UNIT 2: Matter and EnerID'. RM32Lesson 6: Periodic Table Families

Understanding Valence Electrons

The models In the table below show various atoms in which the center black circle represents the nucleus andthe rings represent energy levels. Electrons are shown only on the outermost energy level of each model. Usethe Periodic Table of Eiements to provide the missing Information.

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Gateways to Science, STAAREdition, Grade 8© REGION 4 EDUCATiON SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED,

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UNIT 2: Matter and EnerID'. RM 32 continuedLesson 6: Periodic Table Families

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@)Interpreting Data and Drawing Conclusions

1, Which of the eight elements in the table is least likely to gain or lose electrons? Why?

2, Which of the eight elements Is most likely to lose only one electron? Why?

3, Which of the eight elements Is most likely 10gain only one electron? Why?

4, Explain why all eigh1of the elements in the tabie are iocated an the same horizontal row of the PeriodicTable,

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

r Nonmetals Metalloids 1Metals

STUDENT JOURNAL 8.5C: PeriodicTableMatter and Energy

Part I: Patterns and Codes, continued1. How many periods are shown on the Periodic Table? _

2. How Is the number of energy levels in an atom related to period number?

3. To which period does the lanthanide series belong? Actinide? _

4. Use the observed pattern to predict the energy level number of the valence shell forthe followingneutral atoms:

Rb - Rubidium (atomic number 37) _

Cs- Cesium (atomic number 55) _

Fr - Francium (atomic number 87) _

All elements ofthe Lanthanide series _

All elements of the Actinide series --, _

NI- Nickel (atomic number 28) _

Hg- Mercury (atomic number 80) _

Kr - Krypton (atomic number 36) _

5. What pattern do you see as you compare elements that belong in groups 1A to 8A on the PeriodicTable?

6. Use this observed pattern to predict how many valence electrons would be found in the followingneutral atoms:

I-Iodine (atomic number 53) _

Ra- Radium (atomic number 88) _

Ga-Gallium (atomic number 31) _

Sn - Tin (atomic number 50) _

Sb- Antimony (atomic number 51)

Rn- Radon (atomic number 86) _

7. Use the Periodic Table to name: the element with two valence electrons in the fourth energy level

; and, the element with six valence electrons in the second energy level----------------

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STUDENT JOURNAL 8.5C: Periodic TableM alter and Energy

Part II: Putting It All TogetherFundamental Question: What does the atomic (lumber represent?

Use this example to answer questions #1 and #2. ·X:1. The example shown would be a member of group _2. Use a Periodic Table to list the chemical symbols for each member of the group that Is represented

by the example.

3. Use a red marker to draw valence electrons as dots for a member of group 4A on the X.

x4. Use a red marker to draw valence electron dots around each member of the group 4A elements

using their chemical symbols below Instead of the X.

Si Sn Pbc ·Ge5. Use the Periodic Table and a red marker to draw valence electron dots around the chemical

symbols for each of the following elements:

K o H N Ca6. When moving from left to right in a period, the number of valence electrons _7. When moving down the table, the energy level number oft he shell that is filled by electrons

increases and corresponds with the _8. When moving down the table within a specific group, all element group members have the same

numberof _

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