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IGA 412: The Geopolitics of EnergyProfessor Meghan L. O’Sullivan
Harvard University’s Kennedy School Spring 2015
Syllabus as of 12 January 2015
INDEX:
SECTION 1: Contact Information (page 2) SECTION 2: Course Description (page 3) SECTION 3: Course Policies, Assignments & Grading (page 4) SECTION 4: Class Schedule (page 6) SECTION 5: Required Texts & Reading List (page 16)
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SECTION 1: Contact Information
Faculty: Professor Meghan L. O’Sullivan
Faculty Office: Littauer 329
Faculty Telephone: (617) 496-4308
Faculty Email: [email protected]
Faculty Assistant: Jamina Coleman for class related questions; Lauren Bloomberg for scheduling matters.
FA Office: Littauer 376A
FA Telephone: (617) 496-2737
FA Email: [email protected][email protected]
Office Hours: Tuesdays from 2:15-4:15pm (starting Jan 26th). Please sign up on sheet posted on door of L329; new sheet posted every Tuesday at 445pm.
Course Assistants: Scott QuigleyJaffar al-Rikabi
CA Email: [email protected][email protected]
Classes Times: Mon and Wed from 2:40 PM – 4:00 PM in Littauer 230
Discussion Group Sessions (voluntary) To continue class discussions; to discuss careers; to bring additional voices to class
Every other Tuesday from 5-6pm: Feb 10 and 24March 10 and 24April 7 and April 21
Assignment submissions: Share Folders and Files via Dropbox with [email protected]
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SECTION 2: Course Description
Energy has long been a major factor in the formulation of country strategies, the exercise of national power, and in shaping international politics and security. As both concerns about energy security and pressures to reduce carbon emissions intensify, countries are grappling to situate their energy policies in the broader context of their grand strategies. Recent tensions between Israel, Turkey, Cyprus, and Lebanon over recent natural gas findings in the Mediterranean Sea, China’s seemingly relentless global quest for natural resources, and sanctions on oil exports from Iran due to its nuclear pursuits demonstrate the nexus between international politics and energy needs. Amidst these developments, a revolution in unconventional oil and gas is occurring in North America, the geopolitical implications of which are being felt by countries from Europe to Japan.
The Geopolitics of Energy will examine this intersection between international security, politics, and energy issues. The course takes energy security as its launching point, exploring not only how countries shape their grand strategies to meet their energy needs, but also how such actions have implications for other countries and the international system. It looks at new technologies and innovations – such as those making the extraction of shale gas and tight oil economical – and how they are changing patterns of trade and could shape new alliances. Finally, while acknowledging that oil and gas will be dominant for the next 20-40 years, the course considers the consequences of a successful shift away from petroleum based economies to anticipate how a new energy order will alter global politics in fundamental ways.
Four pursuits define the course. Students can expect to 1) gain a greater understanding of the energy security concerns of producer and consumer countries; 2) identify and analyze how countries have altered their foreign policies, domestic efforts, and military strategies in light of such concerns; 3) examine shifting trends in the energy realm, with a major focus on the unconventional revolution; and 4) anticipate new patterns and structural shifts in the international environment in light of these trends.
The course begins with an introductory section examining how energy has been a major determinant of the international system in the past and exploring the current landscape in terms of markets, governments, businesses, and international institutions. It then turns to examine resource realities, including a deep dive into the unconventional revolution, the rise of resource nationalism, and the nature of the resource curse. The course then examines a number of ways – in the past, present, and possibly, in the future – how energy has been used as a means to project power; we look at how OPEC, Russia, and others have used energy to advance broader national security aims. The next section then explores the reverse: how countries and entities have used their more conventional military, political, and economic power to protect and secure energy; how should we view the U.S. presence in the Gulf or China’s actions in Africa? After a brief examination of national security strategies and their geopolitical implications, the final section of the class focuses on new energy, asking how future developments in energy innovation will affect the nature of politics and security.
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SECTION 3: Course Policies, Assignments, and Grading
IGA 412 is a graduate level course appropriate for those with an interest in energy and international security and strategy. There are no prerequisites for the course. The focus of the readings, lectures, class conversations and projects will be more political and strategic than technical in nature. Students must be able to attend all classes; absence from more than one class may be reflected in a student’s grade. They should expect to arrive on time and be prepared to actively participate in class. No laptops will be permitted in the classroom except for those of students who are making presentations. Cell phone use is also prohibited during class. Students will be held to the highest standards of academic honesty and integrity.
Student evaluation will be based on a variety of inputs as outlined in the box below. There will be no final exam.
Activity/Assignment Percentage of Grade
Date due
General class participation: The class participation grade involves several components: Being part of the general class conversation; the
course schedule indicates specific questions that will be addressed in class; students should be prepared to discuss them and to be cold-called.
Participating in class debates as structured around the “Take a Position” assignments.
Being part of a presentation upon completion of a group project (see below).
20% NA
Write two of six proposed policy memos: Students can choose which memos to write. Memos should be 3 pages in length (more will not
be read, less is not recommended), single-spaced, 12pt times new roman font, with one-inch margins
Memos area due by 9pm the evening before the day the topic will be discussed in class.
Memos should NOT have footnotes or formal citations, but you should still give credit to a particular source in the body of the memo if you are borrowing directly from it; A list of references (and charts/graphs) may be included at the end of the memo and will not count against the page limit.
35% (17.5% each)
Various days
throughout the
semester, indicated
below
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Please name your files according to the convention: “Last Name, First Name – Policy Memo Option N” where N is the option number; Please be sure to include your name and the assignment name/number in the body of your file as well.
Address two of six “Take a Position” propositions delineated in the class schedule below. Students will be asked to argue for or against the proposition by submitting a view of no more than 350 words 9pm the evening before the day the topic will be discussed in class.
Please name your files according to the convention: “Last Name, First Name – Take a Position N” where N is the option number; Please be sure to include your name and the assignment name/number in the body of your file as well.
20% Various days
throughout the
semester
Group Project on the Geopolitics of Non-Fossil Fuel Energies. Each student will be part of a team responsible for writing a study of a maximum of 20 pages (single spaced, one inch margins, 12 point font, graphs and charts can be supplemental and do not count toward page limits; bullets permissible) on a non-fossil fuel energy source. The studies will address the main challenges associated with the fuel, map out what the prospects are for overcoming these challenges, and addressing the geopolitical shifts that a widespread adoption of this energy source would entail. We will do our best to accommodate student preferences between biofuels, coal, geothermal, methane hydrates, nuclear, solar, and wind. Groups will have opportunities to make presentations in the final third of the class.
25% Various Dates
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SECTION 4: Class Schedule
Please note that the schedule below may change in small respects – in terms of the sequence and possibly timing of certain classes – to accommodate guest speakers or exciting opportunities as they arise. We will do our best to give you plenty of advance notice.
Class Date Topic Main Questions Assignment
UNIT 1: ENERGY AS A DETERMINANT OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND SECURITY
1 FridayJanuary 23
Shopping Day: Introduction; Overview of Course and Requirements
What is the “geopolitics of energy”? How has the idea of energy security evolved?
Two sessions will be held during the 2:40-3:55pm slot. L230
2 MondayJanuary 26
Energy as a Determinant of International Politics and Security
How have energy transitions transpired in the past? What is a strategic commodity? How has energy, as a strategic commodity shaped the international system in the past? To what extent has energy determined alliances, the outcomes of wars, the pace of development, and the rise and fall of empires?
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
3 WednesdayJanuary 28
The Global Energy Landscape: Demand, Supply, and Price
What are the factors influencing global energy markets and the major trends on today’s energy landscape? What factors are driving the fundamentals (demand, supply, and price)? What are the projections for
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
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demand and supply – what challenges do they portend? To what extent does supply and demand depend on geopolitical factors? What is the role of governments in moving away from oil and gas toward alternative energies today and in the future?
4 Monday February 2
The Unconventional Revolution in Oil and Gas in North America
What accounts for the massive uptick in production of shale gas and tight oil in the United States? What are the uncertainties surrounding the trajectory of this revolution – environmental, geological, political? Through what mechanisms will this unconventional revolution affect geopolitics?
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
5 WednesdayFebruary 4
The Potential for the Unconventional Revolution to Go Global
What was the perhaps unique set of factors – beyond technology and geology – that led to the explosive growth in production in the United States? How likely is it that other countries will enjoy the same benefits from their unconventional resources?
Take a Position Option 1: The revolution in unconventional energy in the United States will not be replicated abroad.
Wednesday February 4 5:00-
6:30 PM
Class Happy Hour Location TBCCome join your classmates, Scott, Jaffar,
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and me in an informal setting!
6 Monday February 9 Guest Speaker
UNIT 2: RESOURCE REALITIES
7 WednesdayFebruary 11
POLICY MEMOThe Resource Curse
What are the components of the alleged “resource curse? How does the discovery and exploitation of resources affect the development of a country’s political institutions? Is the resource course inevitable? What policy advice would you give President Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone, President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan, or President Ollanta Humala of Peru – leaders of three countries who recently discovered potentially significant amounts of natural resources?
Policy Memo Option 1: What advice would you give one of the presidents of Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, or Peru about how to develop his country’s natural resources?
MondayFebruary 16
HOLIDAY:PRESIDENT’S
DAY
8 Wednesday February 18
POLICY MEMOResource Nationalism: The Case of Latin America
What has given rise to national oil companies and what are the implications for their control over vast amounts of reserves?
Policy Memo Option 2: What advice would you,
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What roles do NOCs often play in the development of a country? How have some countries sought to reform their NOCs and introduce greater competition? How does the unconventional revolution in energy create new incentives or disincentives for resource nationalism and NOCs?
as the energy advisor to Mexican President Pena Nieto, give your boss about successfully reforming Pemex, the Mexican national oil company?
9 Monday February 23
Resource Endowments and the Nature of the State: what is the relationship between democracy and oil?
How does the discovery and exploitation of resources affect the development of a country’s political institutions? Will a decline in the price of oil help or hinder political reform? Have the revolutions in the Arab world told us anything about the resilience of regimes reliant on oil revenues?
Take a Position Option 2: There is no relationship between oil and democracy.
UNIT 3: ENERGY AS A MEANS OF NATIONAL POWER: Using Energy to Project Power
10 Wednesday February 25 Consumer
Leverage and the Use of Sanctions: The Case of Iran
What sort of leverage do consumers of energy have? Under what circumstances have consumer countries been able to use energy as a weapon? When are sanctions most likely to succeed? What has been the cost of sanctions on energy producing states? How are current U.S., UN,
Take a Position Option 3: Uncont’lrevolution in oil and gas opens the possibility of the more vigorous use of sanctions.
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and international sanctions on Iran affecting energy interests?
11 Monday March 2
GROUP EXERCISEOPEC Today: How to meet the challenge of unconventional supply?
Students will be assigned a country to represent and an “OPEC group” of which to be part. On the day of class, you will break into your OPEC groups and seek to come up with a common assessment and strategy for dealing with the extra supply generated from the unconventional revolution, if one is needed at all.
Post Exercise Task: Groups should collectively submit an email to Adam before end of the day on Wednesday explaining the key elements of your approach. One page is sufficient.
12 Wednesday March 4
Cartelization: OPEC and the GECF
To what extent does the formation of cartels produce strategic advantage to its participants? How has OPEC wielded political influence over the decades – and are the constraints on OPEC internal or external? Is OPEC still a force to be reckoned with today? Should consumer countries hope for OPEC’s collapse?
Take a Position Option 4: Consumers should be careful what they wish for: a collapse of OPEC would not bring the benefits commonly perceived.
13 Monday March 9
Russia and Europe
MAYBE DO SOMETHING ON SOUTHERN CORRIDOR DECISION?
What is the energy
Policy Memo Option 3: Write a memo to
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relationship between Russia and Europe? Is European reliance on Russian natural gas a threat to European prosperity or security? If so, what has been or could be done to mitigate this threat and what is the role of diplomacy in realizing such outcomes? How, if at all, has the unconventional revolution affected the European-Russian relationship thus far? What might be the affect of it in the future?
President Putin or Gazprom chief Alexey Miller explaining the possible implications of the unconventional revolution for Russia and how Russia might respond to them.
14 WednesdayMarch 11
PRODUCER CASE STUDYThe Implications of Iraq’s Energy Strategy
How can Iraq translate its energy wealth into domestic prosperity and influence in the region? What is the energy strategy of Iraq, a strategic producer country, and what are the geopolitical implications of this strategy?
Policy Memo Option 4: Write to the Iraqi National Security Advisor giving him advice on how Baghdad might overcome its dispute with the Kurds over oil revenues.
Spring Break March16-20-2015
UNIT 4: ENERGY AS AN END TO FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY
STRATEGIES:The Use of Power to Protect and Secure Energy
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15 Monday March 23 Guest Speaker
16 Wednesday March 25
CASE EXERCISEThe Geopolitical Implications of Pakistan’s National Energy Strategy
Students will be assigned roles and groups representing key members of the Pakistani cabinet. They will be provided with a simple computer model, which will facilitate group discussion regarding what is the link between energy and security in Pakistan? What strategy should Pakistan adopt to address its immediate and long term energy needs? What choices does Pakistan have in seeking to address its energy challenges – and what are the various geopolitical implications of these choices?
Post Exercise Task: Groups should collectively submit an email to Scott and Jaffar before end of the day on Wednesday explaining the rationale behind their choices for Pakistan. One page is sufficient.
17 MondayMarch 30
POLICY MEMOResource Mercantilism; China in Africa
What forms does energy mercantilism take? How has China sought to secure the energy it needs to develop? What are the implications of China’s strategy for Africa? For the United States? What new power alliances could or are emerging as a result of the trend toward energy mercantilism?
Policy Memo Option 5: Write a memo to the U.S. national security advisor on the implications of China’s quest for energy resources abroad and implications
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for U.S. policy. (See case prompt distributed in class.)
18 Wednesday April 1
China’s Rise and Thirst for Energy: Is great power conflict inevitable?
What are the connections between energy and politics in China? What are the projections for growth in Chinese energy demand and how does China expect to meet these needs? What implications does this quest for energy have for Chinese foreign policy and, more specifically, how might it create friction with the United States or China’s more immediate neighbors? How might the development of China’s unconventional energy resources change this picture?
Take a Position Option 5: China’s rise and thirst for energy will eventually lead to international military conflict.
19MondayApril 6
POLICY MEMOThe United States in the Gulf
What is the “true” cost of oil in the United States? Why does the United States maintain a military presence in the Gulf? How valid are claims that the 1991 and 2003 wars against Iraq were about oil? How does the fact that the United States will no longer need to import Middle Eastern oil affect U.S. foreign policy toward that region of the world?
Policy Memo Option 6: Write a memo to King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia about whether you, his ambassador to Washington DC, believe that the United States will withdraw its forces from the Gulf in
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the wake of the U.S. boom in unconventional oil and gas.
UNIT 5: ALTERNATIVE, RENEWABLE, AND NEW ENERGY AND GEOPOLITICS
20 Wednesday April 8
National Security, the Unconventional Revolution, and Climate Change
What are the implications of climate change for national security? What are the direct and indirect mechanisms through which climate change can affect energy security? To what extent are efforts to manage climate change and energy security complementary or in conflict?
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
21 Monday April 13
Geopolitical Consequences of a Shift to Nuclear Power
What would it take to make nuclear power more viable as an alternative to fossil fuels? What would be the geopolitical repercussions if these obstacles were surmounted? Is nuclear power a viable option in the Middle East and North Africa?
22 Wednesday April 15
Student Presentations on the Geopolitical Implications of
Alternative Energies
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
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23 Monday April 20
CASE STUDYGeopolitical Consequences of Wind and Solar Energy: The Case of DESERTEC
What is the potential for solar in solving some of the energy dilemmas of Europe and North Africa? What geopolitical issues come into play when one considers the development and export of solar-powered electricity? Are their similarities and differences than the issues associated with oil and gas? What obstacles need to be surmounted for DESERTEC to be realized?
Take a Position Option 6: Renewable energies such as solar and wind are subject to the same geopolitical complications as oil and gas.
24 WednesdayApril 22
Geo-Engineering and International InstitutionsGuest Speaker: Professor David Keith
What happens if the world fails to meet the challenge of changing its behavior sufficiently to prevent potentially catastrophic climate change? Does science have any other options to offer? What are some of the politically complicated realities around geo-engineering? Are current international institutions well suited to managing its use?
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
25 Monday April 27
Student Presentations on the Geopolitical Implications of
Alternative Energies
Be prepared to discuss readings in class.
UNIT 6: CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL THOUGHTS
26 Wednesday April 29 CLASS WRAP UP
Assignment for class
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preparation will be given in Monday’s class.
SECTION 5: Required Texts and Reading List
Required Texts:
Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011.
David L. Goldwyn and Jan H. Kalicki (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013).
Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013). – Harvard students can access the e-book with their Harvard ID and pin at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:WOB_9781118326275 ; Cross-registrants can access the e-book through guest computers in the HKS Library (and MIT cross-registrants should also be able to access the e-book through their MIT online catalogue). Please consult an HKS Librarian for additional guidance.
Optional Texts:
Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (Free Press), 2008.
Copies of the required books and all of the readings not available online will be held on reserve in the HKS Library.
UNIT 1: ENERGY AS A DETERMINANT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
Class 1: Friday January 23Topic: Shopping Day
Required:
(2 pages) “From the Editor: Energy Geopolitics in the 21st Century,” Journal of Energy Security, April 2012. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=350:energy-geopolitics-in-the-21st-century&catid=122:fromtheditor&Itemid=389).
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(17 pages) Gal Luft and Anne Korin, “Energy Security: In the Eyes of the Beholder,” in Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 1 - pp. 1-17.
Class 2: Monday, January 26Topic: Energy as a Determinant of the International System
Required:
Be sure to have read the required readings from January 23 (above).
(14 pages) Meghan O’Sullivan, “The Entanglement of Energy, Grand Strategy, and International Security,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 2, pp. 30-43.
(17 pages) Daniel Yergin, “Energy Security and Markets,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 2, pp. 69-85.
Optional:
Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, 2008, Excerpt from Chapter 8 - pp. 134-138; Exerpts from Chapters 16-19 - pp. 310-370; Excerpts from Chapter 23 - pp. 432-460; Excerpt from Chapter 27 - pp. 524-526; Excerpt from Chapter 21 - pp. 404-408.
Yegor Gaidor, Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia (Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press), 2007.
Class 3: Wednesday January 28Topic: The Global Energy Landscape: Demand, Supply, and Price
Required:
(43 pages) Richard G. Newell and Stuart Iler, “The Global Energy Outlook” in Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 2, pp. 25-68.
(8 pages) International Energy Agency, “Executive Summary,” World Energy Outlook 2014, OECD, 2014, pp. 23-29. (PDF of whole report on course page)
Optional:
(5 pages) BP Statistical Review of World Energy, JUN-2014, pp. 1-5.
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http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf
OPEC, World Oil Outlook 2014, Executive Summary. December 2014. http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/WOO_2014.pdf
(10 page synopsis) David MacKay, Sustainable Energy – Without the Hot Air, (Cambridge, UK: UIT Publishers), 2009. http://www.withouthotair.com/synopsis10.pdf
(17 pages) Christopher Allsopp and Bassam Fattouh “The Oil Market: Context, Selected Features, and Implications,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 5 – pp. 81-97.
(14 pages) Daniel Yergin, “Chapter 11: Is the World Running Out of Oil?” The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, pp. 227-241.
Class 4: Monday, February 2Topic: The Unconventional Revolution in Oil and Gas: Opportunities and Constraints
Required:
(17 pages) David Victor “The Gas Promise,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 3 – pp. 88-104.
(23 pages) Leonard Maugeri, The Unprecedented Upsurge of Oil Production Capacity and What It Means for the World, Geopolitics of Energy Discussion Paper, June 2012. (Pages 41-64 only) http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Oil-%20The%20Next%20Revolution.pdf
Optional:
(16 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, Chapter 16, “The Natural Gas Revolution,” pp. 325-341.
(9 pages) Stephen P.A. Brown, “The Shale Gas and Tight Oil Boom: U.S. States’ Economic Gains and Vulnerabilities,” Council on Foreign Relations, OCT-2013.http://www.cfr.org/united-states/shale-gas-tight-oil-boom-us-states-economic-gains-vulnerabilities/p31568
(12 pages) John Deutch, “The Good News About Gas”, Foreign Affairs 2011. http://ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
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direct=true&db=aph&AN=56625795&site=ehost-live&scope=site (follow the link and click where it says “HTML Full Text” on the left side of the page)
(13 pages) Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, Shale Gas Production Subcommittee Second Ninety Day Report, U.S. Department of Energy¸18 November 2011, pp. 1-10, 16-18. http://www.shalegas.energy.gov/resources/111811_final_report.pdf
Class 5: Wednesday, February 4Topic: The Unconventional Revolution in Oil and Gas: Prospects for Going GlobalAssignment: Take a Position Option 1, 9pm the night before class
Required:
(13 pages) “Natural Gas Going Global? Potential and Pitfalls,” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 6 – pp. 98-111.
(5 pages) Jozef Badida, “A Golden Age of Natural Gas in Europe?” Journal of Energy Security, April 2013.http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=440:a-golden-age-of-natural-gas-in-europe&catid=135:issue-content&Itemid=419
(15 pages) Fan Gao, “Will There Be a Shale Gas Revolution in China by 2020?” Oxford Institute For Energy Studies, NG 61, APR-2012, pp. 22-36.http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/NG-61.pdf
Optional:
(23 pages) Jonas Gratz, “Unconventional Resources: The Shifting Geographies and Geopolitics of Energy,” Strategic Trends 2012, (Zurich: Center for Security Studies), 2012, pp. 79-102.
(5 pages) Maximlian Kuhn and Frank Umbach, “The Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Implications of Unconventional Gas in Europe,” Journal of Energy Security, August 2011. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=320:the-geoeconomic-and-geopolitical-implications-of-unconventional-gas-in-europe&catid=118:content&Itemid=376).
Wednesday February 4 5-630pm Class Happy Hour
Class 6: Monday, February 9Guest Speaker
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UNIT 2: RESOURCE REALITIES
Class 7: Wednesday, February 11Topic: The Resource CurseAssignment: Memo Option 1, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(17 pages) Charles McPherson, “Governance, Transparency, and Sustainable Development” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 19, pp. 444-460.
(21 pages) Andrew Bauer and Juan Carlos Quiroz, “Resource Governance,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 15 – pp. 244-264.
(13 pages) Diamond, Larry; Mosbacher, Jack. “Petroleum to the People,” Foreign Affairs. Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 92 Issue 5, pp. 86-98. http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/diamond_mosbacher_latest3.pdf
Watch: PBS News Hour, “Valuable Mineral Resources Found in Afghanistan,” 14 June 2010, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQNQfaTNK14
Watch: In Focus, “Peru’s Petroleum Play,” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opg7KsZUEmk&playnext=1&list=PLBCC2E10AC59021A3&feature=results_video
Optional:
(7 pages) James M. Roberts and John A. Robinson, “Property Rights Can Solve the Resource Curse,” Index of Economic Freedom (2013), Chapter 5.http://www.heritage.org/index/book/chapter-5
(21 pages) Richard Dobbs, et al, “Reverse the Curse: Maximizing the Potential of Resource-Driven Economies,” McKinsey Global Institute, December 2013, pp. 1-21http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/dotcom/Insights/Energy%20Resources%20Materials/Reverse%20the%20curse%20Maximizing%20the%20potential%20of%20resource%20driven%20economies/MGI%20Reverse%20the%20curse_Full%20report_Dec%202013.ashx
(10 pages) Paul Stevens and Evelyn Dietsche, “Resource Curse: An Analysis of Causes, Experiences and Possible Ways Forward,” Energy Policy 2008. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/science/article/pii/S030142150700434X
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(23 pages) Paul Segal, “How to Spend It: Resource Wealth and the Distribution of Resources Rents,” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, May 2012, pp. 1-23. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/SP_25.pdf
Holiday- February 16, 2015
Class 8: Wednesday, February 18Topic: Resource Nationalism: The Case of Latin AmericaAssignment: Memo Option 2, 9pm the night before class
Required:
(12 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, 2008, pp. 212-216; pp. 254-262.
(8 pages) Charles McPherson, “National Oil Companies: Ensuring Benefits and Avoiding
Systematic Risks,” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 9, pp. 146-153.
(25 pages) David Goldwyn, Neil R. Brown, and Megan Reilly Cayten, Mexico’s Energy Reform: Ready to Launch, The Atlantic Council, August 2104, pp. 3-26, 35-36. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/files/MexEnRefReadytoLaunch_FINAL_8.25._1230pm_launch.pdf
Optional:
14 pages) Thomas F. McLarty, “Latin America” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 16 – pp. 344-357.
(25 pages) David Goldwyn, Neil R. Brown, and Megan Reilly Cayten, Mexico’s Rising: Energy Reform at Last?, The Atlantic Council, December 2013. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/Mexico_Rising.pdf
(6 pages) “Resource Nationalism Update,” EY’s Global Mining & Metals Center, OCT-2013.http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-M-and-M-Resource-nationalism-update-October-2013/$FILE/EY-M-and-M-Resource-nationalism-update-October-2013.pdf
(7 pages) “Supermajordämmerung: The Day of the Huge Integrated International Oil Company is Drawing to a Close,” The Economist, 03-AUG-2013http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21582522-day-huge-integrated-international-oil-company-drawing
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o (9 pages) “Oil and Gas Reality Check 2013: A Look at the Top Issues Facing the Oil and Gas Sector,” Deloitte, 2013, pp. 14-22.http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-BruneiDarussalam/Local%20Assets/Documents/oil_gas_reality_check_2013.pdf
(16 pages) Silvano Tordo, Brandon S. Tracy, and Noora Arfaa, “National Oil Companies and Value Creation,” World Bank Working Paper, No. 218, 2011 pp. xi-xiv, 1-12http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTOGMC/Resources/9780821388310.pdf
(2 pages) David Gardner, “Not All Forms of Resource Nationalism Are Alike,” Financial Times, 18-AUG-2013.http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/62be6d98-05df-11e3-ad01-00144feab7de.html
(23 pages) Noel Maurer and Aldo Musacchio, Pemex (A): In a Free Fall? HBS Case 9-713-051, 17 January 2013.
Class 9: Monday, February 23Topic: Resource Endowments & the Nature of the StateAssignment: Take a Position Option 2, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(15 pages) Thomas L. Friedman, “The First Law of Petropolitics,” Foreign Policy, 19-NOV-2013.http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2006/04/25/the_first_law_of_petropolitics
(20 pages) Tarzi, Shah M., and Nathan Schackow. "Oil And Political Freedom In Third World Petro States: Do Oil Prices and Dependence On Petroleum Exports Foster Authoritarianism?" Journal Of Third World Studies 29, no. 2 (Fall 2012): 231-250
(6 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, Excerpt of Chapter 14 - pp. 291-296 (“The Social Foundations” heading until “Iraq’s Potential” heading).
(6 pages) Paul D. Miller, “The Fading Arab Oil Empire,” The National Interest, July/August 2012, pp. 38-43.
Optional:
(33 pages) F. Gregory Gause III, “Kings For All Seasons: How the Middle East’s Monarchies Survived the Arab Spring,” Brookings Doha Center, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2013/09/24%20resilience%20arab%20monarchies%20gause/resilience%20arab%20monarchies_english.pdf
(3 pages) Vali Nasr, “Business, Not as Usual,” International Monetary Fund, Finance & Development, Vol. 50, MAR-2013
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https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2013/03/point.htm
(25 pages) Michael Ross, “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,” World Politics, vol. 51, No. 2, January 1999, pp. 297-322. http://www.jstor.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/stable/pdfplus/25054077.pdf
(6 pages) Michael L. Ross, “Will oil drown the Arab spring?” Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2011, Vol. 90 Issue 5, pp. 2-7. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68200/michael-l-ross/will-oil-drown-the-arab-spring
(28 pages) Sarah M. Brooks and Marcus Kurtz, “Oil and Democracy: Endogenous Natural Resources and the Political ‘Resource Curse’ “Presentation at the 2012 Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, SEP-2012.http://www.yale.edu/leitner/resources/papers/Brooks_Kurtz_2013_Oil%20and%20Democracy.pdf
UNIT 3: ENERGY AS A MEANS OF NATIONAL POWER: Using Energy to Project Power
Class 10: Wednesday, February 25Topic: Consumer Leverage and the Use of Sanctions: The Case of IranAssignment: Take a Position Option 3, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(7 pages) Bassem Fattouh and Laura El-Katiri, On Oil Embargos and the Myth of the Iranian Oil Weapon, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, February 2012.http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/On-Oil-Embargos-and-the-Myth-of-the-Iranian-Oil-Weapon1.pdf
(8 pages) Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism (Brookings Institution Press), 2003 Excerpt from Chapter 2 - pp. 24-32.
(12 pages) Daniel Drezner, “Sanctions Sometimes Smart: Targeted Sanctions in Theory and Practice,” International Studies Review, Vol.13, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 96-108.
(6 pages) Mehmet Kinaci, “Tightening Oil Sanctions on Iran,” Journal of Energy Security, 7 August 2012. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:tightening-oil-sanctions-on-iran&catid=128:issue-content&Itemid=402).
(9 pages) Suzanne Maloney, “Six Myths About Iran Sanctions,” The Brookings Institution, 13 January 2014. http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/01/7-iran-sanctions-nuclear-deal-myths
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FOR REFERENCE: (16 pages) Kenneth Katzman, “Iran Sanctions,” Congressional Research Service, 23-OCT-2014. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf
Optional:
(26 pages) David Ramin Jalilvand, Iran’s Gas Exports: Can Past Failure Become Future Success? Oxford Institute For Energy Studies, NG 78, JUN-2013. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/NG-78.pdf
(20 pages) Anthony H. Cordesman, “US and Iranian Strategic Competition: Sanctions, Energy, Arms Control, and Regime Change,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, 19-APR-2013, Executive Summary pp. i-xix. http://csis.org/files/publication/120124_Iran_Sanctions.pdf
(8 pages) Robert McNally, “Managing Oil Market Disruption in a Confrontation with Iran,” Council on Foreign Relations Energy Brief, January 2012, pp. 1-8. http://www.cfr.org/iran/managing-oil-market-disruption-confrontation-iran/p27171
(16 pages) Suzanne Maloney, “Sanctioning Iran: If Only It Were So Simple,” The Washington Quarterly, January 2010, pp. 131-147. (16 pages) http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/articles/2010/01_iran_sanctions_maloney/01_iran_sanctions_maloney.pdf
Class 11: Monday, March 2Topic: OPEC Today: How to meet the challenge of unconventional supply?Assignment: Post-exercise task
Required:
R. Mabro, “The Oil Weapon: Can it be used today?” Harvard International Review , Vol. 29, no. 3, Fall 2007.
(12 pages) Dag Harald Claes, “Cooperation and Conflict in Oil and Gas Markets,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 11 – pp. 176-187.
(10 pages) Amy Myers Jaffe and Ed Morse, “The End of OPEC,” Foreign Policy, 16-OCT-2013.http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/10/16/the_end_of_opec_america_energy_oil
(3 pages) Gal Luft, “Fifty Years to OPEC: Time to Break the Oil Cartel,” Journal of Energy Security, September 2010, (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263:fifty-years-to-opec-time-to-break-the-oil-cartel&catid=110:energysecuritycontent&Itemid=366).
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(4 pages) Nancy Brune, “50 Years Later: OPEC’s Continuing Threat to American Security,” Journal of Energy Security, September 2010. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263:fifty-years-to-opec-time-to-break-the-oil-cartel&catid=110:energysecuritycontent&Itemid=366)
Optional:
(4 pages) Ajay Makan and Neil Hume, “Oil Supply: The Cartel’s Challenge,” Financial Times, 01-DEC-2013.http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/bc23bc7a-581a-11e3-82fc-00144feabdc0.html
(5 pages) Gal Luft, “To Drill or Not to Drill,” Foreign Policy, 04-JUN-2013.http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/05/27/to_drill_or_not_to_drill_saudi_arabia_united_states_oil
Class 12: Wednesday, March 4Topic: Cartelization: OPEC and the GECFAssignment: Take a Position Option 4, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(16 pages) Amy Myers Jaffe and Edward L. Morse, “OPEC: Can the Cartel Survive Another 50 Years” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 5 – pp. 121-136.
(7 pages) Chakib Khelil, “Commentary on Part I” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 5 – pp. 157-163.
(20 pages) Bassam Fattouh and Lavan Mahadeva, “OPEC: What Difference Has It Made?” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, MEP 3, JAN-2013. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/MEP-3.pdf
(1 page) Alexander Kolyandr, “Putin: No Plans to Create Gas Cartel,” Wall Street Journal, 1-JUL-2013http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130701-706596.html
(2 pages) Tyler Crowe, “Is Vladimir Putin Building a New OPEC?” Daily Finance, 9-JUL-2013http://www.dailyfinance.com/2013/07/09/is-vladimir-putin-building-a-new-opec/
Optional:
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(76 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, 2008, Chapter 24 - pp. 461-480; Excerpts from Chapters 25-27 - pp. 498-511; Chapter 29 - pp. 570-594; Chapter 33 - pp. 658-680, 726-749.
(63 pages) Anna Rubino, Queen of the Oil Club: The Intrepid Wanda Jablonski and the Power of Information (Boston: Beacon Press), 2008, pp. 135-198.
Class 13: Monday, March 9Topic: Russia and EuropeAssignment: Memo Option 3, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(15 pages) Pierre Noel, “European Gas Supply Security: Unfinished Business” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 7 – pp. 169-183.
(14 pages) Gustafson, Thane. “Putin’s Petroleum Problem,” Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 91 Issue 6, pp. 83-96.
(29 pages) Michael Ratners, et al, “Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification,” Congressional Research Service, 20-AUG-2013. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42405.pdf
(5 pages) Keith Johnson, “Putin’s Gas Gambit Backfires,” Foreign Policy, 12-DEC-2013 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/12/putins_gas_gambit_backfires
Optional:
(15 pages) Pierre Noel, “European Gas Supply Security: Unfinished Business” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 7 – pp. 169-183.
(10 pages) James Henderson, “Tight Oil Developments in Russia,” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, WPM 52, OCT-2013, pp. 1-7, 20-21http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/WPM-52.pdf
(14 pages) James Henderson and Patrick Heather, “Lessons from the February 2012 European Gas “Crisis,” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies: Energy Comment, April 2012, pp. 1-14. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Lessons-from-the-February-2012-gas-crisis.pdf
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(17 pages) Ariel Cohen, “Russia: The Flawed Energy Superpower,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 7 - pp. 91-108.
(18 pages) Ariel Cohen, “Energy Security in the Caspian Basin,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 8 - pp. 109-127.
(15 pages) Kevin Rosner, “The European Union: On Energy, Disunity,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 11 - pp. 160-175.
Class 14: Wednesday, March 11Topic: The Geopolitical Implications of Iraq’s National Energy Strategy, a Case Study Assignment: Memo Option 4: Write a Memo to the Iraqi National Security Advisor giving him advice on how Baghdad might overcome its dispute with the Kurds over oil revenues.
Required:
(38 pages) Sean Kane, “Iraq’s Oil Politics: Where Agreement Might Be Found,”U.S. Institute of Peace, 2010. http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/iraq_oil_pw64.pdf
(14 pages) J. Robinson West and Raad Alkadiri, “Iraq, Iran, and the Gulf Region,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 10.
(22 pages) “Iraq Energy Outlook,” International Energy Agency, 2012, pp. 107-128http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO_2012_Iraq_Energy_OutlookFINAL.pdf
Those writing the memo will want to consult IraqOilReport and Al Monitor Iraq Pulse for up to date information.
Optional:
(38 pages) CASE Meghan L. O’Sullivan, “Iraq: Translating Underground Wealth Into Power and Prosperity” (Geopolitics of Energy Case #1), Harvard Kennedy School of Government, 2011, (on course page).
(2 pages) “Iraq Embraces China’s growing Oil Dominance,” Reuters, 30-OCT-2013http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/30/iraq-oil-china-idUSL5N0IK25420131030
(3 pages) Ben Van Heuvelen, “Iraq’s Kurdish Region Pursues Ties with Turkey – for Energy Revenue and Independence,” Washington Post, 09-NOV-2013
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraqs-kurdish-region-pursues-ties-with-turkey--for-oil-and-independence/2013/11/09/ffae210a-41a5-11e3-8b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html
(1 page) Alex Lawler and Peg Mackey, “Iran, Iraq Put OPEC on Notice of Big Oil Increases,” Reuters, 03-DEC-2013http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/03/opec-iran-idUSL5N0JI32X20131203
(54 pages) Robert Ebel, Geopolitics and Energy in Iraq: Where Politics Rule, CSIS Report, 5 August 2010, pp. 1-54. http://csis.org/files/publication/I00730_Ebel_IraqGeopolitics_Web.pdf
March 16-20: Spring Break
UNIT 4: ENERGY AS AN END TO FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY STRATEGIES:
The Use of Power to Protect and Secure Energy
Class 15: Monday, March 23Guest Speaker
Class 16: Wednesday, March 25Topic: The Geopolitical Implications of Pakistan’s National Energy StrategyAssignment: Post-exercise task, read case and be prepared to discuss
Required:
CASE (10 pages) Francisco Aguilar, “Meeting Pakistan’s Energy Needs,” Case Prepared for IGA 412, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, October 2011. (10 pages). Read and examine the accompanying spread sheet. Think about possible solutions to this case for you to propose/discuss in small groups in class. (Material on course page.)
(19 pages) Elizabeth Mills, Pakistan’s Energy Crisis, U.S. Institute of Peace, June 2012, pp. 4-23. http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PW79_Pakistans_Energy_Crisis.pdf
o (7 pages) Michael Kugelman, “Pakistan’s Energy Crisis: From Conundrum to Catastrophe?” The National Bureau of Asian Research, 13-MAR-2013.http://www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/eta/Kugelman_commentary_03132013.pdf
(6 pages) Muhammad Umair Shah, “Pakistan’s Struggle for LNG,” Journal of Energy Security, NOV-2012.
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http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=392:pakisstans-struggle-for-lng&catid=130:issue-content&Itemid=405
(7 pages) Asif Faiz, “The Political Economy of Pakistan’s National Energy Policy,” Atlantic Council, 26-AUG-2013.
(2 pages) “Energy Starved Pakistan Eyes Solar Power,” Agence France Press, 26 March 2012. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQqyeNGf_uL2m4W-XHuCkHeBfBuw?docId=CNG.e90177df7bc765b1d1b36a47bff406c5.411
Optional:
(1 page) Associated Press, “Iran Cancels Pakistan Gas Pipeline Loan,” Washington Post, 14-DEC-2013http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/iran-cancels-pakistan-gas-pipeline-loan/2013/12/14/8ff1078e-64bd-11e3-af0d-4bb80d704888_story.html
(3 pages) “Long, Hot, Summer,” The Economist, 08-JUL-2013 http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21579059-first-task-pakistans-new-prime-minister-keep-lights-long-hot-summer
(2 pages) Rebecca Santana, “Pakistan’s Power Shortage Problem Is Country’s Biggest Threat,” Huffington Post, 15-JUN-2013http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/15/pakistan-power-shortage_n_3447599.html
(1 page) Krista Mahr, “Pakistan’s Struggle for Power,” Time, 09-OCT-13http://world.time.com/2013/10/09/pakistans-struggle-for-power/
(3 pages) Isobel Coleman, “Challenges for Pakistan’s Prime Minister,” Council on Foreign Relations, 24-MAY-2013http://blogs.cfr.org/coleman/2013/05/24/challenges-for-pakistans-prime-minister/
(28 pages) Robert Hathaway, Bhumika Muchhala, and Michael Kugelman, Fueling the Future: Meeting Pakistan’s Energy Needs in the 21st Century, Woodrow Wilson Center, 2007, pp. 17-34 and pp. 93-104. http://wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/Asia_FuelingtheFuture_rptmain.pdf
(9 pages) Haider Ali Hussein Mullick, “The Iran-Pakistan-India Pipeline: Economics, Geopolitics, and Security, Pakistan Security Research Unit Brief No. 36, 11 June 2008. http://haidermullick.com/Documents/Mullick%20PSRU%20IPI%20Brief+36.pdf
(15 pages) Ariel Cohen, Lisa Curtis, and Owen Graham “The Proposed Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline: An Unacceptable Risk to Regional Security,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, No: 2139, May 2008. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2008/05/The-Proposed-Iran-Pakistan-India-Gas-Pipeline-An-Unacceptable-Risk-to-Regional-Security
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Class 17: Monday, March 30Topic: Resource Mercantilism; China in AfricaAssignment: Memo Option 5, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
CASE (2 pages) Meghan L. O’Sullivan, “How to Respond to Chinese Energy Activities in Africa,” Geopolitics of Energy Case #5, April 2012. (Posted on course page.) Read the case and be prepared to discuss the questions posed in detail in class.
(3 pages) “Africa and China: This house [The Economist] believes that China’s growing
involvement in Africa is to be welcomed”, The Economist debates, 27 August 2011. (Read opening remarks from The Economist’s moderator, professor Calestous Juma and professor George Ayittey) http://www.economist.com/debate/overview/165
(24 pages) Bo Kong, China’s International Petroleum Policy (Praeger: Santa Barbara, 2010), Chapter 5 - pp. 116-140.
(6 pages) Alessi, Christopher, and Stephanie Hanson. "Expanding China-Africa Oil Ties." Council on Foreign Relations. Feb 2012.http://www.cfr.org/china/expanding-china-africa-oil-ties/p9557
(13 pages) Witney Schneidman, “A Trilateral Dialogue on the United States, Africa and China,” Brookings Institution, 2013.http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2013/08/us%20africa%20china%20trilateral%20dialogue/All%20Trade%20Papers.pdf
Optional:
(3 pages) “More than Minerals,” The Economist, 23-MAR-2013http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21574012-chinese-trade-africa-keeps-growing-fears-neocolonialism-are-overdone-more
(9 pages) Don Yamamoto, “Assessing China’s Role and Influence in Africa,” Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights, 29 March 2012. http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA16-WState-YamamotoD-20120329.pdf
(8 pages) David Shinn, “Assessing China’s Role and Influence in Africa,” Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights, 29 March 2012. http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA16-WState-ShinnD-20120329.pdf
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(9 pages) Guy C.K Leung, “China's energy security: Perception and reality,” Energy Policy, 2011, pp. 1330-1337. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/science/article/pii/S0301421510008864
(26 pages) David L. Goldwyn, “Squaring the U.S.-Africa-China Energy Triangle: The Path from Competition to Cooperation,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 15 - pp. 233-249.
(2 pages) Matthew Acocella, “What an energy-hogging China may mean for the U.S. and global politics,” Foreign Policy blog, 28 July 2010. http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/07/28/what_an_energy_hogging_china_may_mean_for_the_us_and_global_politics
Class 18: Wednesday, April 1Topic: China’s Rise and Thirst for Energy: Is great power conflict inevitable?Assignment: Take a Position Option 5, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(19 pages) Daniel Yergin, “Chapter 9: China’s Rise” The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, pp. 189-208.
(11 pages) Christopher J. Fettweis, “No Blood for Oil: Why Resource Wars Are Obsolete,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 5 - pp. 66-77.
(21 pages) Michael Klare, “There Will Be Blood: Political Violence, Regional Warfare, and the Risk of Great Power Conflict,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 4 - pp. 44-65.
Optional:
o (15 pages) Oystein Noreng “Global Resource Scramble and New Energy Frontiers,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 10 – pp. 159-173.
(12 pages) Alvin Lin, Fuqiang Yang, and Jason Portner, “Global Energy Policy: A View from China” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 23 – pp. 393-404.
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(17 pages) Amy Myer Jaffe and Kenneth B. Medlock III, “China, India, and Asian Energy” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 13 – pp. 283-299.
(2 pages) Gal Luft & Yaron Varona, “China’s Rare Earth Monopoly,” Journal of Energy Security, December 2010.http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272:chinas-rare-earth-monopoly&catid=112:energysecuritycontent&Itemid=367
(8 pages) “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013,” Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2013, pp. 15-22. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf
(4 pages) Henry Philippens, “Fueling China’s Maritime Modernization: The Need to Guarantee Energy Security,” Journal of Energy Security, December 2011, pp. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=332:fueling-chinas-maritime-modernization-the-need-to-guarantee-energy-security&catid=121:contentenergysecurity1111&Itemid=386).
(34 pages) “Stirring Up the South China Sea: Regional Responses,” International Crisis Group Asia Report No. 229, July 2012, pp. 1-34. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/north-east-asia/229-stirring-up-the-south-china-sea-ii-regional-responses
(2 pages) Gal Luft, “What does America’s Shale Gas Revolution Mean for China?” Journal of Energy Security, AUG-2013.http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=452:what-does-americas-shale-gas-revolution-mean-for-china&catid=137:issue-content&Itemid=422
(6 pages) Damien Ma, “China’s Search for a New Energy Strategy: Time to Liberalize Energy Prices,” Foreign Affairs, 04-JUN-2013. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139425/damien-ma/chinas-search-for-a-new-energy-strategy
Class 18: Monday, April 6Topic: The United States in the Gulf Assignment: Policy Memo Option 6, due 9pm the night before class
Required:
(12 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, chapter 37, “Crisis in the Gulf,” Chapter 37 - pp. 750-762.
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(25 pages) Charles L. Glaser, “How Oil Influences U.S. National Security,” International Security, Fall 2013, Vol. 38, No. 2, Pages 112-146.
(13 pages) Michael O’Hanlon, “How Much Does the United States Spend Protecting Persian Gulf Oil?,” in Carlos Pascual and Evie Zambetakis (eds), Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies and Implications, (Washington DC: Brookings, 2010), Chapter 3 - pp. 59-72.
(7 pages) Anthony H. Cordesman, “American Strategy and US ‘Energy Independence’”
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 21-OCT-2013. http://csis.org/files/publication/131021_AmericanStrat_EnergyIndependence.pdf
(2 pages) Rachel Bronson, “Review: America’s Oil Wars,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Nov., 2006), pp. 617-618.
Optional:
(3 pages) Anna Nadgrodkiewiz, “Review: America’s Appetite for Oil: The Past, Present, and a Bumpy Road Ahead,” The Review of Politics, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 538-541.
(2 pages) Jon B. Altman, “What should the Middle East Expect from the United States
and its Allies?” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Global Forecast 2014http://csis.org/files/publication/131109_gf14_alterman.pdf
(4 pages) Loren Thompson, “What Happens When America No Longer Needs Middle East Oil?” Forbes. 3-DEC-2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2012/12/03/what-happens-when-america-no-longer-needs-middle-east-oil/
(4 pages) Steve Coll, Private Empire: Exxon Mobil and American Power, (London: Penguin Books) 2012, First 4 pages of Chapter 11 - pp. 227-230.
(12 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, First 12 pages from Chapter 7 - pp. 141-153.
(4 pages) Steven Mufson, “A Crude Case for War?” The Washington Post, 16 March 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/14/AR2008031403677_pf.html
(11 pages) Michael T. Klare. "Petroleum Anxiety and militarization," in Daniel Moran and James Russell (eds.), Energy Security and Global Politics: the Militarization of Resource Management, (New York: Routledge, 2009), Excerpt from Chapter 2 - pp. 46-57.
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(15 pages) Lawrence Korb and Ian Moss, Moving Beyond the Carter Doctrine: Rethinking the U.S. Military Presence in the Persian Gulf, The Century Foundation, 2008, pp. 3-17. http://tcf.org/events/pdfs/ev232/korb.pdf/++atfield++file
UNIT 5: ALTERNATIVE, RENEWABLE, AND NEW ENERGY AND GEOPOLITICS
Class 20: Wednesday, April 8Topic: National Security, the Unconventional Revolution, and Climate Change
Required:
(13 pages) Michael Levi, “Energy, Environment, and Climate: Framework and Tradeoffs,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 21 pp. 483-495.
(14 pages) Leon Fuerth, “National Security, Energy, Climate Change: New Paradigm; New Strategy; New Governance,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 22 pp. 499-512.
(12 pages) Fariborz Zelli, et al. “Global Climate Governance and Energy Choices,” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 23 – pp 340-353.
Optional:
(24 pages) “Climate Change and the Path Toward Sustainable Energy Sources,” The White House, 2013 Economic Report of the President, Chapter 6http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/erp2013/ERP2013_Chapter_6.pdf
(10 pages) Carmine Difiglio, “Energy and World Economic Growth,” Federation of American Scientists, Public Interest Report, Spring 2013 – Volume 66 Number 2http://blogs-cdn.fas.org/pir/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2013/05/Energy-and-Economic-Growth-Spring-131.pdf
(9 pages) Meagan S. Mauter, et al. “The Next Frontier in United States Shale Gas and Tight Oil Extraction: Strategic Reduction of Environmental Impacts,” HKS Belfer Center, Discussion Paper #2013-04, MAR-2013, pp. 34-42. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/mauter-dp-2013-04-final.pdf
(1 page) Javier Solana, “The Shale Revolution’s Global Footprint,” Project Syndicate, 20-NOV-2013. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/javier-solana-examines-the-impact-of-shale-energy-on-europe-and-asia
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Class 21: Monday, April 13Topic: Geopolitical Consequences of a Shift to Nuclear Power
Required:
(17 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, Chapter 18, “The Nuclear Cycle,” pp. 361-378.
(17 pages) Yury Yudin “Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 13 – pp. 205-221.
(5 pages) Charles Ferguson, and Sharon Squassoni, “Why Nuclear Energy Isn’t the Great Green Hope,” Foreign Policy, 06-APR-2010.http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2007/06/24/why_nuclear_energy_isnt_the_great_green_hope
Optional:
(13 pages) “Restoring US Leadership in Nuclear Energy: A National Security Imperative,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, JUN-2013 pp. ix-xxi.http://csis.org/files/publication/130719_Wallace_RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_WEB.pdf
(1 page) “Asia airs Nuclear Ambitions at UN Gathering,” Reuters, 20-SEP-2013.http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/20/nuclear-asia-idUSL5N0HE2DW20130920
(11 pages) Ernest Moniz, “Why We Still Need Nuclear Power,” Foreign Affairs, November/December 2011, pp. 83-94.
(10 pages) Amory B. Lovins, Imran Sheikh, and Alex Markevich, “Forget Nuclear,” Rocky Mountain Institute, 6 April 2008, pp. 1-10. http://www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid467.php
(3 pages) Joseph Cirincione and Uri Leventer, “The Middle East’s Nuclear Surge,” The New York Times,13 August 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/13/opinion/13iht-edcirin.1.7097430.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print
(21 pages) International Energy Agency, “The Implications of Less Nuclear Power,” World Energy Outlook 2011, OECD, 2011, pp. 447-468. (link to whole report on course page)
Class 22: Wednesday, April 15Student Presentations on Geopolitical Implications of Alternative Energies
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Class 23: Monday, April 20Topic: Geopolitical Consequences of Solar Energy: The Case of DESERTECAssignment: Take a Position Option 6, due 8am before class
Required:
(24 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, Chapter 27, “Rebirth of Renewables,” pp. 523-547.
(4 pages) Iana Dreyer, Renewables: Do They Matter for Foreign Policy?, Policy Brief: European Institute for Security Studies, June 2013. http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_23.pdf
(11 pages) Lasse Eisgruber, “The Resource Curse: Analysis of the applicability to the large-scale export of electricity from renewable resources,” Journal of Energy Security, vol. 57, June 2013, pp. 429-440.
(17 pages) Antoine Artiganave and Lukas Streiff, “Trans-Mediterranean Trade in Solar Energy: What Should Europe Do?” Geopolitics of Energy Case on Desertec: Harvard Kennedy School of Government, November 2010. (Available on course website)
Optional:
(12 pages) Johan Lilliestam, Saskia Ellenbeck, “Energy security and renewable electricity trade—Will Desertec make Europe vulnerable to the “energy weapon?,” Energy Policy, 2011. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/science/article/pii/S0301421511002151
(5 pages) Cordula Meyer, “European dream of desert energy takes shape”, Der Spiegel, 27 May 2010. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,695908,00.html
(1 page) Christoph Steitz, “Europe must act to make green desert project work-Desertec Head,” Reuters, 12-JUN-2013. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/jul/05/renewable-energy-desertec-foundation-dii
(1 page) Jonathan Gifford, “Desertec to focus on EU MENA connection,” PV Magazine, 14-FEB-2013. http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/desertec-pulls-out-of-consortium-it-founded_100011883/
(6 pages) IEA, Technology Roadmap: Concentrated Solar Power, 2010, pp. 5-11. http://www.iea.org/papers/2010/csp_roadmap.pdf
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Class 24: Wednesday, April 22Topic: Geo-Engineering and International Institutions
Required:
(1 page) Melanie A. Kenderdine and Ernest J. Moniz, “Technology Development and Energy Security,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 17 pp. 402-3.
David Keith, A Case for Climate Engineering, Chapters 2 and 5, A Boston Review Book, MIT Press, 2013.
(2 pages) “Stopping a Scorcher: The Controversy Over Manipulating Climate Change,” The Economist, 23-NOV-2013.http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:H9CuK9Upwo0J:www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21590347-controversy-over-manipulating-climate-change-stopping-scorcher+geoengineering&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
(13 pages) David G. Victor, et al. "The Geoengineering Option." Foreign Affairs, 88.2 (2009): 64-76.
Optional:
(2 pages) Henry Gass, “Salt Spray May Prove Most Feasible Geoengineering,” Scientific American, 12-DEC-2013.http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=salt-spray-may-prove-most-feasible-geoengineering
(23 pages) Kelsi Bracmort and Richard K. Lattanzio, “Geoengineering: Governance and Technology Policy,” Congressional Research Service, 26-NOV-2013, pp. 1-23.https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41371.pdf
(5 pages) Brad Plumer, “Should We Use Geoengineering to Cool the Earth? An Interview with David Keith,” Washington Post, 30-OCT-2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/10/30/david-keith-explains-why-geoengineering-isnt-as-crazy-as-it-sounds/
(13 pages) Michael Specter, The Climate Fixers: Is There a Technological Solution to Global Warming?” The New Yorker, 14-MAY-2012.http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/05/14/120514fa_fact_specter?currentPage=all
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Class 25: Monday, April 27Student Presentations on Geopolitical Implications of Alternative Energies
UNIT 6: CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL THOUGHTS
Class 26: Wednesday, April 29Class Wrap Up
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