il progetto spes: un acceleratore di fasci radioattivi a legnaro
DESCRIPTION
Il progetto SPES: un acceleratore di fasci radioattivi a Legnaro. per informazioni ulteriori. http://www.lnl.infn.it/~spes/TDR2008/executive_summary_2008.pdf. Research with exotic nuclei (extreme N/Z ratio). Nuclear-Structure Physics Nuclear Astrophysics Fundamental Interactions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Il progetto SPES:
un acceleratore di fasci radioattivi a Legnaro
http://www.lnl.infn.it/~spes/TDR2008/executive_summary_2008.pdf
per informazioni ulteriori
• What are the limits for existence of nuclei?• How do weak binding and extreme proton-neutron asymmetry affect nuclear properties? • How to built complex nuclei from their basic constituents?• What is the origin of the elements?• ....
Research with exotic nuclei(extreme N/Z ratio)
Nuclear-Structure Physics Nuclear Astrophysics
Fundamental InteractionsApplications
Radioactive Beams Physics
Neutron-richbeams
Element formation beyond iron involve rapid neutron capture and radioactive decay Element formation beyond iron involve rapid neutron capture and radioactive decay
Origin of the elements heavier than iron
Despite many years of
intensive effort, the r-process site
and the astrophysical
conditions continues to be
an open question.
Element formation in r-process: quenching of shell-structure?
Pfeiffer et al., Z. Phys. A357 (1997) 235
Experimenlal Signatures:
Energies of the excited levels
Nucleon Separation energies
Transition matrix elements
Shell evolutionShell evolution
New Density DistributionsProtonNeutron
Neutron skin
r
Neutron halo
r
p/n decoupling
Stable Nucleus
r
Neutron Star
Lead Nucleus
crust
skin
10 km
10 fm
Both neutron skin and neutron star crust are made out of neutron rich matter at similar densities.
Neutron-rich matter and neutron skins
A Mid-term ISOL Facility for the production of n-rich beams by
the fission of Uranium target
Neutron Rich Neutron Rich IsotopesIsotopes
A: 80-160 A: 80-160
RIB INTENSITY:107-109 rare ions/s on the experimental target
238U(UCx)
Fission fragments
Experiments
1013 f/s
SPES -RIB facilitySPES -RIB facility
Primary beam Power on target
target Fission
s-1
Reaccelerator
AMeVAMeV
A=130, A=130,
20+20+
132132SnSn
raterate
ISOLDE p 1-1.4 GeV - 2 A 0.4 KW Direct 4·1012 Linac 3 107
HRIBF p 40 MeV 10 A 0.4 KW Direct 4·1011 Tandem
25MV4 2·105
SPIRAL C-Kr 95 AMeV 6 KW Direct Cyclotron
TRIUMF p 450 MeV 70 A 17 KW Direct SC Linac
CRC UCL p 30 MeV 300 A 9 KW Direct Cyclotron
EXCYT 13C 45 AMeV 0.5 KW Direct Tandem
15MV
A review of the ISOL facilities in the worldA review of the ISOL facilities in the world
HIE
ISOLDE upgradeDirect 4·1012 SC Linac 5-10 2·108
HRIBFup-grade
p 54 MeV 20 A 1.8KW Direct 1012 Tandem
25MV4 5·105
SPIRAL2 d 40 MeV 5mA 200 KW Convert. 1014 Cyclotron 6 2·109
SPES p 40 MeV 200 A 8 KW Direct 1013 SC Linac 10 3·108
Cyclotron: protons 70 MeV 0.75mA
High Resolution Mass Selector 1/20000
SC RFQ PIAVE
TRASCO RFQ: protons 5MeV 25mA
Neutron Facility: BNCT – LENOSThermal neutrons 109 n cm-2 s-1
Fast neutrons 1014 n s-1
Direct Target 1013 f s-1 Mass Separator (on HV platform 250KV)
Charge Breeder (200KW) installed over HV platform (250KV)
Cryopanel
SC Linac ALPI
General SPES layout
The SPES main components
1 - Driver
2 - Target-Ion Source
3 - Beam Transport-Selection
Cyclotron 70 MeV protons 750 A
Direct target, UCx disks, 1013 fissions/sec
Surface Ion Source ,FEBIAD and RILIS Ion sources
High-resolution mass spectrometer1/20000
ECR charge breeder 132Sn26+
the present, PIAVE-ALPI accelerator with improved performances
4 - Charge Breeder
5 - Reaccelerator
1
2
3
3
4
5
IBA C70 characteristics: • Diameter < 4m • Weight > 120t• Magnetic Gap: 30mm• Magnetic field: 1.55T• Extraction Radius: 1.2m• 2 exit ports
SPES design
• Particles: H- / D- / He2+/ HH+
• Variable Energy : 15 MeV 70 MeV
• extraction Systems: Stripper H- / D-
Deflector He2+/ HH+
• Performances: 750µA H- 70MeV : 35µA He2+ 70MeV
The driver cyclotron
IBA C70 cyclotron
SPES target
UCx discs Graphite containerTantalum Heather
- - MULTIPLE UCX SLICESMULTIPLE UCX SLICES : increase the surface radiation area: increase the surface radiation area (P= (P= εε··σσ·S· T·S· T44 Stefan-Boltzmann lawStefan-Boltzmann law))
- GRAPHITE DUMP- GRAPHITE DUMP : : stops protons with low fission rate & high stopping power valuestops protons with low fission rate & high stopping power value
Basic ideas:
Fission efficiency 100p per 1.5 Fission FragmentsPower density in UCx = 70W/gr
Proton Beam
200A 40 MeV
8kWExotic beam: 1+
Stopping Power & Fission Cross Section f or p-> UCx
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
Proton Energy (MeV)
Barn
& M
eV/d
g*cm
2.
Fission Cross Section
Stopping PowerDump: graphite
Target: UCx (30gr)Target: UCx (30gr)
UCx disks 4cm diaTotal wheight 30gr
1013 fissions/sec
SPES Target Activities
Sub-TASK2: Sub-TASK2: Material DevelopmentMaterial Development
- Carbide productions
- Carbide characterizations
- New porous material
- New characterization methods
Sub-TASK1: Sub-TASK1: Mechanical DevelopmentMechanical Development
- Thermo-Mechanical Calculation
- Handling Calculation
- CAD mechanical drawings
- Development of target prototypes
- Front- end & new devices
20 40 60 80 100
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
§ * **
*
**** *
**
*
*
Inte
nsity
2
*
* UC2 pdf # 84-1344
§
§ Graphite pdf #
1
MNMX
XY
Z
Target SPES
.797E+07.291E+08
.502E+08.714E+08
.925E+08.114E+09
.135E+09.156E+09
.177E+09.198E+09
FEB 11 200723:44:17
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=1SUB =1TIME=1SEQV (AVG)DMX =.571E-03SMN =.797E+07SMX =.198E+09
Sub-TASK3: Sub-TASK3: Ion Source DevelopmentIon Source Development
- Laser tests at Pavia lab
LaC pellets: Final LaC pellets: Final SPES dimensionSPES dimension
The SPES The SPES Ion SourcesIon SourcesIonization schema with a Surface ionizer coupled to a Laser beam
Hot surface
Atom Ion
Surface ionization
Ionization energy< 5-6 eV
Ground state
Ground state
continuum
Conductive bandFermi energy
Hot surfaceWork function
Ion
Laser ionization
Atom
laser
Ionization energy
< 9 - 10 eV
Ground state
continuum
Excited states
Laser beam
Laser source development: INFN-Laser source development: INFN-PaviaPavia
Protons 70MeV 300 A on UCx targetAmbient dose equivalent [Sv/h]in the target hall and shielding walls around.
LNL Radiation Prot. Serv. L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos
vertical
horizontal
UCx
tantalum
FLUKA simulations
Radiation protection
20 m
HRMS
CBMS
Charge Breeder(HVplatform 250kV)
TIS – RF Cooler - WienFilter(60kV extraction + 200kV platform)
8 m15 m
cryopanel
1/20000
1/2500
43 m
Radioactive Ion Beam transport lines
High Resolution Mass Separator
Second stage of the EXCYTisobaric mass separator
Project name EXCYT SPES
Number of dipoles 2 2
Bending Angle 90° 110°
Bending radius 2.6 m 2.6 m
Entrance/exit angle 12.8° 32°
Magnetic field range 0.6 - 4.4 kGauss 1.0 - 4.4 kGauss
beam size at analysis slits 0.4 mm 0.4 mm
Teta acceptance 40 mrad 40 mrad
(x,x’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 4 mm.mrad
Y beam size 2 mm 2 mm
Phi acceptance 10 mrad 10 mrad
(y,y’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 5 mm.mrad
Resolving power >15.000 >20.000
Dispersion 16 m 28 m
Comparison of the main parameters of the EXCYT and the SPESmass spectrometer.SPES HRMS design
Charge Breeder For the SPES Progect ECR ION SOURCEECR ION SOURCE
•FULLY PERMANENT MAGNET @ 14 GHz
FPMS
•ROOM TEMPERATURE @ 14-18GHz
RTS
•HT SUPERCONDUCTING @ 18 GHz
HTS
•FULLY SUPERCONDUCTING @ >18 GHZ
FSS
SUPERNANOGAN BY PANTECHNIK
KEKCB @ TRIAC
PHDelis
BY
PANTECHNIK
LPSC Booster
Nb/ Cu spattered cavitiesNb/ Cu spattered cavitiesor bulk Nb cavitiesor bulk Nb cavities
ALPI superconductive Linac up-grade: Low Beta cavities Stronger Magnetic lenses
PIAVE upgrade for SPES- new bunching section- new diagnostics- new cryostats
The SPES neutron Facility
• 6/6 modules machined• RFQ1 and RFQ2 brazed and accepted• RFQ3 first brazing performed• All modules brazed within 2008
Installed and in operation at LNLTRIPS source: 30-50mA protons
TRASCO RFQ: 5 MeV High IntensityTRASCO RFQ: 5 MeV High Intensityproton accelerator proton accelerator >> 30mA 30mA(150kW beam power)(150kW beam power)
Neutron production based on High Intensity proton beam
171
cm
156.5 cm
187 cm
LiF (2.5 cm)
LiF (1 cm)
BeO
PbBeD 2
Bi
D2 O
th (E 0.4
eV)(cm-2s-1)
th total
Knth
(Gy·h-1)
Kn epi-fast
(Gy·h-1)
K
(Gy·h-1)K Kn tot
Kn (E>10 eV) /
th
(Gy·cm2)
K / th
(Gy·cm2)
Ref. > 1E+09 > 0.90 ≤ 2E-13 ≤ 2E-13
Fase-III 1.17E+09 0.99 0.70 0.0008 0.58 0.8 7.93E-16 1.38E-13
Excellent thermal neutron beamLow gamma field
Conversion target (Beryllium)Conversion target (Beryllium)
Exit portExit port
109 n cm-2s-1
Be target after test at 150 KW
Proton beam: 5MeV 30mAProton beam: 5MeV 30mA
0.84 MeV
1.47 MeV
γ11B 0.48 MeV (94% events)10Bn 11B
7Li*
4He
Neutron production reaction: 30mA, 5MeV p + Be
SPES-BNCT projectSPES-BNCT project
¤ Activation Facility (cw beam: I = 30mA)- n energy range = 1-300 keV- astrophysics interest (sTOT -> MACS)- neutron flux ~ 1010 n/s·cm2
- small radioactive samples: 1015 atoms/cm2 -> implantation of SPES RIBs (2 weeks)
Neutron production: Neutron production: 77Li(p,n)Li(p,n)
Degradatore di Energia Bersaglio di litio
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.10.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05 SRIM 2008 Gaussian fitting (E
p= 1.72 ± 0.09 MeV)
dN
/dE
(a
rb. u
nits
)
Proton energy (MeV)
4.4 % of protons above threshold
Selettore di fascioFiltro di Wien
Possibile produzione bersaglio con fascio SPES
~5% fascio primario
~ 2mA
Spettro neutroni stellari 1010 n/s·cm2
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 3900.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
Neutron Energy (keV)dN
n/d
E
Maxwellian at 30 keV LENOS Neutron Spectrum
Fascio protoni 30-50 mA
Bersaglio in studio
Pierfrancesco Mastinu
An irradiation facility to fulfill the increasing demand of high-flux neutron beams, meetingthe needs of a large National and International community for studies related to several Interdisciplinary fields, from Astrophysics to bio-medicine, from development of new detectors and electronics to material research.
The LENOS facility The LENOS facility
LNL Director: G.Puglierin
LNS Director: M.Lattuada
Advisory Committee
SPES Working Group
Steering Committee
Project Leader: G.Prete
Technical Coordinator: A.PisentScientific Coordinator: A.CovelloQualified Expert: D.Zafiropoulos
Task LeadersProject manager
Management board
SPES project organization
La Rana, Pirrone, Colonna, Million, Bruno, Lunardi, Corradi, Casini, Cuttone, Alba
Safety & Control, Infrastructure, TIS, RIB manipulation, pDriver, Re-acc, Neutron Facility, Scientific Support
SPES Economic plan kEuro
Infrastructures RIB 12340
Target (2 stations) 5900
Beam Transfer 7650
Cyclotron 8400
Re-accelerator upgrade 7000
41290
Infrastructures NeutronFacility 3744
High Intensity Linac 3632
Neutron Facility BNCT - LENOS 3330
10706
total 51996
To be developed with external fundings
SPES first priority
2 Meuro 16 Meuro 14 Meuro 11 Meuro
2006
2008
2009 2010
2011
2012
2013
RIB’s Buildings
Cyclotron with safety and infrastructures
Proton beam transport
Target Ion Source (TIS) for RIB
Low Beta ALPI upgrade
TIS safety and infrastructures for UCx
ChargeBreeder
RIB reacceleration
Second TIS
HRMS 1/20000
Pulsed Beam on reaccelerator
SPES funding
phase 1
phase 2 phase 3
SPES SCHEDULESPES SCHEDULE2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Facility design
First Target and ion source
Second target and ion source
Authorization to operate
Building construction
Target installation and commissioning
Completion of RFQ for Neutron Facility
Installation and commissioning Neutron Facility
Cyclotron construction
Cyclotron Installation and commissioning
Alpi preparation for post acceleration
Installation of RIBs transfer lines and spectrometer
Complete commissioning
Second priority
Critical timing
INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro: A.Andrighetto, M.Barbui, G.Bassato, A.Battistella, G.Bisoffi, E.Brezzi, M. Calviani, S.Canella, D.Carlucci, S.Carturan, M.Cavenago, F.Cervellera, R.Cherubini, M.Cinausero, M.Comunian, P.Colautti, L.Corradi, L.Costa, A.Dainelli, G.de Angelis, A.D’Este, J.Esposito, P.Favaron, E.Fagotti, E.Fioretto, M.Giacchini, F.Gramegna, F. Grespan, P.Ingenito, A.Lombardi, M.Lollo, G.Maggioni, G.Martin Hernandez, P.Mastinu, P.Modanese, M.F.Moisio, D.Napoli, A.Palmieri, R.Pegoraro A.Pisent, M.Poggi, A.Porcellato, P.A.Posocco, J.Praena, G.Prete, G.Puglierin, M.Rigato, V.Rizzi, C.Roncolato, Y.Shengquan, S.Stark, A.M.Stefanini, M.Tonezzer, D.Zafiropoulos
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania: L.Calabretta, L.Celona, F.Chines, L.Cosentino, G.Cuttone, P.Finocchiaro, S.Gammino, M.Lattuada, G.E.Messina, M.Re, D.Rizzo, A. DiPietro
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Padova: S.Beghini, L. De Nardo, P.Mason, M.Mazzocco G.Montagnoli, F.Scarlassara, G.F. Segato, C.Signorini, S.Lenzi
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Torino: G.Pollarolo
INFN Sezione di Bari: V.Variale, N. Colonna
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Pavia: P.Benetti
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Napoli: G. La Rana, A. Covello, A. Gargano, D. Pierroutsakou
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Firenze: G. Casini
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Bologna: M. Bruno, M. D’Agostino
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Milano: B. Million, G. Colò
INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Catania: S. Pirrone,
SPES Working group: INFN
University of Padova
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica: L. Biasetto, P. Colombo, M. Manzolaro, G. Meneghetti,
Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Costruzioni e Trasporti: V.
Salomoni, C. Majorana
Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche: P. Di Bernardo, P. Zanonato, L. Piga
ENEA, Bologna: C. Antonucci, S. Cevolani, C. Petrovich, R. Tinti
LASA,Milano: C. De Martinis
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, University of Trento: I. Cristofolini, M. De Cecco, R. Oboe
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare, University of Palermo: G. Vella, E. Tomarchio, S. Rizzo, P. Guarino
SPES working Group: Italian Insitutions
Sezione di PadovaSezione di Padova
EXOTIC GAMMA PRISMA
Esperimenti legati alla Fisica di SPES
Il gruppo EXOTIC ha collaborato al gruppo di studio
sullo spettrometro ad alta risoluzione.
P-40 MeV 0.2 mA
238U target +20 kV
Low massresolution selection
High massresolution selection
On -60 kV plat
X+1
Charge breederOn +20kV
X+nBunching
RFQ
PIAVESRFQ
ALPI
RFQ-DTL
P-40 MeV 0.2 mA
238U target +250 kV
Low massresolution selection
High mass resolution selection
X+1
Charge breederOn +250kV
X+nPIAVESRFQ
ALPI
RFQ-DTLSeparation between
high and low radiation zones
Separation between high and low
radiation zones
layout della linea di
trasporto e di selezione
EXOTIC
AGATAAGATAGAMMA
Next generation spectrometer based on gamma-ray tracking4 germanium array
No suppression shieldsVery high efficiency and spectrum quality
For radioactive beams facilities such as SPES, SPIRAL2, FAIR
The Heavy-Ion Magnetic Spectrometer
PRISMA is a magnetic spectrometer for heavy ions installed at Legnaro, with very large solid angle (80 msr), wide momentum acceptance (10 %) and
good mass resolution (1/300)F.Scarlassara, S.Beghini, P.Mason, G.Montagnoli
Univ. di Padova and INFN - Sezione di Padova
+ LNL , Univ. e Sezioni INFN di Napoli e Torino
Il gruppo PRISMA padovano ha in programma nel prossimo futuro di indagare le possibilita` che lo spettrometro potrebbe offrire usando i fasci radioattivi che saranno prodotti da SPES. Le caratteristiche di PRISMA ne fanno uno strumento ideale per l'uso con fasci esotici. In ambito SPES e' in fase di perfezionamento un accordo di collaborazione con ISOLDE (CERN), ove si intende costruire uno spettrometro simile. Il gruppo PRISMA di Padova si sta occupando dell'utilizzo dello spettrometro in “gas-filled mode”, che consente di misurare a zero gradi in particolare reazioni di fusione; questo sviluppo riguarda soprattutto il “dopo-Agata” e l’utilizzo di fasci prodotti da SPES.
PRISMA
Sezione di PadovaSezione di Padova
Il progetto SPES, per poter essere realizzato, ha bisogno del contributo delle Sezioni INFN, ad esempio in terminidi lavori di officina.
La sezione di Padova può quindi contribuire a costruire partidel progetto (esempio: separatore di massa ad alta risoluzioneprevisto nella terza fase) con la sua officina meccanica.
The INFN Legnaro Laboratory