ilws science in the solar system

Solar System Missions Division

ILWS Science in the Solar System

Hermann J. Opgenoorth Solar System Missions Division

Research and Science Support DepartmentESA - ESTEC


Ulysses Milestones

• Launch: 6 Oct 1990 by space shuttle Discovery

• Polar Passes:

1994 (south) / 1995 (north)

2000 (south) / 2001 (north)

2006/7 (south) / 2007/8 (north)

• End of Prime Mission: 30 Sep 1995

• ESA Extensions of Scientific Operations:

Jun 1993 SPC: 1 Oct 1995 – 31 Dec 2001 (6.2 yrs)

Jun 2000 SPC: 1 Jan 2002 – 30 Sep 2004 (2.75 yrs)

Feb 2004 SPC: 1 Oct 2004 – 31 Mar 2008 (3.5 yrs)


Ulysses 3rd round over the sun’s poles


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SOHO - our eye on the Sun

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10 Years of SOHO

• > 2500 refereed papers by

• > 2300 scientists • > 140 Ph.D. theses• > 1000 comets• > 2,000,000 command

blocks sent to the spacecraft

• > 100,000,000 exposures MDI

• > 16 TB in SOHO archive• > 85 TB of data served • > 275,000,000 web page

requests served


SOHO’s Future

• Current mission extension until 12/2009

• Joint programs with HINODE and STEREO

• 08/2008: Launch of “next-generation SOHO”: SDO

• 2009: cross-calibration of MDI/EIT with SDO

• > 2010: reduced automated mission (Bonus/Bogart mission)

(coronagraphs, TSI,…)


magnetopause

cusplobe

magnetosheath

solarwind

plasma sheet

bow shock

Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: daysidedayside

February


magnetopause

cusp lobe

magnetosheath

solarwind

plasma sheet

bow shock

Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: nightsidenightside

September


Cluster milestones

• Cluster I launched by Ariane 5 (failure): 4 June 1996

• Cluster II first Launch: 16 July 2000 by Soyuz Fregat (first ESA spacecraft from Baikonour)

• Second launch: 10 August 2000 by Soyuz Fregat

• End of Prime Mission: 1 February 2003

• First extension: 1 Feb. 2003 - 31 Dec. 2005 + full orbit coverage

• Cluster active archive startup: Feb 2003

• 2nd extension: 1 Jan. 2006 - 31 Dec. 2009 (mid-term review end 2007)

2001

2008-2009


10

100

1000

10000

100000

Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07

Date

Inter-spececraft distance (Km)

C1,C2,C3C3,C4

cusptail

C1

C2

C3

C4

d

Separation distances changed every 6 Separation distances changed every 6 monthsmonths

50km!

“Multiscale”

ESA Support to Hinode

• ESA, in sub-contractual collaboration with the Norwegian Space Centre, provides

one additional downlink contact to Solar-B for each of the 15 orbits per day

• This support considerably improves the overall scientific data return and the cadence of

observations from the Solar-B mission

• The European scientific community is

catered with processed data through

a dedicated Solar B data centre

at the University of Oslo

• MoU with JAXA

• two European members on the Hinode

SWT were appointed this spring.


Reasons: Possibility to track all 15 orbits per day Antenna redundancy, and also strongNorwegian interest in the mission.

Svalbard Ground Station for Hinode


Aurora at Earth Jupiter Saturn


Mars plasma environment

• ASPERA

Characterisation of the planetary wind composition (atomic & molecular O+ )

away from the solar wind.Solar wind scavenging of the

atmosphere down to 270 km altitude, representing a major mechanism in neutral atmospheric degassing and past climate change.

Planetary heavy ions accelerated up to very high energies.

For the first time, ”radiation” of fast atoms is observed at Mars.

Current escape rate of Martian

atmosphere (solar minimum).

Solar wind Planetary

wind

≈100 ton/day

Planetary wind (O+)


VENUS - Express :VENUS - Express :

Plasma environment seen Plasma environment seen by ASPERA and MAGby ASPERA and MAG

B

e-

i+

BSMagnetosheath

BS

SW SW

IPIP IPIPInduced

Magnetosphere


Bepi ColomboTwo satellites to

Mercury’s magnetosphere

18

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European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

Major ESA Support or ESA – led Modest ESA Support

Strong ESA/SCI endorsement

1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source

Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter BC–MMO SolarSent.

Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (MoO)Stereo grnd. stat

L1 mission(s)Solar - ISS Proba - 2

2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition

Swarm To be identifiedDemeterRavens

2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion

Cluster / DSP extensionM 3 development

NLM’scandidates tbi

OrbitalsFrisbeeNational Multi-Sats

3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.

_ TSI M of Opp / C-PhPicard & Earthshine

_

4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models

Cluster Active Archive (CAA)

SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt

Model and Theory Space Weather / GB

European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

Major ESA Support

or ESA – ledModest ESA Support

Strong ESA/SCI endorsement

1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source

Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter <==BC–MMO SolarSent.

Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (Soho B Miss.) <===Stereo grnd. Stat

L1 mission(s)> KuaFu ASolar - ISS (D/HME) == Proba - 2

2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition

Swarm To be identified

DemeterRavens -> KuaFu B

2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion

Cluster / DSP extensionCross-Scale (CV15-25)

NLM’s (?)candidates tbi

Orbitals -> RBSP ?Frisbee (?)Natnl. Multi-Sats(?)

3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.

SOHO Bonus <== Mission (TSI)

TSI - Mission of Opp. Earthshine (?)

Picard (CNES)

4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models

Cluster Active Archive (CAA)

SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt

Model and Theory Space Weather / GB

ESA - EOP Living Planet 3-satellite mission to study core dynamics and geodynamo processes, crustal magnetisation, and ocean circulation from low Earth orbit. Ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems and magnetic forcing of the upper atmosphere need to be derived and taken care of - “one man’s noise is another man’s data” Selected by Earth Obs. Program Board for Launch in 2009 (now 2010) Electric Field Instrument (Ion Drift Meter) provided by CSA in collaboration with ESA Science Programme For optimisation of GEOSPACE science capabilities an additional electron instrument “Conducto-meter” was discussed - but not achieved Science operation and data products will be organised and shared between D/EOP and D/SCI (Definition process soon to be initiated)

ILWS Future Missions - SWARM


PROBA - 2 ESA Technology Demonstrator

Project for On-Board Autonomy within ESA D/TECSuccessor of PROBA1 (launched in 2001, dedicated to Earth observation)

ESA mission with Belgium as lead funder (through GSTP)

Prime contractor: Verhaert Design & Devl. (Belgium)

Schedule: development 2003-2006 and launch 2008 into an LEO 06-18 Sun-synchronous orbit

Following a proposal to the ESA NLM programme the Proba-2 science operation has been «adopted« for a 2 year mission duration by the May 2006 SPC meeting - at a cost of 2.8 Meuro for ESA.


Solar Orbiter Next major Solar and Heliospheric mission ESA ILWS flagship

2015 - 2025

Now with theInner

HeliosphericSentinels

24

SENTINELSReport of the Science and

Technology Definition Team

available at http://sentinels.gsfc.nasa.gov


ESA’s Cosmic Vision, 2015-2025

Themes:1. What are the conditions for life and planetary formation?2. How does the Solar System work?

• From the Sun to the edge of the Solar System

(including the “hierarchy of scales” in plasma-physical processes)

• Gaseous Giants and their Moons

• The Building Blocks of the Solar System: Asteroids and Small Bodies

3. What are the fundamental laws of the Universe?4. How did the Universe originate and what is it made of?


ESA’s Cosmic Vision, 2015-2025

Call issued in March 2007, Input due June 28 2007

Outlook from received Letters of Intent: In total 9 proposals in realm of ILWS expected (all M Class)

5 Solar missions already listed in Solar TG report2 Magnetospheric1 “IT” mission in margin of IT TG interest1 Heliospheric missions (with long time frame)

Downselection into 6 out of 64 expected proposals in 2007Downselection into 2 flight opportunities - 1 M & 1 L Class after 2 years of competitive study in 2009/2010Followed be AO for new slice of CV 2015-2025 “programme”.(formally there will be no programmatic approach…)


Other ESA News

Science Programme Review Team (SPRT)

Ongoing Plans to create Opportunities for Collaborations

Reorganisation of RSSD &New Science Operation Scheme

Bilateral Meetings in 2007 NASA, JAXA still to come: China, Russia

ilws science in the solar system

Documents

class5 solar missions

solar system work

esa science programme

major solar

solar systemincluding

esa nlm

esa dtecsuccessor of

realm of ilws