rnUdnc D+r rrec rrtiNc *O*,g_*_*,.

( Luu hdnh nhi bO )

i#'&&'&in'

PIIUTTIO

- ! - -

I UNG xuAN Ar oSumUHo oANo euANG vtNH, mUNo odr Nu6c od m6t

cnlu rnAcu umpn'r xu,{r nAnTS' L6 Xuin Trudng

rrEu rnu6ltc rnuoNG oAl HQc H0NG vuoNG

nnn nrtn r,i'r

PGS.TS.Cao Van . 'Tru0ng ban

ThS. Dnng Van Huong 'P.TB' thu ki

NGUT. Nguy6n Hung ' Uj) vi6n

ThS. Cao Ven Thinh ' Ui viOn

NCS. Nguy6n Anh Tudn - Uf vi6n

ThS. D6 Tnng ' Uji vidn

CN. D6 Khdc Thanh ' - UY vi6n

MVcLpc

Bd truiimg B0 GD&DT Nguy6n Minh Hiin:

"Xin gi?i ldi chtlc tdt dep nhdt tdi c6c nh} gi{o"

ThS. Cao Van Thinh - Tho B6c Hd ca ngoiDing ta.

'thS. Cao Van Thinh ' Nguy6n ti6u (riimthring gi6ng) (r' bai thd hay, dgp vir mdi mii.

CN. Nguyrin Ngoc Cudng -

Tu hot- mot tu tudng l6n cfia Ch0 tlch Hd ChfMinh vd day hoc.

CN. Nguy0n Ngoc Cuimg - Trr trrcmg Hd ChiMinh v€ ddng bio cdc dan tOc mi€n n[i.

'l 'h.S DAng VAn lluong'Sinh vi€n nghiBncL'ru khoa hoc tao ra tidn dd cho viec tu hoc, tunghiin cttLr g6p phdn nAng cao chdt ludng daotao o dai hoc vit cao ding.

P(;S.'|'S. ('ao Van, TS. Hohng Toirn Thdng'TS. Pharn Dfc Chuung - NghiOn cuu s& dungngO I'lQ 2000 thay thd ngo thudng dd chtrn nuoigir thit lir lon thit.

NCS. Phanr Tudn Anh - Nhiing bien phdprich cuc hof hc thdng cau hoi - bei t4p dqc -

hiOu van bln Van hoi Trung hgc phd th6ng'

ThS. Ngul-dn 'fiin Mlnh - BOi ffOn cla

modun tren vinh dia Phuong.

ThS. Tricu Qui Hirng - Tdng hgp vl chuydnh6a mQt sd azometin ddy 5 - amino - 1 - etyl '2

t 1

22

- metylindol.

ThS. Drng V{n Huong- Tin hoet dong khoahoc vI quan hc quoc td

CN. Nguy6n Vrn Ki- Hrr6ng din thUc hiQncuoc van dQng " Dan chir - Kj'cuorg- Tinhthuong - Ttich nhi€m".

I

tlt

II

B0 rRudNc BO cD&Dr NGUYIN MrNH HrdN:

" xrN Gfr Lor cHUc 16r oep NHdT Tdr cAc runA ctAo"( Trich phdt bidu c a BQ trudng BQ GD&DT N guydn Minh lIidn tai 16 kj, ni€m ngdy nhd gidoVi|t

Nam 20-1 I vd ph,lt dQng thi dua chdo mttng nhftng ngdy 16 ldn t'ong ndm 2005).

. l. Ddp ung t6't hdn nhu cdu hqc tQp cfia

nhdn ddn: Tidp tuc tdng quy m0 gido duc; hodn

thicn he thdng gi6o duc theo hudng liOn th0ng,

md ra nhidu khA nlng vir co hOi hoc t0p khric

nhau cho thd h0 tr6 vh cho ngudi ltlnl dCy manh

xd hdi hori gi6o dqc, xay dung xe hOi hoc tip.

2-. Ndng cao rii ret chdt ltqtng vd hi|n

qnd gido drlc: Tgp trung ddi mdi m4nh mE hon

muc tiCu, ndi dung gido duc, d{c biet l} c6ch

day, crich hoc trong nhe trudng 6 t$t cA c6c c{p

hoc, b{c hgc; tang cudng cdc didu ki€n vd ddi

ngii girio vi0n, giing vien, co sA vat chdt ky

thuat theo hudng chudn ho6, hi0n dai ho6.

3. Thrc hiAn h'l hon nft.a cbng bdng xd

h)i: lJ'u tien phdt tridn gido duc virng ddng bio

dan toc, v ing kh6 khtrn: tao didu kiOn cho con

em ci{c gia dinh nghOo, con em <l6ng bdo dAn

toc thidu sd vh tr€ em bi thiet thdi duoc hoc tap.

4. Ddy mgnh hap tdc qudc tA' trong, gitio

duc: Tridn khai chidn lucrc day vi hgc ngoai

ngt trong he thdng girio duc qudc dAn; m& rdng

hirrh thfc du hoc tai ch6; x0y dung quan h0 vdi

ci4c trudng c6 uy tin d nudc ngoli; thu hrit ddu

tu nudc ngohi dd phrit tridn giiio duc.

5. Ndng cao hiQrt luc, hiQu quti qutin ly

gido dtlc: X6c dinh 16 trdch nhi0m cira ctic co

quan quin lf gido duc; c6i tidn c6ng tdc quan

lf, didu hanh, thuc hi€n cii cr{ch h)nh chinh;

tap trung vho chrlc ndng quin lf Nh) nudc, l{y

vi€c quin l! chdt luong lhm nhi0m vu tron€;

tam; ttrng cudng quyen ldrn chlr v] tr6ch nhi0m

xd hoi cfia ciic trudng; ddi mdi vd tiurg cudng

cong tdc thanh tra gi6o duc,

6m nay, BQ GD&DT, Ban Khoa gi6o

Trung uong, COng dohn gi:io duc Vi0t

Nam, HQi cuu gi6o cht?c Vi0t Nam

phdi hop td chrlc L6 ki ni0rn ngly Nhd girlo

Viet Nam vl phdt d6ng thi dua chdo mirng

nhiing ngly 16 ldn trong nlm 2005. Thay mat

cdc co quan, dotrn thd ddng td chrlc, t6i xin grli

tdi cdc nh| gi6o, cAc ddng chi crin b0 quin lf

gi6o dqc trong cdL nudc, hiQn dang giAng day vr)

cong tdc cting nhu dl nghi huu, nhfng ldi chric

mirng tdt dep nhdt.

Vdi dao lf udng nu6c nhd ngu6n, nghy

Nhd girio Vi€t Nam 20- I I htrng nam ld dip dd

cr4c thd h0 hoc trd ton vinh ciic thAy gi6o, c0

gi6o. Tiep nhAn tinh cim bidt on cfia c6c em

hoc sinh, sinh viOn, cric nhd gi6o v[ c6c cdn bO

quin lf gi6o duc hiOn nay clng thdm thia cOng

on cria c6c thdy gi6o, c0 gi6o thu0c cdc th€ h0

di trudc, trong d6 c6 cdc thdy,.cric c0 dd tlng

dhy cdng gi6o duc, rdn gifia cho minh, ddng

thdi ciing th{y 16 hon tr6ch nhiQm cfia chring toi

ddi vdi d{t nudc, ddi vdi c6c th6 h€ hoc sinh

h6m nay vd mai sau.

Tqi 16 kf niem trong thd nghy rrhi g i : io

Vi0t Nam, BQ GD&DT chinh thrlc phdt d6ng

ddt thi dua d4c biqt trong todn ngdnh girio duc,

phdt huy tdt truy€n thdng "Day tdt-hoc tdt",

ti0p tuc ddy m4nh cudc v{n dOng "Dan chfr - Kf

cuong - Tinh thuong - Tr6ch nhiQm", thidt thuc

lap thtrnh tich chdo mtng cdc ngdy 16 ldn trong

ndm 2005 vi Dai h6i Thi dua todn nginh gi6o

dqc ti6n t6i D4i hQi Thi dua todn qudc ldn thf

VII, nhlrn thuc hien 6 nhi€m vu trudc m6t md

Chinh phfr dA dat ra trong Biio cdo ve t)nh hlnh

girio duc trinh Qu6c hoi. Cu thd la:

Ciltinq lirc lzhot ho<: t6'.'l Trui'ag. (f)ui hor 7(ting '(htotttl

6.T'iing ctdng ndn ndlp kj cuong: KhEc

phuc tinh trang day them, hoc them trAn lan; tinh

trang vi pham c6c quy dinh trong gi6ng day, hoc

tap, trong kidm tra, thi cri, tuydn sinh, cdp ph6t vh

sfr dung van bing, chrlng chi, trong thu chi tai

chinh; ngan chin vl ddy liri c:ic tieu cuc xam

nhAp vdo nhd trubng vh cd quan gi6o duc.

Sau 8 nlm thuc hiQn Nghi quydt Trunguong 2 (khod VIII), 5 nam dua Lult Gi6o ducveo cuoc song va hon 3 ntrm tr idn khai thuchiQn Chidn lrrgc phr{t tridn girio duc 2001-2010, viQc Qudc hoi dirnh thdi gian t{p trungrhAo luan Bdo crio ve tinh hinh gi{o duc v} Drr6n Luat sue ddi, bd sung mOt s6 didu ciraLuarcido duc do Chinh ph[r tr'inh t+i k] hqpldn ndy ll nhilng su kien c6 f nghia hdt srlc sAus6c. Trong qud trinh chudn bi Br{o c6o vd Drr6n luat, cdc tAng l6p nh0n dAn trong xa hoi de

soi ndi d6ng g6p j kien xay dung bd sung c6cchri trrrong, chinh sdch. bifrr pluip dtji rntli virphdt t r idn ndn gir io duc rrr l t ic rrhir . . Nhf l rr ngirynhir gi6o Viet Natn, Uo t;f,l,9fn*Tt-il"itanthinh c6rn on c6c nhh gi6o, nhi khoa hoc, nhdhoat ddng xi hdi, cr{c btc cha nre hoc siuh, cltccd quan truydn th6ng dai c,hdng da thtrdngxuyOn quan tarn xay dung srr nghiQp girio ducthd he tr6. Chfing t6i tin tu0ng rdng, dudi sutlnh dao cira Ban chdp hinh Trung uong Ding,srr chi dao cfra .Qudc hdi vd Chinh phir, vdi suquan tam vi nhiet tinh tham gia xly dung ciraxi h0i, su n6 luc cria cdc nhd gi6o, cdc cdn b0quirn l;i giriro duc vir chc em hgc sinh, sinh vi0ntrong toin Nglnh, srl nghiep gi6o duc sdchuydn bi6n vi c6 nhlrng budc phrit tridn rndi,d6p f lg yOu cAu cia cOng cu0c cOng nghiOphori, hiOn dai h6a ddt nudc vir sg rnong m6i cria

Ding, Nhh nu6c vl Nhtn dlln.

z

THo BAc nd cn rucol oArucpnThS. Cao Vdtt Thinh' Khoa Klna ltoc Xd hdi vd N|tdrt vtlrt

-ff e" Hd, Ngudi s6ng lAp, rdn luyQn vd

I{Unrt dao Ding ta. Trong Ding,JJNgrrdi gifi chitc vg cao nhdt: Chritich Ban Chdp hinh Trung udng Dring. Khillm thd, Ngtibi ld chir thd trt tinh, tntc tidpbQc lQ f nghi, tinh cAm cria minh vd Td qu6'c,

v6'NhAn dAn, vd Ding. Ldi thd chinh li tdmldng thdm kin, ldi nhdn grli cira tAm hdn thisI v6i cuQc ddi. Dgc thd Bec, chring ta thdy16 tdm ldng, tinh cim ctra B6c d6'i v6i Tdqudc, cl6'i v6i tl6ng bdo, th6i dQ trdn trgng,yeu thudng con ngudi, tinh y6u thi6n nhi6n,ldng tin trr6ng, l4c quan, y6u tldi cira B6c.LdL ngudi lSnh dao cao nhdt nhrrng d6'i vdi t6'chiic Ding, Ngrrbi v6n c6 nhfing vdn thdthidt tha, ndng drrgm.

Tru6c hdt, Ngtrdi ca ngqi srl vi dai ctaDhng ta. Ngudi drla ra mQt so s6nh hinhinh dgp tl6 nhdt: "Ding ta vi dai nhrr bidnrOng nhrJ nrii cao". SU vi dai d6 lh to 16n v6cring. B6i vi Ding ta ld td chrlc ti6n phongcira giai cdp cdng nhAn Vi6t Nam, bao gdmnhtng con ngudi ti6n ti6n nhdt, mang stlmQnh thiGng li6ng l6nh d4o tohn dAn taditng l6n, gidnh dQc l{p, t{ do cho Td qu6'c,cho dAn tQc, giii ph6ng giai cdp, ti6n l6n xAydung chir nghia xd hQi vn chir nghia cQngsin.

Sg nghiQp vi dai tni6c ti6n cria DAngld giii ph6ng Td qudc, giii ph6ng dAn t6c.Tr6i qua 15 ndm, tinh tt ngiy ra tldi, Dingta lSnh dao nhAn dAn dflng cam, bC; bi,ttfng l6n ddu tranh, kh6ng sQ sring gudm,m6y chdm, tn dAy, chdt ch6c, ldm n6n kjc6ng C6ch mang Th6ng t6m lflp n6n nd6cVi6t Nam ddn chir c6ng hda, chin n6m saulai ldm n6n DiQn Bi6n Phri chdn dQng tliacdu, d6nh dudi thrrc dAn Ph6p xem luqc,gi6i ph6ng nrla ntldc thAn y6u. Khi tr8 l4ithnm P6c 86, ngdy 2Q th6,ng 2 ndm 1961, ldndi ldm viQc trong nhfing th6ng nhm dduti6n tr6 vd Td qudc, Ngrrli xric d6ng vidt:

"Hai mtdi nd.m trxdc 6 hang ndY

Ddng uach con dttitng &in6ffi re;

Ldnh dao tod.n d6'n ta chidn ddu

Non s6ng gdm u6c c6 rtgdy naY".

Ngdy dy, chinh B6c dd drr do6n, nhAndAn ta ph6i trAi qui m6t chqng drrdng dli15 nim chidn dA'u ddy gian khd hy sinh mdigiAnh itrigc todn thing. Ngdy 30-4-1975 nons6ng thu vd mQt m6'i. Bdc Nam sum hqp m6tnhd, th6a didu mong u6c ctra B6c vd ciratodn thd dAn tQc ta. Chidn c6ng vi d4i dy c6drroc li nhd D6ng ta 'V4ch con dridng" giAiph6ng, dd "Lhnh dqo todn ddn" dfng l6nchidn d{u ki6n cuing.

Ngdy nay, chring ta dd c6 tron vgn"Non s6ng gdm v6c" vd tlang xAy dung chinghla xd hQi. D6 ld kdt qui cria hon 71 nim"phdn tldu vd thing lqi bi6t bao nhi6u tinh'.C6i tinh cdt nhuc cia Ding v6i dAn, c6i tinhxridng m6u cia ddn d6'i v6i Ding, c6i tinhthty chung Nam B6c, c6i tinh dodn kdt cua54 ddn tdc anh em, c6i tinh hfiu nghi v6ibqn bd qudc t6, c6i tinh dm 6p ddng bdotl6ng chi cta hat mu6i chia hai, hat gao chiaba trong gian khd hy sinh, c6i tinh 16 ldnhctr)m 16 r6ch, c6i tinh thudng nhau lfr lut,han h6n, mdt mr)a, dOng ddt, bQnh tit 6mdau, c6i crit trong cudc s6'ng hda binh drlngxAy. Sri nghiQp c6ch mqng dy ld cria toinDing, todn dAn ta tr6n con dudng "phAnddu vd thing lgi" da c6 "bi6't bao nhi6u tinh"sinh ra, nh6n l6n cao dgp, trldi thfm mudnvirn.

Trong mQt Idi thd dai, BAc ca ngoi binchdt tu trrSng cria DAng ta:

"Edng ta ld dqo &lc Id. ud.n rninh

Ld. thdng nhdt, dQc IQp ld. hba binh dm no"

Chi hai ddng thd, B6c dr)ng ddn 4 hQtr} ld. Tru6c ti6n, Ding ta "ld dao dtC'. BAivi srr nghiQp cria D6ng ta rdt cao c6, tldutranh dd giii ph6ng d6n tQc, gi6i ph6ng giaicdp, gi6i ph6ng con ngudi kh6i xi6*ng xfch n616 cira chd d0 thUc ddn phong kidn, kh6i

Qhqrlt, !h, khou ltqc 16l .l Autu)zu1 1)ui hor 7(;inq ((huuttl

kidp sdng ngga trau, kh6i ngh6o nin, d6'tnet, t6'i tim, kh6ng nhfing ddi v6i nu6c ta,ddn ta, cdn tham gia giAi ph6ng c6c dAn t6ckh6c, nri6c kh6c, kh6i 6p bric, crlu hg tho6tkh6i hga di6t chirng. D6 ld nhAn dao nhdt,cirng li dao drlc nhdt md Ding ta dd ldmtnl6c <lAy, c6 hbm nay vd mai sau nrla.

Ding ta "ld vin minh", 6 ch6 kh6ngnhtng giAi ph6ng con ngudi me cdn xAydling con ngddi vin h6a, x6 h6i vdn h6a. TrId6 xAy drrng n6'n vdn minh cta thdi ctaim6i, tr6n cd sA tidp thu c6c n6h vdn h6a,vdn minh trong lich sll dAn t6c nhu ndn venh6a Son Vi, D6ng Son, n6'n vdn minh S6ngHdng dd xAy dgng "n6:n vdn h6a Vi6t Namti6n tidn, d{m dd bAn s6c dAn tQC', d6ngthdi x6y dgng ndn vhn minh xe hQi chirnghia. Hdn nfia, DAng ta li td chiic ti6n tidnnh{t, c6ch m4ng nhdt, tii khi thdnh lAplu6n tidp thu, truydn b6 nhfing tr.i tri6ng,thinh trru ti6n tidn nhdt, vin minh nhdtchuydn n6 thdnh hi6n thlic sinh d6ng tr6nddt nr.i6c ta.

Ddi v6i Td qu6'c vd ddn t6c sr,i nghidpcria Ding ta ld phdn ddu dd ddt nudc tadrroc thdng nhdt, dAn tdc ta dugc dQc l{p.TrAi qua 45 nim chidn ttdu ddy gian khd hysinh, drr6i s{ ldnh dao s6ng sudt cria Ding,chring ta mdi c6 "th6'ng nhdt c16c lAp" toinvgn. Nhung chring ta phii tiSp tuc phdn ddugifi vrlng "th6'ng nhdt, dQc l{p", tludng l6'ichidn lugc cria Ding drra ra trong hda binh:Vrla xdy dung chri nghia xE h6i vtia bAo vQTd qu6'c. Giil vfing dQc lfp dAn t6c, th6'ngr'L.dt ddt nrrdc dd tr8 thenh f thrlc hG cuatodn Ding, toin ddn ta.

Bin chdt trt tu6ng cira Ding ta "li hdabinh dm no". D6 cdn ld muc ti6u phdn dducria todn D6ng, toin dAn ta. D6ng ta lu6n c6kd s6ch dd duy tri n6'n hda binh, dn clinh,blng c6ch quan hQ da phriong, hdu nghi vditdt ca cec nd6c, c6c dAn t6c dd ctng chungsdng hda binh, gifr gin an ninh, trAt trl ddduy tri sg dn dinh. Phdn ddu kh6ng ngtng

dd drroc 'dm no" ld nhi6m vu cria todn D6ng,toAn dAn ta. Ding drta ra dtrdng l6'i, chinhs6ch phdn ddu cho dAn gidu nrr6c m4nh.

, . "l , .*_:t*o;,. ,"' . tLau oal la ouong lol cnlell ' luqc pnat [rlen

kinh t6n6ng nghiQp, c6ng nghiOp thfch hoplim cho n6'n kinh td tlng tni6ng manh,ddng thii tidn hdnh c6ng nghiQp h6a vdhiQn dqi h6a ddt nrrdc, h6i nhAp nO'n kinh tdthd gi6i, chri d6ng trong n6:n kinh td thitnrdng, tu tin bu6c vdo ndn kinh t€i tri thiic,dd nrrdc ta cing giiu dAn cdng mqnh. Tronghodn cinh hiQn tqi thuc hi6n cht tn.iong"x6a d6i gi6m nghdo", khuydn khich lingnghd truy6'n th6'ng vd tudng than tudng 6igidp dd nhau, dd ai ai ctng drrOc hanh phric,dm no.

Tr) 40 nnm tnJdc, thd B6c dd khdLngdinh:

"C6ng on Edng thdt ld to

Ba moi ndm lich st Ddng ld, cd m6tpho llch st b&ng ud.ng".

C6ng on Ding, tinh ddn ngdy nay tol6n hon nhidu ldn. Trai ?1 ndm hoat d6ngcta Ding lich sii ghi l4i ld rdt v6 vang. Thdid6 Bdc dd drta ra m6t so s6nh hinh inh qujgi6 nhdt: "ld ci pho lich sii bing vdng". 40ndm qua thfic hiQn ldi day cria B6c chring tadd th6m nhidu trang lich srl vdng cho pholich sit bdng vdng cia Ding ddy hdn, algp ddhon.

Dgc l4i nhfing vdn tho cria B6c ca ngqiDing quang vinh. Chring ta thdy m6t chirthd trt tinh ddgm tinh ngrrdi. D6'i v6i Dingta, B6c li m6t c6 thd c6 f thrlc, tr6ch nhiQmcao nhdt. Vi th6, B6c c6 mQt cAu thd rdt gdngfri, rdt cim d6ng, nhic ta khfc c6't ghixddng: "On DAng nhrr me nhu cha''.

Nh6 c6ng on DAng, m6i chdng ta xinnguyQn phdn ctdu su6't ttdi, trung thdnh tAntuy v6i DiLng v6i dAn. Edng tAm thrlc hi€ndi6ru mong mu6'n cu6'i ctng cira B6c ld: 'XAy

dgng mQt nrl6c Vi6t Nam, hda binh, th6'ngnhdt, d6c l{p, ddn chi vi giiu manh.

4

€Ihing litt ldtou ltq<. t6'.'| Orrti)'nq 4)qi hor. 76inq Qhuuq

NGUYEN TrEu (RiM THANG G|ENG) tl) BAr rHo F|AV, DEp vA Mdr MAI

ThS. Cao Vdn Thinh - Khoa Khoa hoc Xd h6i vd Nhdn Vdn.

rong nhtng bdi tho chfi H6n cira B6cHd viSt vdo thdi gian sau CAch mangTh6ng T6m thi bai thd Nguy6n ti6u(Rim th6ne Gi6ng) vidt vdo dAu

ndm 1948, tgi chi6n khu ViQt B6c lh bdi thoddu ti6n.

Neuy6n vin

Nguy6n ti6uKim d4 nguyCn ti6u nguyQt chinh vi6nXuAn giang, xuAn thiry tidp xuAn thi6nY6n ba thAm xri ddm quan suDq b6n quy lai nguyQt mdn thuydn.

Dich nghia

Rim th6ng gi6ng

DOm nay rim th6ng gi6ng, trdng vrla trdn

Nrt6c s6ng xudn tiSp li6:n vdi miu trdi xuAn

GiOa kh6i s6ng thim thim, bdn bac vi6c quAn

Niia d6m trd v6', thuydn ddy 6nh trdng

Dich tho

Rim th6ng gi6ng

Rdm xuAn ldng lQng trdng soiS6ng xuAn nri6c l6n miu trdi th6m xuAn

Gifia ddng bdn bac vi6c quAn

Khuya vd b6t ng6t trdng ngAn dAy thuydn* Bd.i dlch cfla Xudn Th&y

Trong giai doqn cuQc kh6ng chidntoin dAn, todn diQn ch6'ng thric ddn Ph6pxAm lugc nim trong hodn cinh cgc k;} kh6khin gian khd. Thdi k;> ndy trong Chinhphri vi trong c6c cd quan Trung udng c6 r{tnhi6:u nhAn si, tri thrlc tham gia lim viQc.Ho c6 nhi€'u tri thrlc v€' H6n hoc, nhi6:ungubi bidt lim tho, thuang thrlc c6c thd thdcd. Od d6ttg vi6n moi ngudi toen tAm, todnsrlc phuc vu kh6ng chidn, phuc vu c6chmqng ldu ddi. B6c H6 lim ci hai loqi tho:Tho tidng ViQt ddnh cho d6ng tl6o cldng bdovd chidn si, thd chfi H6n dAnh cho nhAn si,

';:-'r"-:!q:_

tri th(ic tAm huydt dang ph'.iig sti c6chmang, phung sri kh6ng chidn, kidn qudc.Trong tQp thd H6 Chi Minh (Nhn xudt binGD 1977) chring ta thdy, ndm 1948 Ngudividt 5 bai tho chrf H6n: Nguyon ti6u (Rimth6ng gi6ng), 86o

'tiQp (Tin thdng trdn),

ting Brii C6ne (Tdng cg Bti Bing Dodn),Thu d4 (D6m thu), tnng V6 C6ng (tdng cuV6 Li6m Son). Trong 5 bei thd tI6 chi c6 biithd Nguy6n ti6u, Ngrrdi ddnh ci 4 cAu mi6uta thi6n nhi6n, nhrtng kh6ng phAi vi thd mdchring ta kh6ng tha'y con ngr-idi, chi thd trrltinh trong d6.

Bii Nguy6n ti6u ld bti thd tl1 tuy6thay, dgp vi rdt m6i. Trong hi6n thrrc c6 c6ihay nhung kh6ng dep, c6 c6i dep nhrtngkh6ng m6i. Trong thd c6i hay, c6i clgp, c6im6i quy v6' hinh thrlc vi n6i dung, n6nnhi6:u ldi binh chi n6i ttdn c6i hay mi ta vAnli6n tu6ng ddn c6i dgp, c6i m6i trong thd ldvAy. Tho tii tuyOt bao g6m thdt ng6n tirtuy6t, ngt ng6n trl tuy6t, d6'u ld v6'n quf criaTrung Hoa, v6'n quj' cira nhAn loai, drtocngudi ViQt Nam ta rdt tta chu6ng, drloc cdcnhi thd ViQt Nam ta trong nhi6'u thbi d4itidp nh{n vd s6ng tao. Tho trl tuy6t c6 mOthinh thric dep, m6t cdu trric li6n kdt theohri6ng "khai - thta - chuydn - hop, c6 nhAnho xrra d6 n6i: "m6i chfi ld mdt ngubi hidn'vd vi n6 Id thd n6n "m6i trl ld mQt hiQp sitrong d6i quAn kh6ng thd thay thd dugc".

Cdu md ddu bdi thd "Kim da nguy6nti6u nguyQt chinh vi6n" (DOm nay, rimth6ng gi6ng, trdng vta trong). C6 nguoi,binh cho rdng cAu tho ndy v6i brit ph6p binhthtrdng. Theo t6i nghi kh6ng phii thdvi cAccAu tho tri tuy6t tt6:u ndm trong m6t chinhthd, thi kh6ng phii xem nhe m6t ydu tdndo.CAu tho nAy git vi tri md cld, n6 vrla phiiquin xuydn lAm 16 ddu dd, vta m6 ra c6in6'n, c6i di6n mao cho ci bdi thd. CAu thomang ti6u d6' (ddu d6) "Nguy6n ti6u", x6cdinh 16 thli gian "d6m nay" vrla hic "nguyQt

5

chinh vi6n" (trdng vta trdn), th hic m6i vdod6m, tring vrla l6n, bAu trdi phong quang.

CAu niy lai Ii cAu thd thdt ng6n (bAy tidng),n6n c6i dri vi, am htt6ng ngdn nga, lan t6a,drra ngrtdi dgc v)ro thd gi6i quen thdn, ddngcim v6i tAm hdn chtr thd nhh thd.

Cdu thrfa: "XuAn giang, xuAn thty tidpxuAn thi6n" (nri6c s6ng xuAn tidp lidn vdimdu trdi xuAn). CAu nAy hop v6i cAu trfdc,tidp tUc hoin thi6n m6t j', mi6u t6 cinh s6cthi6n nhi6n ViOt B6c, cinh xuAn trong d6mrim thdng gi€ng. C6nh vQt ciing hi6n l€ntrong con m6t tho, cong theo chi6'u kh6nggian tr) xa ddn gdn, tr) gdn t6i xa cta "giang. thiry thi6n" (s6ng, nu6c, trdi). Chfi"XuAn" goi hinh 6nh tuqng trung ddqc lqp diI{p lai S lAn, mi6u ti cAnh v{t xanh tttoi,dAy sr?c s6'ng. Chrl "tidp" lhm cho chidu rQng,chidu cao m6 ra kh6ng gian ddn v6 cringnhu thdu su6't todn thd vir trg thi6n - ilia'nhAn. B0i vi thi6n - dia (trdi ddf c6 van vAt,

c6 con ngrtdi c6 thi.nhAn trong dy, cdu ndycdn thd hiQn silc s6'ng trong con ngubi chtithd, nhA tho t6a ra trin ddy. D6n bAy gid

dAu ai chrra m6t ldn I6n ViQt B6c, dgc cAuthd ndy cflng cim th{y thi6n nhi6n ndi dytlgp dE v6 cr)ng, 6 d6 mang tAm hdn B6c baola v6i sfc xuin, ddt nri6c dang trdn ddy, ttmria xuAn nAy ddn rnr)a xuAn kh6c kh6ngdfit bao gid.

CAu chuydn 'Y6n ba thAm xii - dhmquAn srr" (gifia ndi kh6i s6ng thnm thimbdn b4c vi6c qu6n). CAu tho c6 vai trd d{cbi6t quan trgng, vta tidp f hai cdu tni6c,vta chuydn I vh quydt dinh srr thdnh c6ngcira bii thd. Trong 'Y6n ba thAm xii' (sAu

trong kh6i s6ng) nhi thd xua thridng ydm

thd, vdn vudng trong mQng my, sdu dau,dQm tinh cAm bi quan, n6i budn vong qu6'c,

mdi han ri6ng tri, n6i nhd cd huong, nh6nhiL, nh6 nguai than, phdn nhi6:u ld iry my.Nhung 6 dAy, trong 'Y6n ba thAm xit'' chrithd trfi tinh hi6n.l6n Ii l6nh tg, nhd quAn

srt dang dirm dao vi€c quAn, vi6c nrt6c,nhtng viQc hQ trong cria qudc gia, trong m6t

hoAn cAnh d{c biQt, sAu trong sudng kh6i,gifia rrlng sAu, nrii thim, kh6ng phAi ld noiquAn doanh hay dai b6n doanh _uy nghi, cdxi rdp trdi, quan: quAn td ehifh."*eAi fchuydn dd mang c6i m6i vio tho, chinh ldtinh thdn chi6'n ddu, tinh thdn c6ch mangtidn c6ng. Hinh inh thd rdt m6i, con ngulichidm m6t vi tri chir dao, d6 ld con ngddinhip thd tich c{c dang lAm chri v{n mQnhcria minh, cria dAn t6c minh.

CAu hgp: "Da b6n quy lai nguyet menthuydrf'(nrla d6m tr6 vd, thuydn ctdy 6nhtrdng). Cii j chuydn crfa cAu thii ba dequydt atinh cdu hgp, chuydn hqp de kdt laiv6i nhau dd ai6n ti mQt f thd trgn vgn. Vi6cdAm dao quAn sg vrla m6i nrla d6m th6icirng kh6ng phai b6 di hoic di chuydn, bAnbac xbng thi "quy lai" (tr6 vA). C6i chir d6ngldm n6n phong th6i ung dung trJ tai crianhi thd. CAu thrl tri de hdp lqi, ldm cho cibdi thd hay l6n, dgp h&n 16n. Thdi gian vikh6ng gian nghQ thu{t cria bii tho dugc xdcdinh. Tt c6i thdi gian "nguyQt chinh vi6n'(tring vrla trdn) ctdn ltic nrla d6m, tringtr6n dinh bdu trii, d6'i diQn v6i thuydn tr6ns6ng nrl6c lhm n6n hinh inh tho "nguyQtmin thuydn', (trnng cldy thuydn) tuydt depmd f hay xria nay chtia c6. Hinh ttidngtrdng, hinh tuqng nrUa xrtAn trdu dAy sircs6'ng dep mii trong cinh sfc thi6n nhi6n,ddt nr.i6c, trong m6i ngrrdi Vi€t Nam. Tii tholu6n lu6n vAn d6ng b6i chdt trfi tinh vi chdtthdp hda hop v6i nhau m6t c6ch nhudnnhuy6n ldm n6n cdi hay, c6i dep, c6i m6icira bdi tho.

Nhd vay, B6c H6 cira chfng ta di drlatii thd tr1 tuyQt l6n dinh cao cria s{ dQc dAo,tr6 thenh di sAn tinh thdn cria nhAn dAnVi6t Nam vd nhAn dAn thd gi6i. Nhdn nnmnay, H6i nhd vdn ViQt Nam quydt dinh ldyngiy 15 th6ng gi6ng hing ndm ldm ngdythd ViOt Nam, kf niQm ngdy Bac Hd lam beithd "NguyOn ti6u" ndi tidng. N6n c6i hay,c6i dep, c6i mdi cria bii thd "Nguy6n ti6u"vd nhidu bii tho cria B6c s6 li rndi rndi.

7977, ftang 242.

6

(1) Trich thd H6 chi Minh, Nhd XBGD

Oh6ng. litt lcltoa hqtt t6l .-l €Iullng..Oqi hy, 7{iinq. Q)ut*tt1

Tu HgC - Mor rurudrua lonrcuA cHU TICH HO CHr MINH VE DAY HOC

CN. Nguydn Nggc Ctdng- BQ nrdn Mdc,li i,k*:e,''

h ng ta ddu bi6t ring, trong viOc dayhoc, ddc biQt ln d4y hoc ngudi l6n, sunghi€n cfiu qud trinh tu hoc ciing nhu

cdc phuong thrlc t6 chrlc tu hoc cho crin bQ vdnhdn ddn lao dQng 6 nudc ta hi6n nay tr6 nOnvO cing quan trong vi bric thidt. Day khongchi le lf luAn phudng phr{p md gir{o gidi quantAm, me n6 cdn li nhi0m vu hing ddu, cdpb6ch cira vi€c nghi€n cfu qud trinh neng caotrinh do hoc vfn cho tat ce moi ngudi trongc6ng ddng. C6 thd n6i cdt l6i cira hoc tAp llviec tu hoc.

Chfr tich Hd Chi Minh da c6 tu tudngr{t ldn vi hiQn d4i vd ciich hoc n6i chung(Ngudi thudng ding thuat ngfr "Kidu hoc") vdd4c biet vd vdn dd mi $gudi gqi li "Tg dQnghoc tAp".

D0y ld cdng hidn to l6n vi quf giri cfiaNgudi vio kho ting lf lu{n d4y hoc cita chfngta.

Tr ttdng cda Chrt tich H6 Chi Minh vdttt hoc c6 thd quy thdnh cdc vdn dd'cu thd sau.:

l. Trong viec tu hoc, didu qiran tlong hing ddull xr{c dinh 16 muc dich hoc ttp vi xAy dungdOng co hoc tAp d(ng din.

2. Phai tV minh lao dQng dd tao didu ki€n choviec tu hoc sudt ddi.

3. Mudn tu hoc thanh c6ng phii c6 kd hoachs6p xdp thdi gian hoc tAp, phai bdn bi, ki0n trithuc hi6n k0 hoach d€n cing, kh6ng lii budctru6c moi trE ngai.

4. Phei triet dd tan dung moi hoin cinh, moiphuong ticn, mgi hinh thrlc dd tu hoc.

5. Hgc ddn dAu, ra srlc luy6n tdp, thuc hinhddn d6.

Th{t nhdt, trong hoat dOng tu hoc cfingnhu trong b{t k} ho4t dOng nio, trudc ti€n cdnxey dqng muc dich hoc tap, xly dung dOng co

hoc tAp. Trong ldi khuydn ddi vdi rndt ngudi tuhoc, vi€c xr{c dinh dring din mgc d(ch tu hocduo. c B6c nh6c ddn ddu ti€n: Phii nAng cao vihu6ng din vicc tu hoc: "Phei bidt tu d6ng hoctap". Mudn vay, "Phii hidu 16 mdy didu"; "Hocdd lim gi? - Hqc dd srla chila tu tu6ng... - Hocdd tu dudng dao dfc c6ch mang... - Hoc dd tintu8ng... - Hoc dd hlnh".

Trong ldn dOn thlm vd n6i chuydn vdinarn nf thanh ni€n hoc sinh c6c trudng trunghoc Nguydn Trdi - Chu Vin An vi TrungVuong Hd NQi ngiy 1811211954. Bdc phtn tichmuc dich, d6ng co cfra vi€c hoc tlp nhu sau:"Nhi0rn vu chinh cira thanh ni0n hoc sinh llhoc. Dudi chd d6 thuc dln phong ki6n, mucdich di hoc li cdt duoc minh bing dd ldm ongth6ng, 6ng phrin linh luong nhidu an ngon,m6c dep. Thd thOi, sd phAn dln 16c thd nio,tinh hinh thd gi6i bidn d6i thd nio, khdng haykhong bidt gi hdt...Muc dich gi6o duc nO l0cira thuc ddn phong kidn chi dd dio tao ranhtng tri thrlc n6 lQ dd hdu ha chfng. Nghynay, ta dd duo. c d6c lep, tu do, thanh niOn mdithat le ngudi chir tuong lai cria nudc nhd".

Mudn xrlng rl6ng vdi vai trd ngudi chirrlri phrii hoc tAp. .. hgc tld phgng su ai? Ddphung srr Td qudc, phung sg nh&n dAn, lhm chodAn gidu nudc manll, trlc ld dd lirm tron nhiOrnvU ngudi chi,r cfra nudc nhd".

Ngudi ludn thdy rd vai trb cira hoc tdpddi v6i moi ngudi c6ch mang: "Ch(ng ta phiihqc vd hoat d6ng cdch mang su6t ddi. Cbnsdng thi cdn phii hoc, cdn phrii hoat d6ng cdchm4ng". Ngudi cho dly ld yOu cdu bit buOc ddivdi ngudi c6n b6 ciich mang, li cdch tdt nhatdd nnng cao trinh dQ hidu bidt, d6p rlng yOucdu ngdy cdng cao c[ra cdch m4ng, cria sinxuAt. Ngudi cho rdng: Hoc h6i mQt vi€c phiit iep luc sudt ddi. khdng ai c6 thd tu cho rninh

1

4hin4 lht l<hou hpr t6'.'| Qnti'ttty.'/)ui h?e 7(iinq ((hktnq

dd biei dfi rdi, bidt h6t rdi. Thd gi6i ngly nayluon ddi mdi, nhln dan ta cdng tidn b6, choncn ch ng ta phii ti6p tuc hoc vd hinh dd tidnb6 kip nhln ddn. Theo Ngudi, mudn "hoc sudtddi" rhi phii tu hoc. Khi chi thi vd c6ch hoctap trong vi€c hudn luyOn ciin bQ. Ngudi dAn6i: "Ldy tu hoc lam cdt, c6 thio luAn vd chidao gitip vdo".

Tht hai, cudc ddi cfra Cht tich Hd ChiMinh, ld m6t tam guong si4ng vd tu hoc. Nguditrudng thenh trong tu hoc, trong lao dQng vitrong ddu tranh cr{ch mang. Tai Dai hQi VIIcira Qudc tdc6ng sin (1935) mqi ngudi hdt sfckinh ngac vi kh6m phgc khi doc bin khai lflich d4i bidu cria Ngudi vdi bi danh lh Lin. Trildi cAu h6i trong muc: Trinh dQ van ho6 (dai

hoc, trung hoc, tidu hqc) Ngudi ghi: "Tu hoc".Tidp theo lh mgc: ddng chi bidt ngoai ngt gi? -

Tri ldi: "Anh, Ph6p, Trung Qu6c, Y, O,i.,Nga"... c6 thd n6i sudt que rinh tu hoc, dU ldhoc tidng nudc ngoii hoc tri thtlc cdch mang,hgc vln hod, hoc lim brio... Ngudi lu6n luOntu x6c dinh cho minh mqc <lich hgc t{p dfngd6n, v6i d6ng co trong sdng. Ngudi tu hoc vdi

f nguy€n cao ci li tim ra con dudng ddu tranhct?u nudc, crlu ddn, llm cho t6 qudc dudc docldp, nh&n dan du-d. c tu do, ddng bdo ai ciingduoc hanh phric.

Theo f cia Ngudi: Vi0c xiic clinh mucdich vh xly dung dQng cd hoc tap kh6ng chi ldvdn dd cira hoc tAp mi d6 l) v0n d€ d4o dt?c, llnhAn ci{ch cira ngudi hoc. Dly chinh lh vdn ddquydt dinh hiOu qui cfia t{ hoc.

Que trinh tu hgc cira Chri tich H6 ChiMinh bao gid cfing gin lidn vdi qud trinh laod6ng cira Ngubi. Chinh lao d6ng dd tao didukiOn nhidu m4t dd tu hgc tdt. Nhting ngdy,thr{ng Ngudi sdng vi hoat d6ng 6 Phdp, 0Anh... kh6ng chi li nhiing ngiy thdng hgc tflpvi dxu tranh bdn bi, kien tri, ddy nguy hitimmi cbn li nhiing ngiy th6ng lao d6ng ddy giannan dd kidm sdng, muu sinh, kidm sdng ttd tr;hoc, tu hqc dd lim c:{ch mang. Tuy lao d6nghdt srlc cuc nhoc, cu6c sdng hdt sfc nghdo kh6

thidu thdn, nhung khong bao gid Ngudi liri birmuc dich hgc tAp. Ch(ng ta di nghe llt nhiduchuy0n, nhidu ldn v€ tinh thdn say rnd hoc tdpcira Ngudi khi cdn lhrn phu bcp+eii-tafbidncira hdng "VAn tii ho.p nhflt". Nhfing thuj' thittren tlu ndy di kd lai vdi su khlm phuc: "M6ingiy, d€n chin gib tdi c6ng viOc mdi xong.Anh Ba met l i r , nhung trong khi chring ldi nghihodc dSnh bdi, anh'Ba cbn doc hay vi0t ddnmudi mOt gid hoac nira dOm".

Vira hoc tdp, vira lao d6ng, vita hoatd6ng cdch mang ddi h6i phii c6 kd hoach chatch€ vd thdi gian vl dbi h6i tinh thdn kiOn trithuc hien kd hoach. Tdm guong tu hgc ciraNgudi cfing lh tdm guong tu hoc v6i tirrh thdnbdn bi, nhan nai,

" Ngudi de khuy€n: "PhAi tg nguycn, tugi6c, xem c6ng tdc hoc tlp cfing li mdt nhi0rnvu md ngudi cdn b6 c6ch mang phii hoirnthdnh cho duoc, do d6 mir tich cuc, t\r d6nghoin thdnh kd hoach hoc tdp, ncu cao tinh thdnchiu kh6, cd ging khong lii budc trtr6c hAt k!kh6 khdn nho trong viOc hoc tdp".

Thrr ba, nhd tu hoc vi vdi su cd ging

kien tri, vdi su girip dd ten tinh cira bd ban,Ngudi da trang bi cho minh m6t v6n vdn hodquan trong. Nhd tu hoc, nhd lao ddng vdi congnhAn, tho thuy€n qudn chring, nhd tham giaphong trlo cdch mang Ngudi da tim den (ludc

vdi chir nghia Mdc-L€nin ve trr} thinh ngudichidn si ki6n cudng d{u tranh cho chir nghiayeu nu6c vh chi nghia Qu6c td vO sin. Ngudidat duoc nhiing thhnh c6ng to ldn trong vi€c tuhoc ld nhd tich lu! cho m)nh duoc vdn sdng,nhflng kinh nghi€m phong phri trong thuc ti6ndau tranh, thuc ti6n ddi s6ng cira giai ct'p c6ngnhAn vI nh&n dln lao d6ng noi m)r Ngudi da diqua. Mdt nghi si qudc hQi Phdp dfi xin duoccho Ngudi mEt the thu vi€n qudc gia Ph6p. I}icda triet dd srl dung thu vi€n dd l)m vdn ki€nthrlc cira minh, dd trang bi cho minh m6t tlinhdQ lf lufln s6c b6n nhim gi6i d6p nhtng vdn ddmd thuc ti6n ddu tranh cdch mang ddt ra.

Tht? ttt, trong quii trinh tu hoc cria Biic,

€Jh6nq. litt hhot hot t6'.:| Cfntu)'nq (L)oi hQt 7(,ing ((hfthtt1

khdng nhilng Ngudi triet dd tan dung nhiing tdchrlc, nhilng hoat d6ng c6 sin trong xi hQinhu: thu vien, cau lac bQ, s6ch b6o, c6c budihgi thio, c6c bio ting... md Ngudi cbn tuminh t4o ra nhfrng hinh tht?c hgc tlp m6i sinhd6ng vi bd ich nhu: Tranh thfr su girip dd, suhudng d6n chi bio cria ngu8i khdc, hoc trongdi giao thiep, trong c6ng t6c vln d6ng qudnchring, mi Ngudi ggi ld: "hoc trong nhAn dAn".Theo Ngudi, dAy li mot lrudng hoc thuc td soidQng, li ndi dd "hanh" didu dd hoc. Ngudi chi16: "Hoc 0 dau? Hoc E trudng, hgc & s6ch v6,hoc lin nhau vi hoc nhAn dAn, khdng hoc nh0nd&n lh mQt thidu s6t rl't ldn. "Trong sudt nhiingnam thdng hoat d6ng crich meing vi tu hoc ciraminh, Ngudi dd "hoc nhan dln" rft nhidu. Ddchudn bi ddn Ph6p, Bic dn dat cho minh kdhoach hgc tidp Phrip, Bric hgc d nhflng ngudilinh thuj Ph6p d tr€n tlu, vdi nlrfrng ngudigirip vi€c... Chlnh Ngudi kd lai: "Sau khi h6iduo. c nghia nhiing tt m6i, B6c vidt vdo m6tm6nh gidy, ddn vdo ch6 hay dd j nhet, c6 khividt vio cdnh tay dd trong ldc lhm viQc v6n hoctluoc. Lai cri khi di drrdng Br{c cfing nhdm b}rihoc. Ban dem, khi chua ngir, Ngudi lAy tay vidtmd xudng chin nhtng chti kh6 cho k! nh6 m6ith6i, vi thd la da hgc th€m duoc vii tt mdinfia".

Tht ndm, trong tu hgc,.Ngudi c6 m6tnguy€n tic li: Hoc ddn d&u luy6n tap vd thuchinh ddn d6. Hoc dugc chil ndo, Ngudi timcdch gh6p ceu dd dUng ngay. Hoc nhu thd saum6t thdi gian ng6n, B6c dd vidt duoc b6o vdsrich bdng tidng nudc ngoii. Ngoii ra, Bdc cdnchiu kh6 di du mit l inh, toa dim, du l ich. ddqua d6 vila ven dung, luyen tAp nhiing til ddhoc, via ldm tlng vdn til mdi, Ngubi giao thi€pr6ng vdi moi ngrrdi cfing mOt mat dd luyen tepngoSi ng[, mat kh6c thudng xuydn doc s6chbrio bang tidng nudc ngohi dd trau ddi th€mvdn hidu bidt cria minh vd tidng.

Til nhdng nQi dung trong tu tu&ng ciaChir tich Hd Chi Minh vd tu hoc li€n h€ vdithuc tiEn day - hoc hiOn nay chting ta cdnmanh dan chi ra nhfng thuc trang cdn dang tdn

tai trong ddi sdng xd hdi nhu sau:

Thr? nhdt, vd vi€c xric dinh muc dichhoc tap, xAy dung d6ng co hgc t{p.dring ddrr,.-Nhidu ngudi trong chting ra frien--rfEbi"i*oivi6c hoc tap la co hQi dd c6 th€m minh bing,d6 bd truc lgi. Ndu nhu d&n gian ngiry xua ph0phdn th6i hoc dd lhn "6ng no, bh kia" thi nglynay dOng cd d6 kh6ng khtic gi m{y v} viOc l.roctAp tr& n€n kh6ng c6 mgc dich 16 ring. Duongnhi€n E xrl sd chfng ta tuy truydn thdng hi€uhoc ld phd bidn nhung vi ndn kinh t6 chua phdttridn, ddi sdng xd hQi cdn nlng nd, tu tuEng,tem li cira xd hdi cii dd lai cho n€n nhidu bAcphu huynh quan ni€m rang: Cho con em di hocli dd thodt kh6i su lam l[ cira cudc srlng n6ngnghi0p lac hlu "Chdn ldm, tay btn".

Edi vdi ciin bd vitn cht?c, nhfing ngrrdildu tudi, cfing cdn chua nh{tn thrlc du-o. c viOchoc tAp thudng xuy€n nhdrn nflng cao trinh d6nhu li mQt yeu cdu, mot ddi h6i tat ydu ciabin thAn, cfia cdng viQc. ViQc "hoc thudngxuy6n", "hoc sudt ddi" v6n chi ding lai & kh.{uhieu, tham chi nhi€u ngudi cbn tlOi ph6 v6iviQc hoc tlp, c6 nhidu nhiing suy nghi l€ch lac,vh nhtng suy t(nh thidn cdn trong viec tu hoc,tu rdn.

Tht hai, trong didu ki6n hodn cAnh khdthuan loi md Ding vi Nhi nu6c c6 thd taoduo. c nham gifp tdt ci moi ngudi trong xd h6i:Neng cao dAn tli. dlo lao nhan luc, bdi dudngnhAn tii, thi ciing kh6ng it ngudi trong chdngta kd cd ldp tr6 lh hoc sinh, sinh viOn dd khongtan dung duoc nhtng di€u kiQn thuln loi d6.N6i thing ra ld cdn ludi nhdc, f lai vd duongnhien ld sC thiet hai r i t nhidu cho c6ng qlyNhi nudc. Day ld rnQt ldng phi l<1n mA it ngudinhAn ra. S1r thidu cd ging d6 nghi lai, chring tathdy hd then vdi tu tudng t6c phong cfra Chfitich Hd Chi Minh, vdi nhfng ldi chi dfln qujb6u cfia Ngudi vd vi6c tu hoc. Vdn d€ nly cdnc6 nhiing giii ph6p cg thd.

Thit ba, dAy li thuc trang c6 tfnhchuyOn m6n cria nginh giSo duc dio tao.Nhidu c6n bd quin lf gi6o drlc mh tluc tidp li

9

€Jh6nu- lin khoa hot t6l .? Qnto'ttt1 (9qi hor 76ing (Q116'1111

girio vi€n d1y b cic cdp hoc, ngdnh hoc, bachgc chua quan tem tdi vi€c nang cao, hudngddn vtr ph6t tridn nang luc t{ hoc cho hoc sinh,sinh vi€n, hoc vi€n nhdt li c6c hoc vi€n ldnrudi.

TU th{c trang cfra viQc day v}r hoc tr€nday, mi cq thd li vdn dd tu hoc hiQn nay.Chring ta c6 thd d€ cdp t6i hai khia c4nh ldnmang tinh giii ph6p nhtl sau:

M|t ld, hoc sinh, sinh vi€n ngay tt khicbn ngdi ghd nhi trudng phd th6ng, cao dirng,dai hoc.

Ngoii vi€c gi6o dgc. mgc dich, dQng co,th6i dd hoc t{p tfting din thi phii duo. c trau d6iva phet tridn cA ! thtc ve neng lgc tu hoc. Cdccdn bQ quin lf gi6o dgc vd gi6o vi€n 6 c6c cltphgc, ngdnh hoc cdn phii quan tem hdn nfa ddnviOc hudng dAn nAng cao vir ph6t tridn ndng luctu hoc cho hoc sinh, sinh viOn. Dnc biet ll c'icrung tam diro tao bdi dudng thudng xuyen, c6ctrudng b6 tric van ho'ri trong cdc gid d4y, gidoviOn cdn chri f nhidu hon ddn phuong ph6phudng dAn tu hoc, girip ngudi hgc ldn tudi c6neng luc tu hoc, ltrm cho vi€c hoc tap dat kgtqui cao.

Hai li, Nhi nudc ve xd h6i cdn khuy0nkhich vi kich thich nhu cdu tu hec & m6i ngudim6 rong them cdc hinh thfc, tao nhtngphuong tien thu{n loi cho vi€c tu hoc nhu: ph{ttridn thu viQn, cAu lac bQ, nhh vdn hod, ctngvdi cdc phuong ti€n truyCn thOng nlru: Dii phdtthanh, vO tuydn truy€n hinh, br{o ch(... vdi quymo rhich hgp, nhim dd c6 di€u kien thu htit

d6ng dAo cdn bQ vl nhAn dAn hfng thri thamgia d6p rtng nhu cdu hoc tAp thudng xuydn cfram6i ngudi vd cira ci xd h6i.

L0.utlci:Tu tu0ng cria Chfi tich Hd Chi Minh vd

tu hgc ld mQt di sin quj briu, n6 vta phin 6nhduo. c gi6 tri truydn thdng cilra dln t6c ta li hiduhoc vi coi trgng viec hoc, lai vira ti€u bidu chotu tu6ng gido dgc tidn bO cira thdi d4i. Tutudng cira Ngudi khdng chi phdn dnh quy lu8tkhrich quan cira qu6 trinh xAy dung vtr phaittridn ndn gi6o duc hi€n d4i cfra cdc nudc tr€nthd gidi mI cbn n6i l€n rrdc nguyQn cltffn chittltvi sdu s6c cira quing dai qudn chdng nhAn dAnlao dQng 0 nudc ta vd quydn lgi vi h4nh ph(cdugc h9c tAp.

Vdn dd tr1 hoc li m6t tu tu6ng l6n cfiaChfr tich Hd Chi Minh vd cdch hoc. Nhfing ldichi d[n qu! brlu vl nhihrg b]i hoc kinh nghiQmsf,u sic nit ra tt chinh tdm guong tu hoc bdn bivir thdnh c6ng r\rc rd cfia ngudi cho ddn nayvin mang gid tri to l6n. Dlc biet, trong tinhhinh m6i khi mi cuQc ciich khoa hgc ky thuatdang phdt tridn manh m6 mang tlnh toin cduhor{ vi xd hQi dang c6 nhidu bidn ddi slu sicthi van dd tu hgc nhim neng cao nhdn thfctoin di€n cria m6i ngudi dang trO thinh m6ty€u cdu cap brich vh bit buQc cho tat ce nhfrngai dang drlng trong gudng mdy sin xudt xA hQi.Vdn dd ndy ngly cAng dit ra gat gao, brlc xric,thfm chf n6 quydt dinh su tdn t4i cfia tilngngudi trudc nhfing ddi h6i cfia ndn sin xudt,cria xd hoi.

l0

Clhdug. lirt khou hoe th'.'J €Jnt?)'ag (/)qi hoa 76ing (l)11ai41

VE DONG BAO CAC DAN TOC MIEN NUI

CN. Nguydn Ngoc Ctdng- BO ntdn Il4

\ futlc ta Ie mot qudc gia thong nhAi, da dnn

| \ ,0", bao gdm 54 dan tOc anlr em ctng sinlrI \ sdng, kC vai sdt ciinh bOn nhau trong sudtqud trjnh drmg nu6c vd giil nu6c, trong d6 dAn tocKinh chidm da sd (87Vo dAn sd), cbn lai ll c6c dAntOc thidu s6 (13Vo). Phdn l6n cdc dan t0c thidu sdsdng 6 midn nfi, vUng sau, vtng xa, bien gi6i, heidio - ll nhilng vung c6 vi tri chidn lugc d4c bigtquan trong v€ chinh tri, kinh t€, an ninh qudcphbng vi mOi trudng sinh thdi. Ddng bio cric dAntOc vdn c6 truydn thdng dodn kdt.lAu ddi trong ddutranh chdng gi{c ngoai x0m, chd ngq thien nhien,kh6c phuc thien tai vh xay dqrng d{t nu6c. M6i dantOc ddu c6 sic thdi van hod riOng, g6p phdn t4o nOnsu phong phri, da dang cria ndn vln hori d0n tOc.

Trong qud trinh ldnh dao cdch m?ng ViotNam, DAng ta vh Chfr tich Hd Chf Minh dd nhinthdy 16 vi thdd6 cfra ddng

-bdo cdc dxn tdc, dd dd ra

nhtng chfr truong, chinh sdch c6 f nghia chidn luo. cdd dam beo khdi dohn kdt thdng nhdt, phdt huy vaitrd cfia ddng blo cdc dAn tOc thidu sd trong khringchidn chdng xam ludc, trong c6ng cuOc xay dungvh bio v0 Td qu6c Viet Nam XIICN.

Tu tuong FId Chf Minh vd c6c den tOc midnndi vh ddng bdo cric dln tdc midn ndi ld m6t bOphan rong tu tudng c6ch mang cfia.Ngudi. Nhfingquan didm cira Ngudi vd vlln dd d6 c6 thd khdi qudttr0n ba mat cd ban sau:

Tht nhdt, theo Hd Chi Minh, vdn cld dantOc trudc hdt ll v{n dd dai doln kOt toin dAn dd x6ydung vi bio v0 Td qudc Vi0t Nam. Ngtrdi kh&ngdinh: Nudc Vi€t Nam ld mdt, d0n t6c Vi0t Nam ldmdt, "S0ng c6 thd c4n, nrii c6 thd mbn, nhung ldngdohn kdt cria chring ta khdng bao gid girim bdt".Ngudi cho ring, tren dai d{t Viet nam, cdc dan t6cdi "Kinh hay Thd, Muong hay Mrin, Giarai hay€dc, Xedang hay Bana vd c6c dAn rdc thidu sdkh6c, ddu li con ch6u Vi0t Narn, ddu li anh emruot thit. Chring ta sdng chdt c6 nhau, sudng khdctng nhau, no d6i girip nhau"2. V] vay, "... tdt cadan tQc chfng ta phii doln kdt ch{t ch6 dd giii ginnon nu6c ta, dd irng hQ Chinh phri ra"r. DU reng bantram cOng nghin viOc nhmg Ngrrdi vAn khdng quOn

Tu rUdNG ud cHi rvilruH

vidt thu thAm h6i ddng bdo cric dAn tQc thulngxuy0n, Ngudi ctrn d6n vh dOng viOn: "Dd nhAn dAn,moi ngudi duoc 0rn no, moi ngudi ddu bidt chfi,rnoi ngrrdi ddu tidn b0, ddng bho cdn phAi cd gringhon nta"a. Sq quan tArn dy mang tinh chiell luoc"D4i doln kdt" mi Ngudi vdn coi trong trong toenb0 hoat dOng ciich m4ng cfra Ngudi, trong qud trinhIlnh dao cdch mang Vi€t Narn nhirn giii ph6ngdAn t6c ve xay dmg xd hOi rn6i. Ngudi thudng n6i:"DAng, Chinh phfi vl tdi luOn luOn theo d6i cOngviQc vd sg tidn bO cira ddng beo"s . Ngudi kdt luan:"Dudi su ldnh dao sdng sudt cfia DAng, Chinh phtrvtr nhln dln ta dotrn kdt nhA'r tri th) kh6 khnn giciing khdc phuc duo.c, c0ng viec to rndy cfrng lhrnduo. c"6

TItt hai, FId Chi Minh cho ring, v0n dd d{tntQc vd midn ndi c6 vi tri chidn luo.c kh6ng chi vd anninh qudc phdng mh ci vd kinh t€ vd mdi trubng.Ngrrdi nOu 16, ddng bdo c6c d0n t6c ld nhilng ngudicon "rdt trung thlnh, chiu khti", "r'dt that thl vir rdttdt". Nhihrg dttc tinh ndi trOi d6 cira ddng bho"nhAp vdi thd hidm trd cfra nrii sdng, tr& thdnh sfcrnanh v0 dich". "Midn nrji c6 tii nguyOn rdt phongphrl, c6 nhidu khi nAng dd md mang nOng nghi0pvl c0ng nghiOp. Nhiing didm d6 n6i ro ring, midnnfi c6 m6t dia vi cuc k] quan trong v€ kinh t€,chinh tri vir qudc phdng cita ci nudc ta"7, giiru c6dd nAng cao hon niia ddi sOng cira nh{tn dlln, ddthuc hiOrr CNH, I lDl I ddt nudc Ngu i nhic ulro:"Nhfng cAy 96 to, cao cbrt dd ddt hay dd cho n6muc n6t kh6ng kh6c gi ddng biro tu dern lidn bac ddxu6ng s0ng"8. Ngudi cln d[n: "PhAi giii gin r]ngcho tdt 5 ntrm, l0 ndrn nfia rlng Itr ving, ld bac, lhrn6y rn6c ci"e.

Tltit ba, trong mot qudc gia da dAn toc nhrrnudc ta, Hd Chi Minh rdt coi trong nhtng n6t dOcd6o, bin s6c vdn hoii ri€ng cfra m6i dAn t0c. Nhfrngtruydn thdng, dlc didm ri€ng d6 cing vdi tidm nnngto ldn, ndi dan tOc dang sinh sdng li co sd dd H6Chi Minh kh&ng dinh: Nudc ta c6 nhidu d0n r0c,day td didm tdt. Cdn tdn trgng, gi0 gln vd phdt huynhilng truydn th&lg tdt dgp cfia vitn hod dan roc.Ngudi cho ring: "Mudn phdt tridn vln hoii cdc d.ln

u

7h6nt1 litt khou hga .t6'|l CJtuiilu (D(i lt|t 7(hlnq (OntttttJ

tOc phai dy trt nhtng thlnh kidn, phii dodn kdt,thuong yeu, girip dd lln nhau nhu anh em mot

nhe" r0.

Nhftng quan didm trCn cria IId Chf Minh vd

vdn dd dAn t6c vh midn n(i lh nhiing bhi hoc v0 gi6

dd Dang ta kd thira vtr ph6t huy, nhlm cirng cd khdi

dai doin kdt dan toc, xay dung, hoin thi€n chinh

sdch d6i vdi ddng bho ciic d4n tQc vd mi€n ndi.

Trong cOng cuQc ddi mdi ddt nudc, Dang ta

da khing dinh: "Vdn dd dan toc c6 vi tri chidn lu-d. c

l6n"rr' vi d5 dd ra nhfrng chfr truong, chinh sdch

dfng d6n ddi vdi c6c virng dAn tdc thidu sd vh rnidn

nrii: phdt tridn kinh td hhng ho6 nhidu thhnh phdn

pht hqp vdi d{c didm, didu kien t}ng ving, bAo

dAm cho ddng blo cdc dAn t6c khai khdc thd manh

cfia dia phuong, lhm gitru cho rninh vI d6ng g6p

tich crrc vlo sq nghiOp ddi mdi; uu tien ddc bietphr{t tridn gi6o duc - dio tao, coi trong viec diro tao

c6n b0 vb doi ngii tri thfc ngubi dAn tOc thidu sd,

ton trQng vh phdt huy nhtng gi6 tri vtrn hori tot dcp

cira tlng dan toc; quan tAm dac biet d€n c6c v ng

cao, vlng sau, vUng can crl c6ch mang vd kh6ng

chidn cii, tlng budc ngan chan sr1 suy giAm dan s0,

suy giirn ddi sdng cira mOt sd dan tOc thidu sd,

nhim thuc hi0n cho duo. c ba muc tlbu chir ydu ll

xo6 d6i, giim ngheo, xod mI chfr, nlng cao dan tri,

xay dung dOi ngii crin bO ngudi dAn tbc vfng Inanh.

Sau hon 15 nam thuc hien dudrrg loi ddi

mdi cria Ding, tinh hinh cdc virng ddng bho ddn tQc

vl midn niii c6 nhiing brrdc chuydn bidn quan

trong: Quydn binh ding gitra cAc dan t0c can ban

da dudc thd hien tren mgi linh vgc cfia ddi sdng

duo.c cirng c6. Kinh tdmidn nrii vl c6c vilng dAn tQc

tung budc duoc phr4t tridn. Co sd ha tAng kinh td -

xe hoi, ddi sdng nhln dAn duo.c cAi thi€n, mlt bdng

dan tri duoc ncng l0n. Hodn thdnh ph6 cAp girio duc

tidu hoc vI xori m[ ch[. He th6ng trudng phd thong

nOi trf duo.c hinh thinh E tinh, huy0n. Ddi sdng vdn

hori crla ddng blo cdc dan tOc duo.c nAng len, huyen

thdng vln ho6 duoc ton trqng, giil gin vd ph6t huy.

H0 thdng chfnh tri & cric ving dAn t6c brrdc dAu

duo. c cfing cd, tang cudng. An ninh chinh tri vlt

qu6c phdng duoc gifi viing.

Trong bdi cAnh thd gi6i vd trong nu6c hien

nay, vdn dd dan toc dang c6 nhfrng btrdc di6n bidnphfc tap, vila mang tinh dlc thi ri0ng cira m6i

nudc, vita mang tlnh toln cdu. Dan loc, sic toc, t(nl

girio, nhAn qtiydn... luOn luOn lh nhinrg vAn dd nhay

ciun mh ci{c thd luc thtl dich tim rngi crich lgi dung

dd phri hoai, chia rO kh6i doln IiC!. dArrrlQq xe'liQi,

an ninh qudc phbng. DAng ta khing dirth: "Vcn dC

dan toc vd doln koi dan toc lir vA'n dd chidn luoc co -

bin, lau dbri, ddng thdi c0ng ld vdn dd cdp brich hi€n

nay cfia c6ch mang Viet Nam"r2. Cric dan toc trong

c14i gia dinh Viet Naln binh dfrrtg, dohn k€'t, tuong

tro, girip nhau cirng ph6t tridn, cirng nhau phdn ddu

thuc hign thEng loj su nghiep CNFI, HDH dA't nudc.

Phrit tridn toln diOn vd chinh tri, kinh td, viin ho:i,

x6 h6i, an ninh qudc phbng trOn d[a bin vitng dAtt

tdc vI midn nfi; gin tang tru&ng kinh tC vdi gihi

quydt cdc vlfn dd xi hQi, drgc hien t6t chinh sdch

dan tQc, quan tam phdt tridn, bdi dudng ngudn nhAn

luc, chtrm lo xAy drmg dQi ngii cr{n bQ ngudi dan

toc, gifi gin vir phdt huy nhiitrg gi6 tri vdn hod

truydn thdng cfra cdc d&n tdc thidu sd trong su

nghi0p ph6t tridn kinh td - xa hOi chc virng dcn tOc

vrl rnidn ndi, trudc hdt tap trung phtit tridn ccr s& her

tdng, xod d6i giirn nghdo, khai th6c c6 hiOu quA

ddm nang, thd manh cira timg ving di dOi v6i biove InOi trudng sinh thrii. Phtit huy nOi luc. tirth thAn

tr,r lrrc, tg cudng su quan tam h6 trg cira Trung utng

vI su gidp dd cira cdc dia phuong trong cA nudc.

Dd thuc hi0n tdt chinh sdch dln tQc hien nay, trudc

mit cAn thuc hiQn c6 hi€u qui nhfing nhiOrn vu chirydu vi cdp brich sau:

l. Ddy manh cong tdc xozi d6i giArn nghbo, nAng

cao mfc sdng cia ddng blo dAn tOc thidu sd, trong

tArn ll ddng blo & ving cao, vfing sAu, vitng xa.

GiAi quydt ngay nhiing van cld kh6 khan, bt'rc x(c

nhu tinh trang thidu luong thgc, nudc sinh hoat, nhe

&, tu lieu sin xudt, dqng cu sinh ho:1t...

Xay dqng vh thqc hien chien lugc phdt tridn kinh td- x6 hQi vilng bien gidi. Lhrn tdt cdng t6c dinh canh

dinh cu vi di dan xay dung ving kinh td m6i' COng

t6c quy hoach, s6p xOp, phan bd lai dAn cu, ngudn

nhan luc theo hudng CNFI, HDH phii g6n vdi viOc

dim bio an ninh qudc phbng.

2. Tidp tuc thuc hien c6 hi€u qui c6c chuong -

trlnh phi s6ng phrlt thanh, truydn hinh. Tiing

cudng c6c hoat dong v6n hori thong tin, tuyen -

truydn co sd, tang cudng thbi lugng, chSt

luong cdc chuong tr inh phi i t thanh, t ruydn

12

€Jh uq tin khoo hoc rA' j| Clmtu)'ng 4)qi htJt 7(inq Ihftnq

hinh bing t i0ng dAn tQc. Nghien cfu, suu tdm,gi i i g in v i phdt huy cdc gir i t r i , t ruyCn thdng

rdt dgp cfia vdn ho6 c6c dan tQc.'Iang cudngcdc co s6 khdm chila bOnh cho c6c xd, bAn, thOn,

dp. Nang cao c0ng tdc cham s6c srlc khod cho ddng

bdo cdc dAn tQc thidu sd.

3. Thrlc hien chuong trinh phd c{p gi6o duc lrung

hoc co sd vh c6c chuong trinh gido duc midn nrii,

neng cao chdt luo. ng vd hieu qui gi6o duc - tllo tao,

nhdt li h0 thdng truimg phd th6ng d6n t6c nQi trri

c6c cdp, m& rQng vigc d?y chii dan tQc. da d?ng hod

cr{c lo4i hlnh dao tao, bdi dudng, d4y nghd, dua

chudng trinh day nghd vio cdc tnrdng dan toc noitrri. 'tidp tuc thuc hien chfnh srdch uu licn, cfr tuydn

dinh cho con em c6c d0n tQc vlo hoc tai cdc trudngdai hoc, cao ding, rnd them trudng du bi dai. hoc

dan tQc 0 Midn 'Iiung vl 'lhy Nguy0n.

4. Cing cd vI nAng cao chdt luqrg hg thdng chinlt

tri co s& & c{c virng d0n tOc thidu sd. Ki0n quyCt

khic phuc tinh trang quan li€u, xa d{lll cta ln0t s6

cdn b0. Thr;c hien tdt c0ng tdc quy ho?ch, dao tao,

bdi dudng, srl dgng, ddi ngQ c6n bQ ngudi dAn tOc.

Ddy m4nh viOc phdt tridn Ding trong ddng bho c6c

den toc.

5. Xly dung thd tr{n qudc phbng todn dan vI thd

tran an ninh nh&n d6n, phdt huy srlc manh tai ch6,

s:in slng dap tan tnoi arn muu ph/r hoai cua ctic thC

luo thi clich. 'I'ztrig culng c0ng titc cl/rtn biro an ninh

chinh tri, trat tu an tohn xd hQi, khong dd xiy ra

nhilng "didm n6ng" vd 4n ninh, trft,g!-ivUng dan t6c vh midn ndi.

6. Thuc hi€n tdt chinh sfch tin ngudng, ton girio ir

ving dan t6c vl midn nrii,. kiOn qudc ngan chan viQc

lo. i dung chlnh s6ch tU do, tOn gi6o, t\r do t(n ngudng

dd hoat dgng chdng phi khdi dohn kdt toirn diln.phri hoqi sq nghiQp xay dung CNXH.

7. ThUc hign tdt quy chd dfln chrl d co sd, tao didu

kien dd ddng b6o c6c dAn tOc tich cuc tham gia xay

drmg vd gi6m sdt viec thuc hiOn c6c chinh sdch,

chuong trinh, kd hoach phrit tridn kinh td - xf, hoi,

an ninh, qudc phbng d dia phuong. D0ng vien ddng

biro cric d{n toc phdt huy n6i luc, i clti tu luc tu

cudng, tinh thAn vrron lOn trong moi linh vuc c(ra

ddi sOng xa h6i, xay dung ddi sdng A'm no, hanhphric.

'l'huc hien tdt nhihlg nl.rionr vu trelt ttlo lI

chfng ta di v{n dung m6t c6ch sdng tao tu tudng

Hd Chi Minh vd v{n dd dan tQc v} midn nrii vio su

nghiep CNII, I-IDI'I dAt nudc, x{ty dmg v}r biro v0

vihrg ch6c Td qudc Vi0t Narn XIICN, vi dcn gi)ru,

nudc rnanh, xe hoi c6ng blng, dan chir, vln minh,

vfng butlc tidn len hong dre kf XXI.

Tdi IiAu tham khdo:

(1), (2), (3): Hd Chi Minh rodn tdp. NXB CTQG tip 4Tr 217.(4): 116 Chi Minh ban Mp - NXB CTQG tdp 8Tr 165.(5 ), (6): Hd Chi Minh todn t1p - NXB CTQG rQp 9 Tr 17 I .(7): 116 Chi Minh bAn fip - N)B CTQG fip 10Tr'608'(8): Hd Chi Minh todn t1p - NXB C"I'QG ftp 9 Tr 441 .(9): 116 Chi Minh todn t1p - N)0] CTQG tap 9Tr442.()0): DdngcQngsdnviet Nam:Vdn ki(n dqi h6.i dqi biAt rcdnqdc ldn tlntB N)ECTQG HA NQiTr. 125.(lI):NehiquyeihOinghitdnthirTI\CHTWkhodgvdcbngtdctldnsd,tgpchicbngsdnsdllttuing412003.

l3

Oh6nq liu klteto h4r t6'.'| Outi'ttt1. (t)qi hot 76ittg (()17vrr,t

srNH vrcN NGHTeN Cou KHOA HgCTAO RA rrirU O€ CHO VIEC Tu HOC, Tu NGHTCN COU

c6p pxAru NANG cAo cHAr LUoNG DAo rAo"

' 3 - ''-:-"r@ -

o DAIHOC VACAODANGTh.S EQng Vdrt llrottg - Pltdng QLKII &. QIIQT

h(ng ta ddu bidt, gi6o dgc dai hoc lirn0t tdng thd gdm nhidu khftu ddng bovi chrlng li€n quan chat chc vdi nhau.

Dd nAng cao ch{t luong gi6o dgc dai hoc, cAnphii tric d6ng vio tdt ca cac khdu, trong d6hoat ddng nghi€n cfu khoa hoc (NCKH) cfiasinh viOn (SV) ld mQt khdu quan trong se g6pphAn nAng cao ch8t lrrgng dho tao. Sinh vidntham gia NCKH tao ra tidn d€ cho vi€c trr hgc,tu nghicn ctlu g6p phdn nAng cao chflt luongdio tao d dai hgc vd cao ding. SV tot nghicpdai hoc khOng nhtng c6 di kidn thrlc co bAn,

hiQn d4i mi cdn c6 nlng lryc (trong d6 c6

ning luc su pham) r;An dung vh ph6t tridnnh0ng kidn thrtc d6 dd giAi quydt cdc v{n dddo thgc ti6n cong tric dIt ra.

1. Tinh cdp thidt vi dinh hudng hoat d0ng

NCKH cira SV

Trong didu kicn ph6t tridn hdt sfcnhanh ch6ng cfia khoa hoc cOng nghQ, nhdt ll

cOng ngh€ thOng t in, cong ngh0 sinh hoc...trong xu hudng toln cdu hori, luc luong SV c6

thd coi li luc lugng thay thd c6 tidrn ning d6ingii khoa hoc cong ngh€ cfia nu6c nhh. Honhic nio hdt trong ndn kinh td tri thtlc, vai tr6

NCKH le ydu td then chdt rJd nAng cao chdt

luong dio tao vh dd t4o nhan h1c khoa hoc

cOng nghO cho ddt nudc - d6 ld ydu td co bdn

quy€'t dinh str fing trtdng kinh ft'ctid xA h1i.

Muc d(ch NCKH cfra SV l]r g6p phdn

nang cao chat luo. ng dlo tao, qua NCKH sinhvi€n duo.c tidp c{n v<1i nhiing ki0n thtlc mdi vdkhoa lroc cdng nghO, lim qucn vdi c0ng tdc ldchic thuc hiQn NCKH vh co hdi van dungkidn thrlc dd duo.c trang bi dd g6p phdn giAi

quydt cric vdn dd cu thd dat ra trong c6ng tdcvl thuc t i6n.

Hoat d6ng NCKFI crla SV trudng Dai hoc

Hing Vuong d[ c6 nhung vin cbn nh6 b6, d6

li viec NCKH gi6o duc trong cdc ddt thuc tepsu pham, ho{c mOt sd tidu lu{n thay bii kidrntra hoc trinh, hoic b6o c6o nh6 trong mdt HOithio hoc tAp cf ia SV... T'uy nhi0n qua hoatdQng NCKH SV mdi c6 didu ki0n lEn luyQndd thd hien nang luc nghi€n cfu cira rninh.Sinh vi6n NCKH mang t inh tdt yiu dd gr5pphdn nAng cao cha't luong dio tzro cira nhl

trudng.

Kdt lurn H6i rhio:" Ddi mdi PPDH d Dai hocvi Cao ding" nirn 2003 - GS TSKII Thftrudng Bd GD & DT - Trdn Vin Nhung ddkhing dinh: " TIng cudng NCKH ddi v6igiing vien vi SV. Pht<rng phfp dho tao qua

NCKH trong thlrc ti6n girip cho ngudi hoctidn hhnh hoat dQng nh{n thfc khoa hoc, laora ci{c sin phdm li tri thrlc khoa hoc. Ngudihoc sE hoin thiOn vdn tri thric c0a minh du6i

inh hu6ng c&a khoa hoc cOng nghQ. Cho n€nphii thric ddy qur{ trinh NCKH cira SV - n6 s6

tao ra tidn dd cho viec tu hoc tap, tu nghiencriu, ph6t huy ning luc td chrlc hoat dQng gi6o

duc n6i chung".

Sinh vi€n NCKH trong thdi gian tdi duoc dinh

hu6ng theo mQt sd nQi dung sau:

* Tham gia thuc hi€n c6c de tii NCKH, cec

du iin... dudi su hudng d5n cira thAy cd gi6o(ndu c6).

* Tham gia 6p dung nhflng tidn bd cira khoahoc k! thu0t vho thuc ti6n.

* N[ng cao ch[t luong rnon hoc ( vidt tidu

t4

luAn ), dd 6n mOn hoc vi luAn vf,n

* Tham gia thi Olimpic, cic giAi

Trudng, 86 vd cdc gili khdc.

2. Nhftng giii phAp dd n0ng cao

hoat ddns NCKH cira SV

t6t nghi€p.

thuOng cdp

ch{t luong

Dd hoat d6ng khoa hoc c6ng ngh€ cira SV

dat kdt qui cao can:

* C6 sqr quan tam, chdrn lo cira DAng uyi, Ban

Gidm hi€u, Doin TNCS Hd Chi Minh, cira cdc

Khoa, cfia cdc BO mOn vh c6c thdy cO girio.

* Dd thuc hi€n c6 kdt quri phong trdo sinh

vi€n NCKH phii c6 d6i ngii thdy giiio viing vd

chuy€n mdn vd gihu tAm huydt. Nh) trudng d5

nhan thfc duo. c nhu vfly vl thudng xuyen c6

kd hoach bdi dudng dQi ngfi c6n b6, gi6o vi0n,

d{c biQt lh git{o viOn tr6.

* Dd dong vien rong rdi phong trio sinlr vicn

NCKH, c6c phdng ban chrlc nlng cdn phdi

hdp chlt ch€ vdi Doin'vd HOi sinh viOn, Dodn

TNCS Hd Chi Minh d6ng vai trb cdu ndi gifa

Sinh Vi€n - Thdy giSo - Phdng Quin lf

Khoa hoc.

* Su kdt ho.p gifla Trudng - Vi€n - Co sd srin

xuAt ll nhan tO rdt quan trong.

Trudng Dai hoc hi€n nay cdu nghbo vd

trang,thidt bi, cho nOn cdn di sAu viro thuc ti6n

trlc li thAm nhlp vlo c6c Nhh mdy, Xi nghiOp,

Vi0n nghiOn crlu dd tr0n co sd d6 tim dd tii

nghien crlu, tranh thi cdc trang thidt bf dang

c6 d cdc co sd nhy vi sau d6 dua trE lai phuc

vu thuc ti6n sAn xudt.

Trong budi lhm viec rh6ng 4 - 2003 gifra BQ

trudng BQ GD & DT vh 86 trudng B0 KHCN

da khing <linh: cdn phAi g6n kdt cdc Trudng

Dai hoc vdi cdc Vi€n nghi€n cfu ciing nhu

vdi c6c doanh nghiOp, c6 nhu vay mdi nAng

cao chflt lugng d)o tao cfrng nhu chlt luong

cr{c dd tii nghi€n crlu.

* Mrlc dQ hoat dQng NCKII c.ira SV phii phir

ho.p v6i tr)nh dQ v[ yOu cAu hgc t0p ofra SV

ttrng rrdrn, tirni; giai doan: & ninr thf llhdt, thftrJng narn, tung glar do+n: o llalll tl lu ll l lat, tnu

hai khi chua dir kidn thfc dd NCKH thi chring

ta td chfc vidt tidu luAn. thi Olympffifilitr

vAy mdi ttng bu6c bdi dudng vd nflng cao ddn

nhAn thrlc vd chuy€n nginh cho SV.

3. Nhtng bien ph6p thilc ddy hoat ddng

NCKH trong SV

Mot trong nhilng nhi€rn vu chir yCu cta phdng

Quin lj Khoa hoc (QLKH) l:i phdi hop v6i

phbng Ddo t4o, Khoa, 86 mdn, Doln thanh

ni€n vi Hqi SV dd t6 chrlc cdc hoat dong

NCKH cira SV, hudng d5n - kidm tra phong

trio NCKH vh td chfic circ HOi nghi Khoa hoc

c[ta SV.. .

Dd thuc hiOn nhiOrn vu tren, trong thdi gian

tdi, phdng QLKFI se thd chd ho{ tltitnh quy

che. D6 lir rnQt quy tr')nh kh6p kirt chltt chO

phdi hgp nhip nhing tt cdc Khoa, Bo m6n,

Phbng Ban chrlc ndng, Doin, HOi sinh vi€n tdi

Ban Giirm hiOu vir lir cOng vi0c li6n tuc nim

ndy qua ndm kh6c. Tuy nhi0n dd phong tr i ro

NCKH SVphrit tridn r6ng kh6p vir c6 chdt

luong cao cdn tlp trung vdo rn[y vdn dd sau:

* Ddu nlm hoc, phdng QLKH lfp k6 hoaclt

gfii xudng ciic don vi kd hoach cfia ci nf,rn vi

m6i khoa chon.mOt sd SV xul t s ic nhat dd

giao nhi€rn vu NCKH cho ting SV nhy. C6

thd n6i day ld hat nhAn cho phong trr'io NCKH

cria SV trong nf,m hoc.

* Su phdi hop chit ch6 giiia phbng QLKH vlt

Doln thanh ni6n.

Chi c6 thdng qua cdc hoat d6ng cira

Doin, c6ng tdc NCKH cria SV m6i thlm nh&p

vdo moi doin vi€n, SV mdi hidu duoc loi ich

trong vi6c tham gia NCKH, cdc kh6 khan cdn

duoc gi6i quydt nhu tim dd tii, tim hidu vd

chuyOn ngdnh, t im thay.. .

* Phbng QLKH kdt hop v6i Doln td chrlc cdc

ll6i thiro chuyOn clC, chaing han: Nhrn 2004 c(r

l5

I-l0i theo "Thuc trang vd NCKH cira SV rrongtrudng Dai hoc Hing Vrrong, nhfrng kh6 khalnvar thuan lcri ". DAy thuc su lir didn. dln crjaSV, qua d6 SV mdi thd hicn duoc nhilngmong rnudn cira rninh, nhfng nguy€n vong virkien nghi ddi vdi Ldnh dao trudng vl cfingqua nhfrng ldi tAm su chdn thdnh clra c6c thlygi6o di trudng thdnh qua qu6 trinh tham giasinh vi€n NCKH khi cbn ngdi rrOn ghd nh)trudng. Qua d6 SV nhtn thirc vd su cdn rhidtcdn phi i tham gia NCKFI ngay khi cdn ngditr€n ghd nhd trudng.

* Td chr?c cdc budi giao lrru vdi ci{c trudngban, vdi c i ic nhi doanh nghi0p 116 Ching hanv6i chir dd "Thanh ni0n rbn luy0n hoc tltp vingly mai lap nghicp" qua d6 SV c0p nhttdu<rc th6ng tin kinh t0 - xI h6i dd khi rdi ghdnhl trudng nh{n thdy minh kh6ng cdn bd ngdvdi xft hdi.

* Dd c6 duoc mdi ti6n' h€ gifra Trudng, Vi€n,

C0ng ty. . . Doln t l ranh ni0n rrhir t rudng phdi

hdp v6i phdug QLKH se dlt ndn rnring chorndi giao luu tld tudi 116 giila circ don vi cingkdt hop nghien cfu vi rridn Utlr,t:;_'*,,.*..'

* 'hong giai doan khi mh kinh phf cho sinhviOn NCKH rdt han hep, viOc tinr cfc bi€nph6p khen thudng kip thdi lar het srlc cdn thidtdd dOng vi€n phong trdo sinh vi€n NCKH.

Ngoli vi6c td chfc tdng kdt khen thuEng cudinim cho nhtng cdng trinh xudt sic, tidn tdiNhd trudng sE c{p cht'nrg chi cho ciic ern SVtham gia NCKH. C6 thd n6i day ll rn6r viOclim gitip cho SV bd sung them vio hd so tdrnghi0p khi ra trudng vir vi0c nhy s6 c6 hi0uqui ddi vdi c6c em khi vilo cdc co quan, c0ngty nh|n cOng viOc ciing nhu khi cric ern tidptuc duoc ddo tao & c6c blc hoc cao hon.'f{t

cir cric bicn phrip neu tron nhiirn dua c6ngt:ic NCKH cira SV dat duoc kOt qui, g6p phdn

ndng cao chit lugng dio tao cira nhd trudng.

Tii li6u tham khiro

I - 86o Ciiio duc vh 'lhdi dai.

2 - 'l ap chi NghiOn cfu Gir4o duc.

3 - K;i ydu HOi thio "Ddi mdi phuong ph6p day - hoc ir Dai hoc, Cao ding", th6ng 3 nim 2003 rai trudlgDIJ Srt pham III NOi 2, XuAn Hotr, Wnh Phirc

t6

liu khou lt

NGHTEN cUu sO DVNG NGO Ho 2ooo rHAY f,Hf NGO THUoNG

of cnAru NuOI GA rHlT vA LoN THIT ,-,--,^*n-,t..-

PGS.IS. Cao Vdn - Trudtry Dqi trac Hitng Vuotg

TS. Hodng l'odtt Thdng; TS. Phant Dirc Chtto'g ' Tnfing Dai hoc Thdi NguyAn

Ng6 HQ 2000 thro. c viQn nghian crn ng6 TW chgn tqo, khi plfin tich ?id tt i ditth dtdng cfia ng6

ItQ 2000 vd n|a hud,t8 thd'y ng6 IIQ 2000 c6 giti tri dirlt dtdng cao ltttrr, dqe biet ldm I ( ry Protei vd

2 axit amin thiA? y^ir Lisine vt) Tripthoplmn. Khi st? dtt g ngA HQ 2000 thay tltt'ngA rlnrbtg dd nu'i lon

thit vd gd thlt rhi c6 kci qwi tdnS trons tdt hon,lti? qud kinh tdcao hdn'

DIt vdn dd c6c dia phuorg sen xudt ngo IIQ lrcn dien rOng

Dd <ldp ting nhu cdu txng trudng viing chic cira nhirm thay thd cdc gi0ng ngO cii trudc dAy'

ngdnh ch6n nuoi, mot vdn dd c6.tArn cuan tr_ons ll Du_o. c su gitip ttd crra chuong

l6n ll phii ttng bu6c t)m cr4c bi0n phrip ha gi6 gidng ngO IIe 2000 cira Vi.n

thhnh thrlc 4n cho chdn nu0i, vi thtlc t1n chiern tf chring tdi dn tridn khai dd tli :

trinh nghiOn cfiunghi0n cLlu Ng0,

ngO HQ - 2000

nu6i lrrn thil, git

chat ludng tdt. xudt dai trl dd phuc vu chdn nu6i.

NgO HQ do Vi€n nghien crlu NgO Trung Ddi tuons. noi duns vi PP nehi€n crifu :

uong chon tao va budc ddu dua ra sin xudt trong Ddi tumg : G6m 900 gI thit giong luong phuong,

thdi gian vira qua ld su di{p fng kip thdi nhu cAu 72 ldn thit gidng Landrace'

trong chi phi t6i TOVo trong girf thlnh s.n phdrn

chdn nu0i. Mdt trong nhtng bi0n prip d6 lir srl dung

hqp lf ngu6n nguyOn li€u thtlc [n gia s(c dia

phudng, mat khdc ra sfc Jim tbi cdc ngu6n thfc hn

mdi c<j chdt luong dinh dudng cao hon, kd ci corr

cluirng si.r dung cOng nghO sinh hoc chon tao gi6ng

c&y trdng dd c6 nhtng gidng Indi ndng su{t cao'

" Nghi6n c(ru sfr dqng

thay thd ngo thrrirng dd chrln

thi t" .* Muc ti6u cria tli thi :- Ddnh gid hi€u quA srl dung ngO HQ 2000

thay thd ngo thudrtg dd chtln nuoi lo. n thit, gI thit.- C6 co s& khoa ltoc v2t lhuc ticn g6p ph{in

khuydn c6o phd cap gi0ng rrg0 HQ niry vho sin

'l'hi nghiOm m6i loai vAt nuoi du-d. c chia litn

310 tldrrg tl€u vi gidng, tudi, t(nh bi0t. Khric nhau

vd khdu phdn. L0 DC srl dung khiiu ph{in 1007o ng6

thudng, l0 'lNl thay ng6 thtJdrrg bing 1007o ngo

HQ, lO TN2 507o ngd thudng + 50% ng6 IIQ.

NOi dung nghidn cfu :- Thdnh phdn dinh dudng ngo IIQ 2000 vI

cric loai thrlc 6n thi nghiQm.- Nghien crlu s& dung ngO FIQ 2000 cho lon

thit vi gd thit.

Phurmg phdp nghi6n criu : PhAn t(ch axit

amin bing miiy tu dong Biochrom 20 cfra Thuy

Didn vl cr{c phuong phrip thi nghiOm ohln ntrOi

sAn xu{t chf,n nuOi. Tuy nhiOn trudc lnOt d6i tuong

gidng c0y thtlc 5n rndi, vi0c tridn khai cric nghi0n

cfu sri dung cho chln nuOi clin phiri dit ra vir tiOrl

hlnh 1n6t c6ch cdn trong. Nhidu vdn dd nghi€n crtu

cdn phii dAt ra khi dua gidng ngO I{Q vdo phuc vu

chln nu0i. Trong d6, viOc trl ldi clu h6i : Sir dung

ngo HQ dd chdn nuoi lqn thit, gl thit li9u c6 g6p

phdn tang nang sudt chdn nuoi, ha gi6 thinh vd chi

phi thfc an, vd lieu c6 thidt thuc mang lai hieu qui

cho ngudi lao d0ng kh6ng ?

Day ld vdn dd cdn thi6t phAi duoc nghien

crtu khio nghi0m trudc hdt, dd kip thdi khuydn c6o rhu&rg quy.

t t

Vhduq tiu lchou hoa ,t6'Jl C7ru6lu1 1)!i hor 7(tiuq |-()uotttl

Dia <Iiim nghiCn cfu 3 Trai chan nuoi 1. K6't qui nghiGn crlu thinh phdn dinh drr0ng

I{uyen Phd Y€n, tinh Th6i Nguy0n tt 312O03 <l€n cira hat ngO HQ 2000 so vdi ngO thu0ng.l2l2oo3. -_2;o*n.'

' "'

@:Iting 1. ThAnh phdn dinh dudrrg crla hat nger HQ 2000 so vdi ngd thuimg

---*---___ ,Giring ngOC:ic chi ti6u

--------"- DVT Ngo HQ Ngo thrdng Ngo lai VN

T;i lQ nudc Vo l t ,4 12,0Protein tho Vo 1t,46 8.80 9,00Lipit tho o/o 4,56 3,90 4.60Xd th6 Vo 2,26 1,40 t . J+

Khodng 9o 1.62 1,40 | ' \ a

Ca Vo o.2l o,22 o.22P Vo 0,28 0,28 0,27D5n xudt vO dam Vo

'to,59 73.O4 '11,26

Lvsine/Protein TS Vo 4,O7 2,90 2,50Tryptophan/Pr TS Vo 0,86 0.50 0,60Nane luqne trao ddi Kcal/kg J 5 5 2 3225 3324

NXBNN 20ol).Kdt qui phan tich c6c chi tieu dinh dudng HQ 2000 ld ngd giAu dam. Vd 2 axit amin Lisine

thong thutmg cho thdy ng6 HQ 2000 c6 hlm luong va Trypptophan lh 2 axit amin thigt ydu cfia ng6

VCK dat 904,9 EkE, ngo thuimg <lar 886,0 g/kg HQ 2000 cao hon hln ngo thudng, c6 thd goi ngd

th{p hon 2,O6 /o; h\m luo.ng protein d4t I14,6glkg, FIQ 2000 la ngd chdt lugrrg cao.

ngo thudng chi dat 88,0 g/kg chenh lQch nhau t<li 2. Kdt qu6 thl nghiem tren gA thit :

26,6 gkg tuong rturg vdi 3},34io. C6 thC goi ngo

2. Thinh axit amin cria s0 Vo theo

STT Chi thi6u phAn tich Ngo HQNgd thuong

!r Ngd HQ/ngo thudng (7o)

I AS partic fr 55 6.40 r02.34Threonine 3,88 3.40 I 14 .1 I

J Serine 5 't') 4,00 133.00Glycine < ? 6 4,20 t2'7.62

) Proline ? 0 5 8.00 99.376 Glvcine 5 ? 6 4.20 t27.627 Alanine 7.20 '14.02

8 Cysteine 2.499 Valine 5:49 4,30 t27.67l0 Methionine t .45 I ,90 76.31l l lzoleucine 4.4r 5,60 18.7512 Leucine 9.17 12,t0 75.78I J Tyzosine z,5o 5. l0 46.27T4 Phenvlalanine

'7,41 5,00 148.20l5 Histidine 5.42 3,70 r46.48l 6 Lysine 4,89 3.30 148.18t7 Ammonium 4,5218 Arginine 7,34 4.40 166.82l 9 'liyptophan o,25 0,1 I 227.27

(*Ngudn : Thinh phdn hod hoc vd gi6 tri dinh du0ng thrlc {n gia stic Vi0t Nam - Vien chdn nuOi -

l8

Clhinq lin khor hqe 16' .'| Clnt?iztt1 {/)1i hqn 7(hlug rQ6rrrt

Kdt qui theo d6i khdi lrrong cfra dhn girqua c6c ki can, chfng toi tr)nh bay d bing 3.

Iting 3. Khdi luong binh quan qua cdc kj cin (grlcon).

TuAntudi

L6 DC1007o ngd thutmg

La) TNI1007o ngO HQ

LO TN2

50Vo ng0 thudng + 50Vo ngb,HQ

X*mt

So

s6nh

(vo)X l m t

So s6nh

(vo) X+mtSo sdnh

(vo)

SS 37 ,93 + 0,21 100 38,0 + 0,21 100 3'7,94+0,22 100

2 249,67 + 5,40 100 t 7 ( ) n - L ? o 1 1r2,O 273,33 + 4,65 109,00

591,34 + 16,05 t00 584,67 + t3,52 98,87 595,67 + t3,06 101,00

6 1196,67 j.31,62 100 I175,00 + 28,65 99,10 I188,33 + 34,53 96,00

8 1650,0b + 47,88 100 1710,0* + 58,40 103,60 t '79,67^ + 33,17 108,60

10 2158,33b + 55,73 100 2236,67^b+ 55,07 r03,62 2339,46" + 50,52 108,39

(Theo hdng ngang, nhilng sd trung binh mang chil

cdi khr{c nhau thi su sai kh6c c6 f nghia thdng

ke).

NgolLi ra chfng toi cdn theo d6i tf l€ nuoi

sdng, ngoai hinh vh tinh hinh cAm nhi6m benh tAt.

Khi sft dgng ng6 HQ 2000 thay thd ngo

thrrdng, trong ctng mot didu kien chlm s6c, nuoi

dr-tdng nhrr sau, tr€n ndn thfc dn nhrr nhau, dOn l0

tudn tudi cho th{y :

- L0 gtr nuOi bing l00o/o ngo IIQ 2000 c6

ti lC nuOi s6ng cao han (95,00Vo so vdi 93,00olo),

gd c6 ngo4i hlnh dgp hon, duo. c kh6ch hlng ua

chuOng vl thd hien 16 hon thOng qua mlu s6c

l6ng da b6ng mugt, tudi hon.

- Tinh hlnh nhi6m bOnh 6 cric 16 gd nhu

nhau, c6c bQnh xiy ra d€u li nhiing b€nh thrrdng

xuy€n ddi vdi gd nudi up trung 6 dia phuong.

- L0 stl dung 1007o ngO IIQ 2000 cri tlng

trgng cao hon 16 ddi chtng 8,4Vo, ti0u t6n thfc

t9

Ohtutq. litr lehou htlr 16'.:l €1ru6?u1 (/)qi ltor 7(hiru Qnoitu

Anllkg tlng trong giim ll,SOVo, hi0u qui kinh tC

dat cao t6i tudi xudt bdn, tiOu tdn thfc an lkg gl

thdp hon, tidt kiem chi phi vd thfc an cho lkg rhit

gd, lo. i nhuAn vd kinh td s€ dat du-d. c cao hon. Chi

ph( vd thr?c 6n cho lkg gh thit & 16 1007o ng6 HQ

ld th{p nhdt, sau d6 le b 50Vo ngd HQ, cao nhdt

lh l0 nu0i bdng lOOTo ngd thudng, didu d6 cho

thdy : gi6 thhnh cria lkg thit gl 6 l0 nudi bang

ng6 HQ thdp nhdt, 16 ney c6 hi0u qui kinh td cao

nh{t.

Theo k6t qua bang 4 cho th{y : Khdi lrrong lon kdt

thric thi nghiem E ba l0 thi nghiern ll khric nhau (p

< 0,001 d0 tin cAy ltr 99,9o/o), trong d6 ldn d l0 sil

dung 1007o HQ t6ng trong cao nhdt.

Ngohi ra chring tOi cdn nghi€n ctfu vd ti€u

t6n thfc an, hi0u qui kinh td cfia thi nghiOm.

Dtng ngd HQ 2000 dd thay thd ngO thudng

trong khdu phdn trn cria lon nu6i thit c6 mOt sd uu

vi9t va hieu qua nhdt dinh :

- Vd mrlc mng trqng : A l0 thi nghiQm I tfc

l0 dtng 1007o ngo HQ 2000 c6 mfc tang trong ldn

nhdt vd kd ddn le 16 thi nghi€tn 2 (dtng 507o ng6

3. K6't qu6 nghidn ctlu sfr dung ng6 HQ 2000

cho chin nuOi lrrn thit.

, *Kdt quA vdl tdc tlo sinh

trrrdng tich lu! cira lo.n thf nghi0m dudc thC hien

bing khdi lugng qua c6c kj c&n, du-d. c theo d6i

sau khi xft lf thdng ke, kdt que thu duoc bidu hiOn

d bring sau : '

I'lQ vii 507o ngO thuimg), cdn th{p nhdt lir 016 ddi

chfng (1007o ngO thudng). Ndu so sdnh v6i l0 d6i

chthrg thl l0 thi nghiem I mng 13,92 7o vh l0 thi

nghiQnr 2 l6ng 4,84 Vo.

- Vd tidu tdn thfc 6n cho lkg tang trgng

chring toi thdy 6 l0 thi nghiQm I ld thdp nhdt chi c6

2,87 kg,6l0 thf nghiQrn 2 lh 3,l kg vd cao nhdt ltr

l0 ddi chfng : 3,3 kg thrlc In. Ndu so sdnh vdi l0

ddi chfng thi 010 thi nghiem I giim dugc l3,lVo

ve E 16 thi nghiem 2 gihm duo. c 6,1 % ti6u tdn thfc

An.

Bing 4. Khdi lu<rng cia ldn thi nghidm qua cric k) c6n (kg).

LO

Di6n

giii

LO DC

10070 ng6 thudng

LO TNl

1007o ngd HQ

L0'tN2

507o ngb thutmg +

507o ng(r HQ

A ! m i CY(Vo) Xrmt CY(Vo) X*m" Cv(Vo)

P bit ddu TN 19,20 + 0,5'l . 9,03 19,40 + 0,53 7,31 19,50 + 0,52 8,10

P 30 ngly TN 37,33 + 0,56 4,28 41,30 + 0,64 4,68 39,10 + 0,50 3,85

P 60 nghy TN 60,50+ I , l2 \ ) 2 66,45 + 0,89 4,02 62,80 + I,30 6,21

' I \ ><DC DC><TN2

20'

- Vd rnnt chi ph( thfc an tren I kg tlng trong thi ar

l0 thi nghi€m I chi phi thdp nhdt : 7460 d, l0 thi

nghi€rn 2 : 8107 d, trong khi d6 A l0 ddi chtng chi

hdt 8654 d.

- Qua 3 chi tieu tren cung m6t sd chi tieu

khdc chring tdi cho ring : C6 thd thay thd ngO I{Q

2000 cho chdn nuOi lon thit vh nOn thay rh€ IOOVo

dd dat drroc hiOu qui cao nhA't.

K6't luin :

- Ngo IIQ 2000 ld gidng ngO cti chdt ltrolrg

Protein n6i rieng vd chdt ludng dinh dudng n6i

chung cao. NgO HQ c6 ti le Protein 1I,46Va - cao

hdn ng6 thtimg 2,66Vo ve cao hdn ng6 lai 2,46Vo.

Ngo HQ c6 su can doi axit amin tdt hdn ngo

thudng, c6 ti le axit amin lyzin vir tryptophan cao

hon 1,48 ldn vd 2,27 ldn so vdi ngO thudng, c6 kha

nang lh ngudn thrlc ln exn d6i chung axit amin

trong khdu phAn cho lo. n vh gir.'

- Ddi vdi gh thit: cho ti le nuoi sdng cao

hon ddi chrlng 2Vo cho tdt'tg trqng cao h('n l0 doi

chrlng 8,6 Vo, ti tdn thfc Inlkg ttlng trong giarn

tit 4,20Vo tdi II,SVo, tidt kiern duo. c chi phi thtlc

anlkg gtr til 401 d dcn 1.092 d (uj' theo rnric d0

thay th6 50Vo hay l00vo ng0 thuong bing ngo I'IQ).

'I'r\i li0u tharn khio :

l. Cil Thi Thuj Nga - LuAn vdn Thac si khoa hoc n0ng nghiOp DIINLTN 2002.

2. D6 'Ihi Phrrong - Lu{n vdn 'lhqc si khoa hgc ndng nghiQp DHNLTN 2002.

3. Cao Vln, L0 Minh Todn - Dd tli nghien cttu cdp bQ DIITN 2004'

- Ddi vdi lon thit : Cho mt'rc tirng ttong tdnll

tit 4,84Vo tdi l3,92%o so v(vi l0 ddi chfng stl dung

loogo ng| thudrrg. Mrlc tieu tdn I hfc- fui&g.:Ft.d{ra'

lon thit chi h8 2,8'1 kg cho l0 [n l00o/o HQ (thf

nghi€rn t) trong khi 16 thi nghi0rn 2 in 50olo FIQ +

5OVo ngb thudng hdt 3,I kg, l0 ddi chfng l0OVo ngd

thudng hdt tdi 3,3 kg. Npu so sr4nh vdi l0 ddi chfng

thi 16 thi nghiOrn I giAIn duo.c 13,1olo, cbn thi

nghiOrn 2 chi gi6rn 6,17o. Yd chi phf thirc rn/kg

r6ng trong, ld rhi nghicm I th{p nh{t hdt 7.460d, I0

thi nghi0nr 2 hdt 8.lO7d tr-ong khi tlti l0 ddi chting

hdt 8.654d.

- Tir kdt qui srl dung [lQ cho lon thit vd gi

thit cho ̂ lhdy s& dung ngo HQ thay thd hohn toen

ngO thudng cho kdt qui cao nh{t.

2l