ifp project – biogas upgrading june 10 th 2008 1/22 june 10 th 2008 ifp project biogas upgrading
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1/22IFP project – Biogas upgrading June 10th
2008
June 10th 2008
IFP project
Biogas upgrading
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2008
Agenda
• Presentation• Questions
• Project evaluationDMT & projectgroup only
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Biogas upgradingComparing different techniques
Jos de HulluJenny MaassenPaul van Meel
Siamak ShazadJessica Vaessen
Tutor: Laura BiniProject coordinator: Jetse Reijenga
Client: Robert Lems, DMT
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp24
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Outline
• Introduction• Upgrading techniques
• Process• Cost estimation• Waste streams• Ease of operation
• Comparison• Conclusions• Recommendations• Questions
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Introduction
BiogasDemands
Upgrading
Components Low calorific gas
CH4 ≥ 88 vol%
H2 ≤ 8 vol %
CO ≤ 0.8 vol %
CO2 ≤ 8 vol %
CxHy ≤ 3 mg/Nm3
H2O Dew point < -10 °C
Aromatics ≤ 1 vol %
O2 0.5 vol %
H2S ≤ 5 mg/Nm3
Wobbe index (MJ/Nm3) 43.46 – 44.41Calorific value
Wobbe index relative density
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Upgrading techniques
ProcessInput/output
Cost estimationInvestment costsRunning costs
Waste streamsEase of operation
4input %CH yield
Outputpurity
• Chemical absorption• High pressure water scrubbing• Pressure swing adsorption• Cryogenic separation• Membrane separation
3
3
investmentinvestment interest rate running costs
depreciation periodPrice per Nm biogasNm produced biogas per year
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Chemical absorption (I)
Absorption of CO2
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Chemical absorption (II)
Absorption of H2S Combined output: 137 Nm3/h
90% yield
98% purity
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Chemical absorption (III)
Cost estimation
CO2 absorption
H2S absorption
Total upgrading process
Investment costs (€)
353,000 516,000 869,000
Running costs (€)
134,500 99,500 179,500
Price per Nm3 biogas (€)
0.17 0.16 0.28
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High pressure water scrubbing (I)
Output: 144 Nm3/h94 % yield98 % purity
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High pressure water scrubbing (II)
Cost estimationHPWS
Investment costs (€)
440,000
Runningcosts (€)
120,000
Price per Nm3 biogas (€)
0.15
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Pressure swing adsorption (I)
Output: 139 Nm3/h91 % yield98 % purity
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Pressure swing adsorption (II)
PSA
Investment costs (€)
805,000
Runningcosts (€)
187,250
Price per Nm3
biogas (€) 0.26
Cost estimation
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Cryogenic separation (I)
Output: 161 Nm3/h98 % yield91 % purity
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Cryogenic separation (II)
Cost estimation
Cryogenic separation
Investment costs (€)
908,500
Runningcosts (€)
397,500
Price per Nm3
biogas (€) 0.40
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Membrane separation (I)
Output: 130 Nm3/h78 % yield90 % purity
H2S
Re
mo
val
Compressor
Biogas
Membrane separator
Internally staged
> 78 % CH4
CO2 (+ H
2S)
+ 10 ~15 % CH4
CO2(+ H
2S)
> 90 % CH
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Membrane separation (II)
Cost estimation
Membrane separation
Total upgrading process
Investment costs (€)
233,000 749,000
Running costs (€)
81,750 126,750
Price per Nm3 biogas (€)
0.11 0.22
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Outline
• Introduction• Upgrading techniques
• Process• Cost estimation• Waste streams• Ease of operation
• Comparison• Conclusions• Recommendations• Questions
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Comparison
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Conclusions
High pressure water scrubbing cheapest option
HPWS & membrane easy to operate and no chemicals needed
Membrane separation is promising
Each technique has its advantages depending on the goal
HPWS best overall performance: - high yield and purity
- compact setup
- no chemicals
- only one waste stream
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Recommendations
• Investigate cost of waste treatment
• Calculate CO2 footprint
• Investigate different types of catalysts and membranes
• Optimize cryogenic separation
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Thank you for your attention
Questions
?