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Some ReflectionsLew TermanIEEE Past PresidentIEEE Region 8 MeetingVenice, Italy26 April, 2009

The IEEE at 125Lew TermanIEEE 2009 Past PresidentIEEE Region 10 Students CongressSingapore17 July, 2009

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1884

University of Wales, Bangor, founded

Motto: Gorau Dawn Deall (“The Best Gift is Understanding”)

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Since 1884, IEEE has been fostering technical innovation for the benefit of humanity.

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1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is foundedA small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president.

Invitation to the AIEE organizational meeting, Electrical World, 5 April 1884

Norvin Green, President of Western Union Telegraph and first president of the AIEE

Program of the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia

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A New Industry: Electric Power and LightElectric power and light systems arose primarily from Thomas Edison’s work. Edison opened his first electric power plant in New York in 1882. Within a decade, electric power had spread to every corner of the globe, with many new applications. The AIEE became dominated by power engineers. 1882

Edison’s first commercialplant, Pearl St., NY

Frank Spragueworked for Edisonbefore leaving todevelop the firstcommercially practicalelectric streetcar.

ThomasEdisonand hisincandes-cent lightpatent

1906 Using an electric ironby an electric light

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AC vs. DC PowerIn the 1890s, AC power, championed by George Westinghouse working from inventions by Nikola Tesla, became standard because it could be efficientlytransmitted over long distances from massive power plants, such as that built at Niagara Falls, which began sending power to Buffalo in 1896.

1905 Power Generation at Niagara Falls

1895 Niagara Falls Power Plant

Nikola Tesla,inventor of theinduction motor anda comprehensivesystem for polyphaseAC power.

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Communications: The first important electrical technologySamuel Morse’s first US telegraph line connected Washington and Baltimorein 1844. By 1866, a telegraph cable connected the United States and Europe. Alexander Graham Bell followed in 1876 with a telegraph that talked—the telephone.

1882Telephone set

Franklin Pope,telegraph operator

Telegraph linecongestion

A. G. Bell

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The Birth of RadioRadio, a new electrical technology, arose in the first decade of the twentieth century. Wireless telegraphy using spark transmitters was the original application, but particularly after the invention of the vacuum tube amplifier, it began to be usedto transmit speech and music.

1912Radio telegraph operators’communications with thesinking Titanic demonstratedthe power of radio

1901Guglielmo Marconi andGeorge Kemp withequipment used intransatlantic wirelesstelegraphy

Alexandr PopovRussian Radio Pioneer

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Formation of the IRE, 1912With the new industry came a new society in 1912, the Institute of Radio Engineers or IRE, modeled on the AIEE, but devoted to radio, and later increasingly to electronics.

IRE logo

IRE annual banquet, NY, 1915. Amongthose attending were Tesla, Sarnoff,de Forest, and Alexanderson

Alfred GoldsmithIRE Co-founder and first journal editor

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Milestones:Fleming de Forest Armstrong

The Fleming Valve

The Audion (Triode)

Superhetero-dyne Circuit

FM Radio

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Media Becomes ElectronicIn the 1920s, Radio broadcasting swept the world. Between 1921 and 1930 the number of US households with radios grew from close to zero to almost 14 million. And a still newer technology, television, was moving from experiment to reality. IRE members led the way in these developments.

Vacuum tubes, thefirst electronicamplifiers, maderadio broadcastingand transcontinentaltelephony possible.

1939 RCA President David Sarnoff openingcommercial TV service,NY

1930sListening to radio

1921 WJZ Studio, Newark NJ

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AIEE and IRE serve their members and their professionsBoth societies ran technical conferences, published journals, promulgated standards, developed codes of ethics, and encouraged the training of student engineers.

Proceedings of the AIEE,

September 1916

Proceedings of the IRE

September 1926

NBC engineers at an IRE banquet

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World War II

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Solid State ElectronicsThe transistor and its progeny, the integrated circuit, opened enormous possibilities for new technologies ranging from the iconic portable radio to increasingly powerful computers. Solid state electronics became a hot field in the post war years.

1961First commercial monolithicintegrated circuit, Fairchild

1958Transistor radio

1958Jack Kilby’s first integratedcircuit

1947William Shockley,John Bardeen, andWalter Brattaininvented thetransistor, the firstsolid state amplifierand switch at BellLabs

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Computers and ComputingBy the late 1950s electronic computers had evolved from science fiction to tools for scientific research and large business applications. Alongside rose a new profession, that of the computer engineer.

1943-1946 ENIAC, widelyregarded as thefirst generalpurposeelectronic digitalcomputer.

1952 John Von Neumann with his experimental IAS computer

1959 IBM 7090, one of the first fully transistorized computers

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MicroelectronicsAs integrated circuits evolved into (among other things) microprocessors, or computers on a chip, the costs dropped dramatically to the point where a student in the early 1970s could own an electronic calculator, and the student of the early 1980s an entire computer. Gordon Moore predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors that could be placed on a single chip would double every two years. Moore’s law has held true for over forty years.

1972 Hewlett-Packard HP35calculator

The Apple IIcomputer, introducedin 1978, broughtcomputing power to desktops.

Intel’s first microprocessor,the 4004 introduced in 1971,contained 2300 transistors ona single chip

Andrew Grove, GordonMoore, and RobertNoyce, founders of the Intel Corporation

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AIEE + IRE = IEEEThe idea that there should be one organization for all electrical engineers was an old one, and became more powerful as the profession expanded beyond its separate roots in power and radio. In 1962, the boards and memberships of the two institutes agreed to merge.

On January 1, 1963, the IEEE was born with 150,000 members, 140,000 of whom were in the United States.

1962 Symposium on the proposedmerger, IRE National Convention

Special merger issue of theProceedings of the IRE

The badge of the new IEEEcombined the right hand rulefrom the IRE with the kite fromthe AIEE

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IEEE – founded January 1, 1963

At creation had 7 Regions– 6 in the US– 1 in Canada

By the end of the ’60’s, IEEE had 10 Regions– 6 in the US– Canada– Europe and Africa– Latin America– Asia / Pacific

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Students: 85,000

Dec. 2008 Total Members:  382,000

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Recent Slope ~1.2%/yr => 50:50 in 5 years

Global Membership1995 to 2008

70.8%

29.2%

54.8%

45.2%

2008 Students: 70% in R7­10

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51.3%50.1%48.3%48.3%44.3%42.7%

39.7%39.6%43.6%

41.3%37.1%

33.7%32.6%30.0%

48.7%49.9%51.7%51.7%55.7%57.3%

60.3%60.4%56.4%

58.7%62.9%

66.3%67.4%70.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

% of Total Student MembershipMembership Trends -Students

1995 to 2008

US non-US

*GSM Included in Student totals

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The Globalization of IEEE

2003

IEEEStandardsregionalwebportal 

IEEE responded to the emerging global village by becoming more global itself. By 2008, 43% of its 380,000 members resided in 160 countries besides the United States.

1994 Staff at the IEEE Beijing Sectionoffice

2003

Students atNigeria’s FederalUniversity ofTechnology Werra(FUTO) greetIEEE SpectrumSenior EditorHarry Goldstein

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Now, let’s fast forward from 1963, through….

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… innumerable new technologies….Integrated CircuitsPhotovoltaicsSmart Power/Smart GridMedical ElectronicsRemote LearningMOS and CMOS Devices and CircuitsRadarDRAMLanding on the Moon/Space ProgramMagnetic BubblesProgramming LanguagesSolutions/Applications/Services SoftwareDigital Signal ProcessingGaAs/III-V TechnologyRobotsMoore’s LawCAD ToolsOperating SystemsDigital AudioWord ProcessingSpread sheetsThe Web and the InternetSatellitesFlash MemorySensorsTransducersOrganic ElectronicsSuper Computers

MEMsHard Disk Magnetic StorageLEDsLCD displaysPlasma displaysThe MousePCMACWork StationWalkmaniPodCell PhonesWiFiOptical FiberLasersDigital PhotographyDigital TVWikiBlogFace BookCCD ImagersCMOS ImagersHeterojunction Bipolar TransistorsMemory HierarchyRISC Architecture

…et al…

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IEEE Todayn More than 380,000 members, including over 80,000 student

members in more than 160 countries n 324 sections in 10 geographic regions worldwide n 1,784 chapters that unite local members with similar technical

interests n 1,616 student branches and 452 student branch chapters at

colleges and universities in 80 countries n 38 societies and 7 technical councils representing the wide range of

technical interests n 390 affinity groups consisting of Consultants' Network, Graduates of

the Last Decade (GOLD), Women in Engineering (WIE) and Life Members (LM) groups

n Nearly 1,300 standards and projects under developmentn Over 2 million documents in the IEEE Xplore® digital library n Publishes a total of 144 transactions, journals and magazines n Sponsors more than 900 conferences annually

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So where are we now?

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Moore’s Law

Gordon Moore2008 IEEE Medal of Honor Recipient

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2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of Giant Magnetorestance”

Peter Grunberg and Albert Fert

1 TB Storage for < USD 100

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Jack Dongarra

Intel TeraflopsChip

Supercomupter Sites

#500th SC

1 PETAFLOP

Top SC

To

p 50

0 Su

m

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Vinton “Vint” Cerf “ Father” of the Internet

Internet 1985

Global Internet 2009

ARPANET 1973

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“On the Internet, nobodyknows you’re a dog…”

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MRI System

Prof. Paul Lauterbur & Sir Peter Mansfield

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003  Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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125 Years….

….It has been a long, fantastic, and exhilarating journey….

….And the best is yet to come!

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Advancing Technology for the Next 125 Years

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1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is foundedA small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president.

Norvin Green, President of Western Union Telegraph and first president of the AIEE

Program of the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia

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Internet 1985

Global Internet 2009

Vinton “Vint” Cerf “ Father” of the Internet

ARPANET 1973