human nutrition.
2. Engaging the food supply chain through sustainability organizations offers huge opportunity to communicate progress.
3. The crop nutrition industry has increased its support for science. To ensure it continues, need to demonstrate ROI for the ecosystem services supported.