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Juvenile Offenses Processed by County Courts

JUVENILE COURT REPORT-1978

Nebraska Publication Clearinghouse Number L2500S002-1978

COMMISSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

301 Centennial Mall South Post Office Box 94946 Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 (402) 471-2194

Compiled and Written by Michael Peterman Juvenile Court Statistics Coordinator Statistical Analysis Center

Table of Contents Page :\ <ifllh('1

Illtro(luctiotl ......................... . ................ ,.................. :~

J uvenilc Court Reporting Systenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ,t

Referrals ...... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .................................... 6

I) ' . . 1 ~) lSPOSltlOtl ........................................ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. "

f\ g<.~ .................,...... ~ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. , .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . , • 1 5 c

Sex ............ , ............ " " 10 ................... 10 ............................ I ~ ........... " .. .. • .. • .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. • 1 i

Etllnic C;rouI) ............................................................. I ~l

.A. I)})cIlclices ............................................................... :21

~:

i'

List of Tables

:-':umber Title Page :-':umher

~I~~j()r ()ffcIlse F'reqllenc:ies, 197H . .............. ~ .. t t • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• i 2 ?\finor Offense Frequenci(S, 1978 ....................................... 7

:, :-.: eglectlDependent Frequencies, 1978 ..................•................ 7

4 Reasoll Referred. i 978 ............... . ................................ 1 ()

;) ?\1<~jor Offense Court Referrals. l'CR Juvenile Arrests. and Juvenile Population Frequencies. 197·4-197H .......................... 1 ~

() Juvenile Court DispositioIls, 197H ........................................ 1 4

7 Reason Referred by Age. 197H .. , ........... , .......................... , Iii

8 Reasoll Referred by Sex. 191H .......................................... 1 H

~) Reason Referred by Ethnic (;roup. 197H ................................. 20

Li~t of Figures

Page :-':umher

Juvenile Court Statistical Form ........ ,................................. :1

2 Referral Frequencies. 1974-1978 ...... , ................................. H

:3 Referral Proportions. 197H .. : ........................................... 1 ()

4 1974- H)78 Percentage Changes in ?\lajor Offense Referrals. CCRJuvenile Arrests. and Population Relative to 1974 .................... 11

5 .A.gc C;rollp Referral :Freque11cies, 1978 .................................. 1 n 6 Sex Percentages, 1978 .................................................. 18

7 Ethnic Group Referral Proportions. 1978 ................................ ~()

2

I:n.troduction The Juvenile Court RepoIting OCR) SnteIll was

created in HI, I by the :\ ebraska Cotllll1i~si()n Oll Law En­f(lHl'Il1ent and Criminal .J llstice dwreaiter l'cit'ITl'd to <I"

the Commis,iolll. TIl(' priman pnrpos(' of theJCR S,,,tl'lIJ is to collen and analyzl' data ()lljun'nilt'~ entering tltt' :\{'. br;tska Court System. It is from thi, clata that tht'}u;·,'nil. Court Report is '.'Olnpiled.

The ]1l7.'l'nil,' C(Jurt RljJOff pi'mides a data ha,e for juvcnile pIalliling in the Commission's (.omprt'hl'n,iw Plan. This year's report ,ummarizes jmt'nik court d,tta collected during the 1 D7H calendar year hOIl! n !tIn.., with juvl'llilejllrisdiniol1 in the State of :\ebra,ka. This intillcl{', 90 COlmty courts ami the three ~epar,lt{' juvenilc {OUlb Ilf Douglas. Lancaster. and Sarpy COllntie,.

Beyond the Use of rhe }un'nil,' ('/il/rt Ri'/w/'t 1)\ the Commission. it also pUHes to be a \aluable soUlH' of in" formation for ,un priyate or public agentv or indi,idua{ dealing with juvenile ddinquenn and related prohlelll .... The]ul,t'llill' COllrt RI'/lIIrt wlltains s{'\t'ral statistical allah st's

or \'ariablt's of deIllographic and sociological interest.

Since 1974 the method of wllt'ctingjuvt'llile court d,lta has been fairh uniform and compktt' rl'~ldtillg in the be­ginnings of a long-term data bas~·. Such a data haw \\'ill Yield valuable information collct'rning trends and tht' ef­fenin'l1('SS ofju\'enik delinquenn prevention and control programs.

Tht' lllam associate couIlly judges. COUlt derks. probation officers, and other court penonnd dcsene recognition for their lime and effort exerted in reporting consistentl\'. Without their (()operatioll this publicatioll would not be possible.

1

------~~ .. -------------

Juvenile Court Reporting System

One of the primarY purposes of this publication is to provide information that accurately reflects the level of juwnile crime OCCUlTing in the State of ::--;ebraska. In this report. the particular measure used to estimate the degrec of juvenile crinw is the flow of juyeniles through the i\e­braska Court System. The sources of the data are the three scparate juvenile courts of Douglas. Lancaster. and Sarpy Counties and the county courts in the remaining 90 coun­ties. The district COllI ts of :\ ebraska do not report fO the COlllmission nor do the municipal courts. District court cases would involve mainly older juveniles appcaring for seriolls offenses and the number of such cases is small compared to the volume of cases handled in county courts.The Commission dol'S not collect data on traffic of­fenses Wilich comprise the bulk of juYenile referrah to municipal court along with violations of ordinances.

The 93 courts report cases disposed of to the Commis­sion monthly. For each individual juvenile disposition. the court fills uut a J uyenile Comt Statistical Form shown in Figure 1. The following sen ions of the form are required information on all cases: A. Court Code. B. Child's :\umber. E. Age at Time of Referral. F. Sex. (~. Ethnic Group. H. Date of Referral. 1.. Reason Referred. ~L ~Ian­ncr of Handling. i\. Date of Disposition. and O. Disposi. tion. The remainder of the form is optional information, .howe~·er. the courts are encouraged to include as much of the information as they possibly can. If there were no juvenile case dispositions during the month. the court submits a ":\0 Report" card for that month.

All of the data received from the courts is entered into the computer and stored. At the end of the year. a magne­tic tape is constructed which contains all of the juvenile court data 1'01 that year. By accessing a data tape for a given year,juvenile court information is available for performing summary totals, crosstabulatioT1s, and statistical analyses.

At this time, the Commission has juvenile court data from all counties from 1974 through 1977 and some par­tial data from 1973. The data used in making this year's

jU'l'l'llill' Court Rl'port is lacking information from Custer County which failed to report to the Commission in 1978.

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Figure 1 JCS 0175

.... Nebraska Corrmission on ~Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice

Juvenile Court Statistical Form A. Court Code. -~--'-.-.. ---- -.-.---- IT] E. Age 8t time of referral IT]

D B. Child', number [ I I I I I F. Sex: "I Mate 2 Female

C. AddresD_. ___________ _==-=--Census tract of residence n=J']

G. Ethnic group: 1 WM. o [lJ CIJ [IJ

4 Me)l(ICan.Amerlcan

H. Date 01 referral

CJ [TI CD D. Date of birth mo Cilf yr

mo day yr

I. Referred by 1 Law enforcement agency 2 SchoOl 3 SOClsl agency 4 Prl.lbollOn olf.cer 5 Porents or relah'W'es 6 Oth .... r court 7 Ottler source (SpeCify)

J. Prior delinquency referrlils (e)(cftJdI09 traffic) Thll CoIbndar y.or o 1 2 3 4 5 or more referralS

o

o In prfor yean 0 o 1 3 5 or more refertals

K. Cere pendln9 disposillon 0 (j No detcnl/on or shelter care overnight .o.t.tnUon or ahellor c.tnr oyom'nht or longer m: 1 JlIil or pOlice sial Ion 2 Oet:1nhon home 3 roster Of 9fOUP home ~ Oth(,f tspeclly/

M. Manner of handling , WithOut peMlon

2 WI''''' pPlitlon

N.Date of dlnposltlon

l ; I If! me day

Q. Dlngnostlc nefi'lces

o

"

L. Reason referred [JJ O'!;;onaea .pp!icDble- to both Juveniles end lIdUUI (excluding Imtfll:) O~ Murder and nCh·neglTlJf.'f\t ma<1slaugto.tpo n Weap<..llj~, c,:l"Ylnq P::1SS(l-!."lng etc 02 Mar'ilauqhter by negligence 14 Spx olfense~ ,except L"'rl:It'lI~1 npel 03 F01C1blt> ,app 15 \I,(,latlQn Q' dri.jg lawr. Nar,otl:'". 04 Rcbb€'fy Purse snatChIng by fOrcE.' H3 VIOla!lf.,)n nf drlJQ laws Ali t'xcep' na~catl;;; 05 RObbery AI( fl-xcept purse snatching H Orunj(€\"I\"ICS~

06 Assault Aggravated 18 Olsor(lf'fly CQhjuct 07 Assault All except 3ggrd ... ateC4 19 Van!jall~,r;'l

08 Burql,)ry--break>nq or pf1!f'rl~H'~ 20 fQtgp':I 09 AllIn Iheft ljnBulrl;)'1Zpd '.,:e 2~ B,!»·rq (f't(">lJI"I,] '··r W.'~>~,f'~.c'l,...g ,,1,1(''' t.'rorer;" ,,,,, Aut:. lMp.t~ All eltU!p! ~Jnautt;()r,le'l ~l"'rf' ,2 Arr,;1r

12 l<ltC(>t\'f All f'1/.':.~,t:' S"""};:'il!'lng

OHen,!!s lIPpliclIble to lUVenues only (ucludmg Iralhe) :i' Rvnnmg a~ay 3~ Tr:lancl' 33 Vl'jla~lo'"1 0' C.tJrlf'W

Other tllan delinquency 51 Nptjl{'c;:f

52 nept>'~;jf""'~

34 Un~'J"e~"'ilblf' beh3~I')r 3S P0S"r>"',~ In~ -:, jr,nk,r-q fC'J~' 2q Olt"ll'r ·Spp"I ... ~~~ ______ .. __ ~ ______ ~

~peelal prcceC!"dlOgs: (.odophon. content 10 m~try ~'c J

0, Oisposilton

·Comptalnl not l.ubltanttated

·Ccmplalnt 1Iubll,nhalcd No transh:r of legal CUitOdy

'1 't 1).:;r>"'S5€'·1 w;lfr'f'" :.l·'.,··";· f..-!

,;: H~I'j O~4"n w,'r.; ,,' ',,~~'t' f!:'

1,: _ !h,' .~,r.·· ,I,j

" .. i- "1\' H q·~II!,,! "r'

Trl:losfer 01 legul cuntod)' 10 Y, ,.;,,", :'h··",¢. _.t'f""\~."\ :1O'''~f-<r..-". ),-\'.1"

~',:-' .. ...,p~t·· Pc,ltl,r,. ,n!;.l,t:.!lor- I'.;;',f':'; I~

f r--: L-_...o----- ~

, 3\ '-\""

23 P .. ti·: agel'Cy:,Jr ;:WpaHTT'j.l'·! ... .;:I,h~r:·I'J C . r! iY:!

ra:· sr"'::,'" r

':4 p. ,,1',.' <1~"f\: .. ", ,r<';~'~liTi ",r'p' ~~

W. Marital status Inc1lcated anj

Frvlt'ldCj Indicated tlu~ nC\t ava:lat:lf<

of natural parents

S. School attainment Grade compielea \u\~ ~ 1~ I m

T. Employmenlllnd achool status D Out of school In school

~.~~EI~~ ____ .o ,! ___ .~. '0_-

Employod fuU tune

~ _ .. ?~ft _hme __ _

Preschool

2 3

U. Length 01 ntlldllnce 0' ehlld In '114 county o Not clluently a re;;,ujent 1 Under one year .2 One year or more

Addltlon.1 Sp.ece for Court Use

6

D

V. Living arrangement 01 child m.

In own home with: t 0' tom parer. Is 02 m0,he" arid step lather 03 fathpf bn;j step m0!h(>f

04. rnnth.er ,,(1t~ 05 fath{>f only Outside own home 06 With felat! ... p~,

07 'oster Of g'l.n"p TJCtr't;>

OS In lOs t ,lullOIl

09 mdependert artange"t"ler.t

10 Olher (speclty}

Z. Counsel 1 Court apPOinted 2 RetaIned 3 PUblIC defendf't 4 Net ,eptes.ent~ct 5 Othef. __

D

On~ or both parents dead

{>.., M :.~ ... ~ .. jf'.j,~

Parents s~pnfa'e-d

l* F ,1n'E'r (jPS('rf£'," ....... ~, ... J ••

CI~ MJ''1I.''' ap',trh.1 '"r"'(" DB .:-",...1" r~l3;,_~~ ,5pf': ,Iy

09 Parenti not f1'1l1rr1ed 10 eliCh other

)( Family annual income Ilt referral:--l '\ Rt:(",Pl" ("E.g }"utr·\,~ ,\$",<stal':.,;l' L-J

Not receiving pub!tc DUI.lance 2 unopr S3Vl1;:, 3 S ~Cll)(l!: $4 Q9'l 4 55:.·,(1(1 u 59 ,,~9 5 S1l10FJt1ail(!~'''~f 6 UMmowtl

ZZ. Occupallon of plIrent or guardian

'\ ptoressl('Inal or fpc"rlica l

2 ManagE'fl3f or a(jrTIl,,:st'all"~

3 Sale:; w~ril.N'!J 4 Craffs'T'lro or othpr SklilPd laborer 5 CIPntal

D

6 SPT\'tct'workerS or -ofhN unslu!!ed laborE'r"

Referrals

A Juvenile can be referred to juvenile court if it appears that he 01' she fits into any one of the four categories des­cribed in Section 4:i-20 ( of the ,VdJraslw RI'tIi.lcd Statutl'! listed below:

(1) Dependent child shall mean all> child under the age of eighteen veal's. who is homeless or destitute, or without proper support through no fault of his parent, guardian or custodian.

(2j Neglected child shall mean any child under the age of eighteen years (a) who is abandoned by his par­ent, guardian. or custodian; (b) who lacb proper P,ll ental care by reason of the fault or habits of his parent, guardian, or cu~todiall; (el whose parent. guardian. or cu~t()diaIl neglects or refuses to pro­vide proper or necessary subsistence. education, or other care necessarY fur the: health. morals. or well being of such child; (e1) whose parent. guardian. or custodian neglects or refuses to provide special care made Il('CeSSdn bv the mental condition of the child; ur (e) who is in a situation or engage ... in an occupation dangerous to lite or limb or injuriom to the health or morals of ~u('h child.

(3) Delinquent child shall mean any child uncleI' the age of eighteen years who has violated any law of the state or any nt, or village ordinance.

(4-) A thild in need of ~pecial supervision shall mean any child uncleI' the age of eighteen vear!'> (a) who, by reason of heing wayward or habitually disobe­dient, is uncontrolled bv his parent, guardian, or custodian: (h) who is habitually truant hom school or home: or Ic) who deports himself so as to ir~jure or endanger seriously the morals or health of him­~elf or other~.

On the JCS form (see FigUIT 1) neglect and dependent referrab arc coded under section L as responses 51 and 52 respectively. Delinquencv referrals are broken down in responses 01 to 29 consisting of a number of selected of­fense descriptions. These will be referred to as Illiuor of­fenses. Responses 31 through 39 correspond to possible reasons a child may be referred as in need of special super­vision. In terms of offenses, these responses are refcrred to as minor or status offenses and are applicable only to juveniles.

In J 978 there were 4,351 juvenile court referrals reported to the Commission. Of these, 2.896 were fo}' m,~jor offenses, comprising 6G.G(7c of all referrals. :\finor offense referrals numhered ~62 for 22.17c of the total and the combin{'d neglect-dependent referral frequency of 493 accounted for 11.3~1. Appendix A gives a complete listing of these three categories, separated by sex, for all Nebraska counties with the exception of Custer County which did not

6

report in 1978. Appendix C gives a similar listing for the l!'l planning '·CgiOIlS.

The fae, th,!t rl1<~jor offense referrals are appnlximately three times the frequency of minor offense referrals clot's

not necessarily indicate that this ratio {'xists in the .iuvenile population. The m<~jor offenses are usuaJIy nmside)'('d Il1ure serious since they an' infractions of ~,tatt' or l(lcallaws while the minor offense;, are offenses only because o{' juvenile status. :\f,~jor and millor offenders are tht')'('fm« most likely to be treated difTc'rently bt'fOle the court ;,tage is ever reached. !\lany minor of Ten cl('l' S are handled directly by the police or diverted to various social agencies and programs and never appear in juvenile (ourt.

Tables 1. 2. and :1 gin' hn'akdowlls Oil the reasOIl 1'('­

ferred for major. minor. and negk( t-clc'pendent rdl'lTals respectively. Cnder m,~jor ()fT(~ns(·s. combining tht' two lar­ceIlY categories and neglecting the "other" categol\. tIl{' most frequellt rdt'rrals were fin lanetl\. hUl'glan, and vandalism ill that order. These three ofh'usl's comhined account for 56.Wi of all major off('nst' refenab. Of the minor offl'nst s possession ;)1' drinking of alroholic \}(,H'r­ages was most pn'\·aknt. a(coullting for 4-1-.;;~( (·f the total.

The change ill reh-rral fre(lu('tHies from 1 ~177 j" ilHli­cated in Table., 1.2 and :~ as a percentage of tht' 1977 ,alues. Of the major offeIlses Crable 1) reknclh \\crt'

clown with the exceptioIl of murder (11011(, ill 1977). fi>l'ci­ble rape (unchanged), drunk(,I1Ilt,s~ (UP 1;;.9(1). and tht' "other-" categon (Up 1.:,)(,(). Total majo!' offellse J't'fenah were down 17.:~1~ from the 1977 total of :~.;;02. Cautioll should be used in illterpn·ting these statistics. For t'xamplt. "OlIlt' of the offensl' cat('gori('~ slHh <l'i manslaughter. purse snatching. and arson have high percentage' changes: how­ever, the frequencies are relativdy small so that it onh takes a difftTence of' OIll' or t w{) referrals to rl''iu\t in a rclativeh ~arge percentage chauge. Thest' changes ale IllO'it likely not that significant.

Table 2 shows total ruinor offense referral'i dow!' 1 H.GS? from 1977. All categories are down with tht' t'xcep­tion of the "other" category.

l':eglect-depenclent referrals increased 1;;.2(;( as seen in Table :-3. The bulk of this increase resulted from the 21.3Q climb in neglect referrals as compared to lhe (l.Wi'c increase in dependent ref('lTals. Neglect referrals W1.:'re also Illore frequent than dependent referrals constituting 73.H~{ of the total.

The m,~jol'. minor, and neglect-dependent referral trends for the past fiw years <lre depicted in Figure 2. In 1975 there wa!> a 23.67c increase in m,~jor offense referrals followed by decrea~es for the next thre(' years. The Illean (average) valul of m~j()r offense referral frequencies for

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'.

Table 1 Major Offense Frequencies, 1978

()fTeIlSe . rype

1\lunler Manslaughter Forcible Rape Purse Snatching Robbe!'y Aggravated As~ault Other Assault Burcrian I"l ,

Auto Theft: Joyriding Auto Theft: Other LarCt'IlY: Shoplifting l.arceny: Ot her Carrvlng. POssl's .. ;jng \\'eapolls Sex Oflel1s('s. Except Forcible Rape Drug \'iolatioll: :\ areoti( Drug Yiolation: :\ Oll-:\ (trcot ic Drunkenness Disorderh Conduct Yandalism F(lprCrY

h ,

Bm. Rcceiye. Posst'''s Stolell ~)ropl'rt\ :\1'-;011

Other

Table 2

FrequellCY Percellt

": .1 ~ .1 :~ .1 ~ .1

:'Hi l.~

:32 1.1 7'!> ~.()

ti:~ 1 ~ 1.X 1 '!>.} :>.:~

f):~ <l ,) ..:;...-

:~ 10 10.7 wo I:U~

~1 -• I In .6 .,-

l.:~ .J I

19·1 fi. / '!>1 l.H :Hl l.O

:W/ 10.n 3~1 ~.()

6-! .) L)

~J .:~

:HJ!J I:U-i ~H!l() 1 (lo.n

Minor Offense Frequencies, 1978

(Hre!}'.(' I'ype Frcquclln Percellt

~.:; (:hallgl~

ID77

(110J1(' ill '77) -- '!>O.O

(l.n ~fiO.(l

-'!>6.ti --~:!.()

~~) 7.5 - 6.0 - Ii.:! -~KA

- 11.7 -~UI

-:!7.li ·~:1H."')

-."') l.!l -~ 1.3 -r l."'>. ~ I

,,1- ~

'~.) 1 .. 1

~- l:.!.;-.i - !li.~l

--,D.~

-.i/.I +- l..i -17.:)

(; (:h<111 ~t'

1 !177 ~--------.--~ .. -

RUllning Away Tnlilll('\'

(:urkw Yiolal ion t ngmt'rnable Beh.ldOl' Possess/Drink Liquor ()t hel'

Tot;:!

!19 11 !) :10

~:!1

·!2H ()'!>

~)()2

Table 3 Neglect/Dependent Frequencies. 1978

lIU 1 ~.-! :U

:!:L{) B.3

lUi

WO.F

Frequency Percellt

:\egiect ~~()4 7:tH Dependent 1:!9 26.2

Total ·19:i JOO.O

:I: Percent Totals may difTer from 100 clue to rounding error.

-:~X.j

-:!fj.l -~~1.1

- l.~

-2:~.7

+ HO.t)

- I X.t1

(; Change 1977

+2 J.:~ + (l.X

+ 13.2

7

·lOOO

:H>OO

2HO()

2·HlO

2000

IGOO

1200

800

400

Figure 2 Referral Frequencies, 1974-1978

~lai()r

Down 17.:V; hom Eli7 Down W.W; from the 1 ~)71- 1917 Illean \alut'

190H 1212 I! HO __ -=--------------__ 11 H2 ~---- ----

483 463

-------"e ~1()2

:-'linor Dowll 1 H.G(,:; from HJ77 DOW11 19.5 q froUl the 197·1-1977 lIlean value

------------___________ ~----------------------~--------____________ .. _._----------------------* 4~l3 407 ·12H :\eglect-Dependcllt

ep 15.2(lc from 1977 Cp 1O.7(lc from the 1974-1977 mean value

o 4-------------4-------------+-------------+-------------r-------------r-197·1, 1975 197G 1977 1978

Year 8

------- ----------------------------------------------------

tIll' p(~ri()d lUi4 through 1977 is about :1;lH2. The 197H decrease of W.HVc from the llJean value is a statistkalh significant change from that llJean (t == :1.59, elf "":1. signifi'­canee .::;; .O!». The 1 H7H c1('nease places majol' oJfemc rc­f('!Tals :~.9(1c helow tIll' 19/-l "<lIne Ill' :),01:>.

Minor offellse rdelTals remaiJH'd laidv s\,lhle from 1974 through 1 (177 with a maximulll flu('w'atioll of I A~,; eithe], sicle of the tlI('.IIl valm' of about 1. HHi lefelT<lb. HOW(,\'('l, the 1 !17H de<l('a~(' of I !1.!i1.:; fWIll the lllean is wry significant 'itatistkalh (t "" 27.7:1, elf 0-" :). signifkall('t' "" .00 1). Thi~ possibly reflects the len'nl trcnd toward keeping the status offender (Jut ofjuv{'nile (OlIrt hy diwr­sion to sodal agellci('s alld plogT:tUlS.

1'\egl{'(t-ciepeucleIlt n>ft'lTab, with a mean ir('qllelln of ahout ·H5 for tIl<.' 197,1-1977 pt'riod, show a ma~imum nucttlation of H.W:; cimini! that period. The I !J7H inClease of 10.7(;; hom t ht' lllean is not statistkalh ~ignifir<lnt gin'll thi~ variation (t "" 2.HO, elf :=;; :~, ~ignifkann' 0:= .O!il. This inrn'ase, theref()rt'. is lIol appn'tiahk and nt'g\tolt-rkpt'lld­t'llt ref(,lTab cao pl'Obablv be expected to remain stablt',

Tht' majo!' offellse r('ftonals ran be further brokell down bv offense type llsillg t hl' thrct' broad catt'g()rie~ of otf('ll~{,~ against pe!'~ons, offenses ,l~aimt pm!,t'lt\', and victimless offens('s. Offton'il's against persons indude I11Ul­der. manslaughter. fin'dble rape, robllt'IY. assault, and se .... offenses other than forcible rapt'. Illdudeci in ofkns('s against propelty an' hurgian. auto theft, laHem, Vall­da\i~m, buying, rt'l'eiving. or possessing stolen property, and arson. \V('apol1s of'fenses, drug violatiolls, dnmkelless, disorderh cunduet, and forgcn are listed as dnimle, ... of­f{'J1st's. It ~h()uld bl' n'memhned that thest· are broad. coll­vt'lltional catl'gories ill which tht'll' is more than likelv sonw medap.

Tht' "other" major oflCllSt' respol1se i~ not indu<ied in any of thcst' three categories due to ih unknowll nature. It dot,,;. bowen'l, n'fH'e~eJlt I :~.W; of all lIlajor rei(.'rt"als and must he kept in mind when llsing this ,lata hecause of its uncertaint \"

The freqm'lHies and pt'lTebtages for this breakdowlI of m,dor offellses pith miuot' <ll1dneglt,tI-dqx'Ildellt referrah appear ill Figure :~ and Table 'j1. Offellses agaimt j>lOpert\ account for an overwhelming majority of the referrals, ulllstituting ,1-1.:)1', of total refelrals and GtLW< of major (lift'me referrab.

The sctol1d largest ('att'gorv of lll,~jor offense l{'fI.'ITals is the "other" category. As llleIltiolled ahen', this 11l1fortu­lIately reprt'!'it'nts a fairlY large pt'lTelltagc: of the referrals of which littk is knuwu.

Victimless offenses is the third Iargc~t 1Il,~ior offellse referral categorv followed by offt'lIst's against persons. The latter. which arc usually cOllsic\ered crillles of vioiellce. represent a fairly small fraction of referrals. Onh; :~.W'( of total referrals and 5.H~~ or the major offense referrals wert' offens{'s against persolls.

It is informative to compare tht' trend in jUH'uile Ulun

a<livitv to otlH'\' variables \lu!sidl' 01 thl' .I\1\('111Il' {:oUl't

System. The Yariables chosell for thi~ <lnal\:;is \wn' jU\('nilc populatioll <lndjm{'nilc aIT{'sts (Hllpan'cl to major ofL'JlSt' mun rl'fl'rrab 1m the period I !17-1-J !17H.

:'\('bra'ika school l'llrolllllt'UI data supplied \)\ tIlt' :\("

bra'ika IkpartllH'llt of Educatioll W;l' ll'i(,d as an e'limal(' ot juvt'llik population, This data mllt'r1ed Septt'llIllt'1 :\0 (If ('H'n school y('ar provides it quite a(Tlll',.te ('stimalc fOl Ih(' age gl'Oup 5-1 H veal's with SOlll(' en or for ages J Ii I H clut' II; drop-OUh. When lookin~ at ol1h majo! Ot!l'llSI' left'llal", which imolv(' Yen few pn'~dlOojcrs, thi~ agt' gloul> is .1 good IIIeasure of the offend('l population.

Jmenilc alTest data was obl.tim'd 'hrough the :'\clml"k.! l'lII/lilm Crimi RI'jJtlrI It 'CR) puhli,hl'd \n the COll1lni,siOll. Sinc(' the (Cllllparisoll was 1ll,l(le to onh major onell ... (' It'­

fe-nab, the atTest categories ('IIIH!'l'nillg liCjuollawS. (urkw \iolations, and runawa,s \\('I'l' omitted sinn' Ihl'S{, (ou ... t!­lUte.' minor (In(,lI~t's. :\ bn'ak(l()\\ll of C{:R arn'st clat.t i ... giwll in ;\ppl'lldi~ B for thl' \(',\1" 1971· I \liX.

Ih(' irl'qut'lH it'~ fIJr maj'll IIffc.'ll'il' (out! rt'ferr.lk { . ( :R jllH'lJil(' anl'~h. ,:IJ(I jU\l'lIik populatiolJ .tIl' giwlJ ill J db!,' ."1 fm thl' Yeah I U7!- I !17k.

.\ ... imple (Oil datlollal ,mah ~is \\ as dOIlt' 1111 Ihb data ill

Older to eli ... ,-o\('1' <tll\ relatiollship ... t'xi,ring 11('1\\l'l'l, the'!' thrtT \ariahk .... It \\;l., found that l'CR ,lilt';,! cia!d \\,;" highly (OlTdat('c/ tojU\('nifto populatioll (I co ,Q!HI7. cit ,"-- ::, ... ignifkalHt' "'" .n J J.

In order to gt't a (lean:r pictule of \\ hal Ihi ... 1I1t';tll'" tht' data appt';trs ,gl'aphilalh ill Figult' L Thl' \al iabl\"> \\t-I('

plntted as peHelltagt' (hanges Idatlu' to the initial I !17l trt'<jlll'Jlric' ill ordeJ to g('t all \ariahle' 011 the ... allll· '(ale,

Tht' cOITdatil)f\ betw{'('n p(lpulati!ll1 and t'!:R an ('sl ... i .. ~l'ell in the graphs for thew t,,-n \ariahles as hoth ell'( It',tst' .,te.ldih thruughout till' fhe war Ilt'riod. _\ ... pupULttiull drop ... 'i() dot· .. tht' lIU'llbt'1 of jll\ enilt' allest... !11adt'. :\r­le ... !s. howl'Yer, dlllp at a sliglith b~lt'r ratt' th,1ll pOpU!'l­lion. III I !J';'-l :)(1 out 01 1,(1)0 jmcnik ... in tht' population w('re arrl'sted fill' maim' otlt'IlSt· ... t omparnl to :~tl o\ll \Ii I,(l()O in. I !1';'H.

The allalySi~ faikd to ~h(l\\ .111\ ... ignilil allt l()lTclatiol1 ht'twt'l'lllIl<ljOl' Ollt'llSt' COllrt J't'krrals and p()pulation (I =

.:~~rl(). elt ~ :~, signiiicanC(' "" .OJ i.

Looking at th<: ~Iaph ot llI;!jO} oHelN' rt'it'lT,lb ill Fig­ure -1, tilt' most striking leaton' i'i tht, ~:U)'; inClt'a'oe from 197,1 to 1975. This llJ()~t likt'h accounts fot the nt'~atin' results ill th(: analysis. Since all other y{'ars show decre:tses, it is possihle that th(' 2:U)'; incle;tM' i~ not <l(curate. 1 !Iil ,'as the tirst \ l'ar that all !l:~ lourts n'portt d to the COl1lIlli ... -,iOll bw leporting mighl Hot han' bet'll 'l~ complete.' during the first war. If tl1<' 197·;' \'alu(' had actualh IWCll higiIt'1 than the J 97.1 valut'. the <lnah,i ... might han' show II a relationship.

Assuming th,lt the HI7·! valul' for major otii.'llS{, (OUr(

referrals was spllri()u~, a st'cond alla!v ... is omitting the I !17! data was dOlle which yielded diffelt'nt Jesuit,. Populatioll

_4~!"""""""""------------------------------------------

10

Offenses Against Pel'SOw,

:~.H((

~Iillor (Hlens('s ~2.1 c;

Figure ~)

Referral Proportiolls, 197H

Other ~lajur

()ffenses !l.~(.{

()ff~'llSl'S Against Pn1pert\ ·Hli!;

Victimless ( )ffl'lIse~

~l.In

Table 4 Reason Referred, 1978

Pen e"l--;;,·n;:;,.--or of

Frequency Total T\1,\jor Off.

--------Total ~r(~jor Offenses 2H~)G (i6.5 1 {)().O

a. Offenses Against Persons 167 :u~ 5.H b. Offenses Against Property 193H ·14.5 (){).H

c. Victimless Offenses ~)92 9.0 1 :~.5 d. Other ~Iaior Offenses $99 9.2 1:~.~_

~1il101 Offenses 962 22.1 :\ {'gleet-Dependent 493 lU)

Total ·1~)51 99.9*

* Percent Totals may differ £i'om 100 due to rounding error.

+25

+20

+10

Figure 4 1974-1978 Percentage Changes in Major

Offense Referrals, VCR Juvenile Arrests, and Population* Relative to 1974

I I )

~, " "

,,~

i\ \ \

\

\ \

\

\ \ " \

()+~-----~~--------------------~:-----\----

-10

-Ui ~ i\

\ \ \Lq"~ (1111 n"('

Rdl" l.d~

. \ICR .\ll,·'" i

-25+----------+-------~-4_------------~----------_+------------~I~-------1 ~17(i I ~177

'" Population estimates are fPHll school ellrollmt'llt data. 1 I

-~~-~------

Table 5 Major Offense Court Referrals, VCR

Juvenile Arrests, and Juvenile Population Frequencies, 1974-1978

1 ~)7·-l: 1 ~)75 197fl 1977 19tH --~1;~j()r Offense :W15 :~ 726 :~{)tl·! 3502 2H96 (:olll'l Referrals

l' (:R J lIYenii" 12H91 12179 11460 11072 D997 Arrests

Juvenile :~() 15·15 :~5()-1:)H :Lj 1 H2H :H52HO :{:~5:~ 1 H Population

and CCR arrests are still highh lOlTelated (1' = .9HOH, dt' = ~, significance = .O!). but uow, 1ll~~jOl offense referrals are ~,i~;nifi(anth mlTelated to population (1' = .9607, elf := 2, significance = .(5) and almmt significantly correlated to CCR arrests (1' :=: .~J.±67, elf = 2. l' = .9500 is necessary for significance at the .05 len·I).

This simply means that both the number of juveniles being arrested for 1ll,~jor offenses and the number ap­pearing in court for these offenses have both been dec­reasing over the past fe\\- years, A lll~uor factor in these decreases is possihlyche decline in juvenile population.

Taking population into account. a small decline in

12

-~

majo!' offense mmt activity i~ still ohservable. In 1975. 10 out of I.OO() juveniles appeared ill juvenile (Ourt fur major offenses compared to ~! out of I,DO() in 1 ~)78.

In I erms of lhe relationship between arresh and (OUn

acth'itv it IllUS! be remembered that no' all court referral, rome from law enforcement agencie". In 1 ~17H law ell­fonement agencies accounted for HO.()C,i of major offense court referrab. Taking this into <lC(()Ulll, 2:~.:F;; of the juveniles arrested fot' major oifemes in 197H appeared in court. In 1975 this figure was ~6.5~;( indicating that there has been a slight decline ill lhe number of jU\l'nile~ ,>]"­

rested that actually reach juvenile court.

Disposition

The Juvt'uile Court disposition frequencies and per­centages. st'parated into tht' three main categories of major. minor. and Ileglect-dept'ndent rt'ferrals. are listed in Table 6.

The most frequently reported disposition for a major offense referral was formal prohation constituting almost olle-half (,1H.W,() of all m;~jor offense dispositiom.. The next most hequt'nt disposition ('ategorv was dismissal with mmplaint substantiated follmH'd bv dismissal with com­plaint not substantiated. These two dismissal ratq~ories ac­count for :Hl.~(,'; of the majo]" offt'nse dispositions.

Of the 2.1'196 Ill;~jor offense dispositions. 20;') resulted in a transfer of legal custody. Approximately one-half of thest' were to the Youth Dt,ye\opment Centers in Kearnev and Geneva, :':ebraska.

The most frequent minor offense disposition was also for:nal prohation (:~~J.7r:() followed bv dismissal with com­plaint substantiated (15.OC:; l.

Of the 9(1~ minor offense dispositins. 1-1.1 ~( resulted in a transfer of legal custodv. 'I'll(' most frequent of these were to a public agency or department.

Of the IIcglect-dependent referrals, 3~.:~C:( resulted in a disposition of transfer of legal custody to a public agency or department. ;"Iost likdy. these transfers were mainlv to the Department of 'Ve!fare. -

Taking the m,~jor. minor. and neglect-dependellt categories combined 0.4(( were wah-ed to criminal court, 11.07c were dismissed with complaint not substantiated. 73.67c were substantiated complaints with llO transfer of legal custody. and 15.0% resulted in a transfer of legal cllstod y.

Only 2.R£?C of all referrals resulted in a transfer of cus­tociy to a Youth Development Center. G 1.7(·1 of these were for the offenses of burglary. auto theft. and larceny.

The most frequent disposition for all referrals was for­mal probation accounting for 41.0q of the total.

=

Table 6 Juvenile Court Dispositions, 1978

.. l\eglert-Ma'or ~1inor Dependent

Freq. (.:t Freq. (1c Fl'eq. ik ·Waived to criminal court 14 0.5 5 0.5 0 n.D CO~IPLAI:\T :\'OT SUBSTA:-\TIA TED Dismissed: :'\ ot proved or 354 12.2 71 7.-1 52 10.5

found not involved COi\IPLAI:,\T SCBSTAKTIATED ~o TRA:\'SFER OF LEGAL CCSTODY Dismissed: warned. counselled 520 18.0 144 15.0 35 7.1 Hold open without further action 40 1.-1 10 1.0 11 2.~

Formal probation 1:)89 48.0 :~82 39.7 11 2.2 Referred to another agency or 6~ ~) 2.2 59 6.1 5R 11.8

indi"idual for service or supervision

Runaway returned 2 0.1 5 0.5 0 0.0 Fine or restitution 102 :~.5 65 6.8 1 0.2 Other 205 7.1 85 8.8 1 ;) 2.6 TRANSFER OF LEGAL CCSTODY TO: Youth Development Center 107 ~).7 13 lA 0 0.0 Other public institution 1 :) 0.,4 21 2.2 .... 1.4 I

Public agency or department 40 104 41 4.3 258 52.3 Private agency or institution 17 0.6 35 3.6 12 2.-1: Individual 9 O.:~ II 1.1 15 3.0 Other 19 0.7 15 1.6 20 4.1

Total 2896 100.1 * 962 100.0 493 99.8*

* Percent Totals may differ from 100 due to rounding error.

14

-- - -~-----~--------.--~

Age -For convenience, age was broken clown into four

categories; 11 and under, 12-1~1, 11-13, and 16-17. The data appears in Table 7.

As w(?uld be expected, the great m(~jority of juveniles age II and under were referred for neglect-dependent cases. 68.1 (>; of the age 11 and under referrals were neglect-dependent related and this age group accounts for 6{).1 ~;i of all neglect-dependent referrals.

Only 4.·V; of major offeme referrals involved juveniles age II and under and only 2.7S; of the minor offense referral involved this age group. Of the total referrals in 1 ~)7H, jtn'(,lIi1es age 1] and under accounted for 1 ] . OCt .

For the remaining three age groups both m~jor and minor offense referrals increase as age innea!Ses whilt­neglect-dependent referrals decrease. This can be seen graphically in Figure 5.

~L~jor offense referrals are the most frequent in the oldest three age groups followed hv minor offensi' and 'leg/eet-dependent referrals. For all age groups, offen~es against propertv are the most frequent m,~jor offense re­ferrals and offenses against persons are the least.

In the 12-13 age group 7:1.:)<:( of the referrals were for m,~jor offenses. Of these, D.9~7c were offenses against per­SOilS. This is the highe~t percentage out of all the age groups in this category.

The H-I5 age group had the highest frequency of of­fenses against persons; howI.'Y(,1', this was only G.;j('t of this age group's IIl,~jor offense referrals. The 12-1:) age group, as st,Licd above, had a higher percentage.

The 16-17 age group had the highest frequencies in all categories except off<,>llses against persons and negl<,>ct-de­pendent referrals. 47.Wi of alllll;~i()r offense referrals in­volved these ages. Out of the 1,880 referrals for this age group, 72.4% were for m'~ior offenses. Of these, 5~l.8'( were offenses against property, 4.2% were offenses against persons, and H).6~t were victimless offenses. Compared to other age groups, these are the smallest percentages for offenses against property and persons, but,the largest per­centage for vktimless offenses.

Of the c~,351 total referrals, the 11 and under age group accounted for 1 LO~'(, the 12-1:1 group 12.1 (iL the 14-15 group :13.7% and the 16-17 group 4:).2~.

•

15 (

I I

/

Table 7 Reason Referred by Age, 1978

II And 12-13 14-15 16-17 Total Under

Total l\L~j()r Offenses 1 <) .... _I 385 1022 1362 2896 a. Offenses Ag,tinst Persons 6 :~8 66 57 167 b. OffellSes Against Property 104 281 7:39 814 1938 (". Victimless Offenses 4 20 101 267 392 d. Other l\faior Offenses 1 ~) 46 116 224 399

Minor Offenses 26 ;5 382 479 962 Ne,gleet-Dependent 326 6~ :) 6~~ 39 493

Total 479 525 1467 1880 4351

Figure 5 Age Group Referral Frequencies, 1978

14

l\I~jor Offenses 1200

l\Iinor Offenses

;\ egleet-Dependent

1000

400

" 11 And Under Age

12-13 14-15 16-17

1 16

Sex

'I he percentage breakdown of juvenile court referrals hy sex is displayed in Figure (). Of the 4,351 total referrals, :),29H were males and 1.05:1 were females. This yields per­centages of 75.H~; and 24.2(,( respectively.

Males account for an H6.2Q m~jority of the major of­fense referrals. This is a maie to female ratio of ove!' six to one.

The minor offense referrals are more evenly distri­buted between the sexe~. ~Iales. with 565 minor referrals, account for 5f:!.7~;( and females, with ~197, accollnt for ·11.:1('(. This is approximately a three to two male to female ratio.

I'\egleu-t!ependellt referrals is the only categon in which females outnumber males. Of the 493 neglect-de­pendent refeITals reported, 2:i6 (·1:7.9(;(-) were males and 257 (52.1 (If) wt..'re females.

The frequende!i and percentages of offense types within the sex('s are listed ill Table H. Females had ap­proximately equal numbers of m,~jor and minor offense referrals. ~1,~jor offenses ac('()ullted for 37.9<;( of total female referrals and minor offenses accounted for :)7.7r~. M ales. on the other hanel. were far more likely to be re­kned for a Ill'~i()r offense than a minor one. Of the total male referrals. 75.7 c:'c were for m,~j()r offenses compared to only 17.1 Iii: for minor offenses.

There was also a large differenrc between males and females in the neglect-dependent referral category. OnlY 7.2% of all male reh.>lTaIs were neglect-dependent related compared to 24.4(,1 for females.

Since the populatiolls of male and female juveniles are approximately equal. these differen~'es in referral frequen­cies and percelltages indicate significant sex ciifferences.

In summary. approximately three times as many males were referred to juvenile court in 1978. Also. the higher percentage of m,tior offense referrals for males indicates a tendency for males to be referred for more serious of­fenses.

Additional information for individual counties is given ill Appendix A.

17

Figure 6 Sex Percentages, 1978

~I,~or Of lenses 13.87c

Minor Offenses

Neglect-Dependent

Total

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 HO 00 IOO

Percent

Female

Table 8 Reason Referred by Sex, 1978

Male Female

Freel. Percent Freq. Percent

Total Major Offenses 2497 75.7 :-399 37.9 a. OCcnses Against Persons 140 4.2 27 2.6 b. Offenses Against Property 1705 51.7 233 22.1 c. Victimless Offenses 323 9.8 69 6.6 d. Other Maior Offenses 329 10.0 70 6.6

~finor Offenses 565 17.1 397 37.7 Neglect-Dependent 236 7.2 257 24.4

Total 3298 100.0 lO53 100.0

18

Ethnic Group

Ethnic group, or race, data collected by the Commission includes the categories; white. black, :Yfexican-American. American Indian, and "other", The total referral propor­tions for these groups appear in Figure 7. and the frequen­cies fO!' al\ referral types are listed in Table 9.

\\'hites a( collnt for H5.1 (,~ of all referrals and blacks account for ~·U~S~. TIlt' other remaining categories total 6,6~k. The~e percentages differ significantly from the ac­tual proportion of these groui)$ in the juvenile population. According to the most recent data supplied bv the Cniver­sity of ::-""ebraska-Lincoln. Bureau of Business ResealTh for ages \)-17. whites ('()nstitute 95.7(1. blacb :LiC(, and the remaining minorities O.H7c of this age group. It is impmsi­ble to determine using only juvenile court data wIn this discrepancy exists since many variables are probably in­volved.

Of the 359 blacks referred to juvenile court, 3:~9 or 94.4()( come from the more highly urban areas of Dougla~ and Lancaster counties.

For all ethnic groups, rm~jor offense referrals were the most frequent. 7~A7c of black referrals were for m,\jor offenses, followed by whites with 66.5Q.

Blacks had very few minor offense referrals. Only i'.5~'( of black n:felTals were for minor offenses compared to

23.6~ for whites.

All of the non-white categories had high neglect-de­pendent referral percentages compared to whites. 20.1 (7: of black referrals, 16.6'i1- of Mexican-American referrals. 21.47c of American Indian referrals. and 19.4% "other" referrals were negkct-dependent related. The figure for whites was only 9.97c.

= =='

19

,I 1

-------- -----

Figure 7 Ethnic Group Referral Proportions, 1978

White 85.1 ~.';

:".fcxican-Amerkan Other :i.;V'c O.Sq American Indian

Table 9 Reason Referred by Ethnic Group, 1978

White Black J\Iex-Amer Indian Other Total

Total J\L~ur Offenses 2463 260 93 63 17 2896 a. Offenses Against Persons 114 49. .) 8 2 0 167 b. Offenses Against Property 1626 189 70 39 14 19:38 c. Victimless Offenses 350 15 9 15 3 392 d. Other ).faior Offenses 373 13 6 7 0 399 -

Minor Offenses 874 27 28 21 12 962 N edeet -Dcpen dent 367 72 24 23 7 493

Total 3704 359 145 J07 3f) 4351

20

Adams Antel°I)(' Arthur Banner Blaine Boone Box Butte Bovd Browll Buffalo Burt Butler (;as~

Cedar Chas(' (:helTv Clwvennl' Clay ( ;olrax CUIlIing CUstn Dakota Dawes Dawsol1 Deuel Dixon Dodge Douglas Dundv Fillmore Franklin Frontier Furnas Gage C;arden (;arfield (;osper Grant Greelev Hall Hamilton Harlan Hayes Hitchcock Holt Hooker

;"lajOl ;"Iinor

26 :1 :~ 0 1 ()

() 0 () ()

4 ()

Hi 1 0 ()

:~ 2 17 Ii 5 2

9~ .... 1 2 5·1 IX 11 ()

U 0 () (J

~3 5 ~n I 2-1- 11 1:; 1

Appendix A Referrals by County and Sex

;"Iale

[lai'" !'\eglect - Total Dependent !\Iale !\Hn<Jr

0 29 I 12 :J 1 7 1 0 () 1 () ()

() 0 () 0 () () () ()

() J () I 1 IX 2 ()

() 0 () ()

() 5 (J ()

(J 23 2 5 () 7 9 2 0 29 -i 1 :~ 75 2 9 () 11 () ()

() 1 :~ :{ 0 () () () 0 () 3() 0 i 2 9~

.... 1 () (}

I :)6 1 :{

1 17 () 0 Did not report in 197 H I:) 6 4} 21 :i .1-

21 .J :) 2!:! 1 1 45 IH ,> H5 / 1 1 IH $ 0 21 0 ()

5 q () 7 () 0 iO 12 IH 100 12 9

!JO! 29 11 H 731 51 59 1 0 () I 0 (J

11 2() II :H 0 2 :{ 1 1 ;) 0 1 1 1 () 2 0 0 Ii :> 2 1 :) :{ 0

12 5 2 19 1 6 0 () () 0 () ()

5 I 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 () () () 0 0 ()

5 () 0 5 0 ()

\17 54 lfi In7 29 :~4

I'l () () I'l 1 2 I 1 -! 6 () 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 () 0 5 0 0 () 0 0 () () 0 0 0 0 () () ()

Female

~egle(t- Total Total Dependellt Fel11ail' ( :,lSl'~

f 0 Ii ·Hi I -1 :; 12

{J () 1 () (J ()

(J (J ()

() 1 .)

2 t ~~ () (l 0 () () :) 2 9 ~) ')

.1~

() 1- 11 1 !l :U{ 3 1-! ,"\!l () () 11 :{ Ii HI 1 1 1 () ~ :)/ I

I ~ :H I

() -1 10 I) f) 17

0 - 2K I

() ,) :W 2 ~() tl:"l () 0 21 1 1 H

U -!;'J H.'J 19 <> 2:~~ !l~t\

() (J I 0 2 :t{ 0 1 ()

1 1 J () :) It)

:) 10 29 () () ()

(I (l {j

0 'l 2 0 0 0 0 () :>

12 7f1 242 0 :1 II () () 12 0 0 ()

0 () 5 () 0 ()

0 () ()

21 r. I :

1,1 I

I

---- -------- -- -"'--------- ------ -

Appendix A (Continued)

i\lak Female

:\'egkct- Total Neglect- Total Total ~1aior Minor Dependcnt Mall' Major ~1inor DeDendellt Femall' Cast's

Howard 0 :\:~ 1 :H· () l~ 2 1-1 -IH Jefferson B :\ () 11 I :i () ·1 15 Johnson 0 0 0 0 () () () () ()

Kearney () 0 :~ 9 1 () () I 10 Keith 9 1 () 10 1 :1 0 () IIi Keya Paha " 0 (J 2 () 1 () 1 :~

Kimball (j ! () 10 () 1 I 2 12 Knox 10 11 () 21 1 1 () 2 2:~

Lancastn 5H:~ DO 2 Hi5 IH> 7t! 5 Hl7 HM,) I~

Lincoln :)B 1 '1 0 51 '1 -t () M ;,B -> ,) I

Logan () () d () 0 () () 0 ()

Loup 1 () 0 1 0 0 n 0 1 Madison 26 4 6 % -t _1 f) I:) ·HI .1

!\JcPher~on 0 0 0 ()

I 0 0 () () ()

t-.Ierrick 7 :\ () 10 0 1 () 1 11 i\forrill 9 1 () 10 I ~ () 1 :~ I :~ Nance 2 1 () :\ () () 0 () :~

Nemaha ~ () () :~ () 1 () 1 .}

!'\uckolls 6 () 0 n 0 () 0 II ti Otoe :i5 20 0 55 ·1 :~ 0 7 ('" )~

Pawnee 4 () () 4 0 2 () 2 Ii Perkins (J () 0 () 0 () 1 1 1 Phelps 12 5 () 17 0 1 0 I IB 1

Pierce D 1 () 6 () () () () ti Platte 41 IH () 59 H 7 () 15 /·1 Polk 1:3 9 0 22 0 2 () 2 2-1 Red Willow 32 6 5 ·i:i 2 5 4 11 54 Richardson 22 :~ :3 2H () I 1 H % Rock () 0 () 0 I () () I 1 Saline 24- H 1 :j13 I 6 :) IIi 49 ~arpy 105 39 1 145 32 22 0 :).1 199 Saunders 20 1 1 22 :3 1 -1 8 :~O

Scotts Bluff 111 3! 18 16:1 44 31 20 95 25H Seward 2H 10 () 44 ;~ 5 () 14 5H Sheridan 16 7 :i 26 1 10 '7 18 ·14 Sherman 8 () 0 8 () 2 () 2 10 Sioux 0 () 0 0 0 () 0 0 0 Stanton 12 I 3 16 (J :1 2 5 21 Thayer 12 1 () 1 ~~ 2 3 () 5 18 Thomas 0 0 0 () 0 () 0 () 0 Thurston 12 ~i 0 15 3 0 0 3 IH Valley 4 4 () 8 1 4 () 5 13 \Vashillgton 20 :-2 1 23 4 0 2 t) 29 Wayne 5 4 0 9 0 () () () 9 Webster ·1 1 0 5 () 0 0 0 5 \-Vheeler 0 0 () 0 (J 0 () () 0 York 37 10 2 49 4 It) 4- 24 73

State Total 2497 565 236 3298 399 397 257 1053 4351

22

Appendix B Uniform Crime Report Juvenile Arrest Data, 1974-1978

197,1 197il 1!l10 1 !177 I ~17H

M unler, ~Iallslaught('r !l n ~ H 1 Death by :\ egligelH'(' 2 I 2 I ')

Forcible Rape t) ~) ~,} ~H) :10 IH 1" ,I

Robbery ~ 1:~ 210 };jH J ,)-~J I I):!

Felony Assault 1t)() 1 (i:~ 1"-... , I (Hi ~J(l

Burglarv I~7!1 ) 17;) 1120 II H 1 IOlH I .arn:n \ -' rhe ft -1O~:>' ·1056 :~7tjil :~:-)():! :UHI Y\Iotor \'chide Theft (iil, :>~7 ,1fj, Lil LiS ;\fisclcamcallor ;\s~au!t ;i71 -1-10 il/){) Ell :11, Ar~()n 1 Ei 50 li'!) 11 >11 Forgery. Cotlllt('rfciting ,Ii 1<11 H:! 10;\ r;lj

Fraud 1 :!:>, U7 I IIi ~17 i IIi EmbcllI'.'lllCtll 1 1 1 Ii Stolen Pmpe!ty-Buy. etc. ~O:~ IKi 200 iO!l lK~j

Yalldalism H2,! 1:!1H 1 :~H-! 110;; ;';.:l Weapons Offeilse" 7il , I tis till ,-)0

PlOstitutioll. C01l11ll. Yice 2() Ii :!H J.') Ii Sex (Hfenses II ~ -,)

,~ Hli :~H 1/

Drug .\hus(' Vioialioll'i 11 H:! lOtH 1O:1H ~11 g 7 Hl {;ambling H () " (/ II .)

()fft'm,t's Again"! Fam., (:hildn'll ., 11 .. Iii -.) .) , DriYing l'llcier tht' Int1u(,llct' 1-9

I~ 2()~1 :!:1~1 :!\HI :1112 Liquor L1\\ s 110:1 E'd~l 1 ill)-l I i;~)7 I :1x~J Drull kt'llt'ss- I Ht ()xicati( 1Il 2til Q .. )d

~)- .. ) :!~)ti :\lX 1<.)<' .. J_\.

Disorderh (:olldu(t ,..,.", ... , .:..J ()~l:! :itiK !!iO :1U~t

Yagrann !fi !} -t Ii K

All Olher OJlclI'icS 12-t~ 11 i:~ I1l5/) J-lIJX 1 :.!tlS Suspicioll ~()1 1 \JD C" 1_ 7\1 -" '-e: uri t'W, Loitl'1'ing \'ioia! ion s r"" J,).) .!()() G.") X il~ Ill:! Runaways 12tiO IO,() :i!HI :1~d

... 1,,) ~ 1 ~l_,,-)

Total 1f)lt{~l 1 ;")2Ij-l It2,~ H,II!l::! I ::.!~lt)7

~:~ r ! I

Appendix C Referrals by Region

Regioll ~L\j()r ~Iil1()r N egkct -Ikp('ndt'll t Total

(i55 HH 2-10 9H:~

2 tHHI 1()() 7 H-'J I ...

:~ l() 10 2 2H 5&6 :~59 12 I 5H 5:~H .... 7·1 :Hl ·1 lOH I

H&H 13H H4 '-)') ... ,1 27:'>

10 HO 11 12~ 11&25 H:~ :W 21) I:W 12 1-!2 U~9 :n :n2 1 :~ 7H 10 ,)

~11 .J

14 :Hi 21 5 ('9 1_

13,W&I7 105 .H ~~ IHI IH 41 17 () iiH 19&21 7f) 91' _.) 3 107 20 41 12 10 f}:~

22 1 (Hi G(i :HI 271 2:~ ;")7 I.) ~) _.) I ti !Hi 24&2tl :10 H 1 Iii

Total 2H9(i Hti2 ·Hl:~ t"ii I

""". OAWn S"UtOAN eHun a,TA. UhA

23 10'- lUlU

$cons IIUff MOn'l! .... 1),,.,

."HHU -22 19& 21

CH"HINI IUMUH &IIHt

OfUH

(HA\(

24

, ...

;1 I

:i

I'