Immigration in mid-1800sImmigration in mid-1800s

• Emigrant:Emigrant:

• Someone who leaves a countrySomeone who leaves a country

• Immigrant:Immigrant:

• Someone who comes to a countrySomeone who comes to a country

Push and Pull FactorsPush and Pull Factors• Push Factors:Push Factors:• Causes that “push” or force people away Causes that “push” or force people away

from a country (emigration)from a country (emigration)• Examples?Examples?• Population growth, Agricultural Rev, crop Population growth, Agricultural Rev, crop

failures, Industrial Rev, Religious & failures, Industrial Rev, Religious & Political PersecutionPolitical Persecution

• Pull Factors:Pull Factors:• Causes that “pull” people to a certain Causes that “pull” people to a certain

country (immigration)country (immigration)• U.S. Examples?U.S. Examples?• Freedom, Economic Opportunity, Land!, Freedom, Economic Opportunity, Land!,

Gold!Gold!

Ireland & GermanyIreland & Germany

• Ireland “Potato Famine”: crop failure Ireland “Potato Famine”: crop failure widespread hunger and death widespread hunger and death– British Govt. gave no aidBritish Govt. gave no aid– English landlords evicted 100,000s for English landlords evicted 100,000s for

no rentno rent– 2 million Irish emigrated 1845-1860 2 million Irish emigrated 1845-1860

(most went to U.S., Canada, Australia)(most went to U.S., Canada, Australia)

• GermanyGermany– Restrictive EconomyRestrictive Economy– 1848 – failed revolution & political 1848 – failed revolution & political

persecutionpersecution

Sailing the Atlantic OceanSailing the Atlantic Ocean

• Took 1-2 months to get to U.S. portsTook 1-2 months to get to U.S. ports

• Wealthy travelers: State roomsWealthy travelers: State rooms– Good VentilationGood Ventilation– Captain dined with passengersCaptain dined with passengers

• Poor travelers: SteeragePoor travelers: Steerage– Had to cook food themselvesHad to cook food themselves– Little time allowed in fresh airLittle time allowed in fresh air– Overcrowding, rats, poor food, abuse, Overcrowding, rats, poor food, abuse,

diseasedisease

HandoutsHandouts

1.1. Review Answers to Questions on Review Answers to Questions on Immigration ChartsImmigration Charts

2.2. Read Lazarus Poem on Statue of Read Lazarus Poem on Statue of LibertyLiberty

3.3. Read Know Nothing PlatformRead Know Nothing Platform4.4. List several contrasts in the different List several contrasts in the different

views toward immigrationviews toward immigration5.5. Answer the Questions on the Know Answer the Questions on the Know

Nothing PartyNothing Party

NativismNativism• What was Nativism?What was Nativism?• An anti-immigration movementAn anti-immigration movement• The policy of favoring native inhabitants The policy of favoring native inhabitants

over new immigrantsover new immigrants• What is discrimination?What is discrimination?• The unjust or prejudicial treatment of The unjust or prejudicial treatment of

certain groups of peoplecertain groups of people• Which immigrant groups face Which immigrant groups face

discrimination today in the U.S.?discrimination today in the U.S.?• Why do you think discrimination exists? Why do you think discrimination exists?

Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party• What was their platform?What was their platform?

– Resist Catholic Church policiesResist Catholic Church policies– Resist foreign influences on our RepublicResist foreign influences on our Republic– Place in office only native-born ProtestantsPlace in office only native-born Protestants– Protect the ConstitutionProtect the Constitution

• Who was attacked by the platform?Who was attacked by the platform?• Catholics and new immigrantsCatholics and new immigrants• How does their platform contrast to the How does their platform contrast to the

inscription on the Statue of Liberty?inscription on the Statue of Liberty?• If their platform were law, would it be If their platform were law, would it be

constitutional today?constitutional today?• No. 14No. 14thth Amendment Equal Protection clause Amendment Equal Protection clause

says: “No state shall….deny to any person….the says: “No state shall….deny to any person….the equal protection of the laws.”equal protection of the laws.”

Know Nothing PartyKnow Nothing Party

• Why did they call themselves the Know Why did they call themselves the Know Nothings?Nothings?

• Secretive due to illegal activities; Members said “I Secretive due to illegal activities; Members said “I know nothing.”know nothing.”

• Where did the party have most support in Where did the party have most support in 1855?1855?

• NortheastNortheast• Where did the party have least support in Where did the party have least support in

1855?1855?• West (except CA)West (except CA)• Why didn’t the party survive beyond the Why didn’t the party survive beyond the

1850s?1850s?• Slavery disagreements and Civil WarSlavery disagreements and Civil War

Discrimination against the IrishDiscrimination against the Irish

• Why do you think the Irish were Why do you think the Irish were targeted for discrimination more than targeted for discrimination more than the Germans in the 1850s?the Germans in the 1850s?

• Largest group of new immigrantsLargest group of new immigrants

• Catholic (in contrast to Protestant Catholic (in contrast to Protestant majority)majority)

Nativist Political CartoonsNativist Political Cartoons

• Skill: Identify assumptionsSkill: Identify assumptions• Examine the political cartoonsExamine the political cartoons• Identify examples of prejudice in each Identify examples of prejudice in each

cartoon (prejudice is a negative opinion of a cartoon (prejudice is a negative opinion of a group of people, which is not based on group of people, which is not based on facts)facts)

• Explain the message of each cartoon.Explain the message of each cartoon.• How do you think this cartoon would be How do you think this cartoon would be

received by people today?received by people today?• Have you seen examples of prejudice Have you seen examples of prejudice

today?today?