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ASSIGNMENT NO 02IDENTIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBER

BY BURN TESTBY SOLUBILITY TEST

BY MICROSCOPIC VIEWNAME : MUHAMMAD AHSAAN

DISCIPLINE : TS – 01 (A)SUBMITTED TO : SIR IMRAN RAZA

DATE : 28/04/2016

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COTTON: By burn test: Is a cellulose fiber. It burns and may flare up when lit. No

melted bead is left by it. After burning, it continues to glow. It gives out smell like that of a burning paper. The smoke is gray or white. The ash is fine, soft that can be easily crumbled. 

By microscopic : The cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a

microscope, it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbonlike tube with rough granular surface. However, mercerized cotton doesn't have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen, straight, smooth and round with a shining surface.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

1)70% H2So4 (20 Mins) 1)80% formic acid 2) Cuprammonium 2) Xylene Boiling Hydro oxide 3) Chlorine Bleach5%

4) Acetone 100% 5) HCl 20%

SOLUBLE

INSOLUBLE

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SILK: By burn test: Is a protein fiber which burns slowly and curls away from the

flame. It leaves dark bead which can be easily crushed. It is self-extinguishing and leaves ash that is dark, gritty, fine powder. It smells like burned hair or charred meat. It gives out a little or no smoke and the fume has no hazard.

 

By microscopic:  Raw silk fiber, composed of two filaments, has elliptical

shape under the microscope. The two fine and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape. Wild silk or tussah fiber has different appearance than the cultivated silk. It is flattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine, wavy lines all across its surface whereas cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks on it.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100% 2)70% & 60% H2So4 2) Xylene Boiling 3) HCl 20% 3)meta cresol

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WOOL: By burn test: Is a protein fiber which burns slowly. It sizzles and curls

away from flame and may curl back onto fingernail. It leaves beads that are brittle, dark, and easily crushed. It is self-extinguishing and leaves harsh ash from crushed bead. It gives out a strong odor of burning hair or feathers. It gives out dark smoke and moderate fume.

By microscopic test: Wool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multi cellular

structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope, three basic layers are shown- epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle layer) and medulla (inner layer). Medulla is seen only in coarse and medium wool fibers and that too under a highly powerful microscope.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100% 2) Cold Meta cresol

2) Boiling NaOH 5% 3) 80% Formic acid 3)Molar Sodium 4) Acetone 100% Hypochloride 5) HCl 20%

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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POLYESTER: By burn test : Is a polymer produced from coal, air, water, and petroleum

products. It burns quickly and shrinks away from flame, may also flare up. It leaves hard, dark, and round beads. After the flame, it burns slowly and is not always self-extinguishing. It has a slightly sweet chemical odor. It leaves no ash but its black smoke and fume are hazardous.

By microscopic:  Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round

cross sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its appearance changes in context of texture and luster.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

A. Hot meta cresol dicholroacetic acid A) Cold meta cresol 80% formic acid

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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NYLON: BY BURN TEST: Are made from petroleum. Due to their fabric finish, they

quickly burn and shrink to flame. The beads are hard, grayish and uncrushable. After flame, they burn slowly and melt. They are self-extinguishing but drip dangerously. Their odor is like celery and they leave no ash but the fume is very hazardous.

BY MICROSCOPIC: There are many variants of nylon fiber. However, generally it

appears fine, round, smooth and translucent. Sometimes it has shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted under the microscope. 

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

A)80% formic acid cold meta cresol.

A) cuprammonium hydroxide. Dichloromethane

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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RAYON: BY BURN TEST: Is a manufactured cellulose fiber. It burns without flame or

melting and may flare up. Unless there is a fabric finish, it doesn't leave any bead. After the flame is removed, it may glow a bit longer than cotton. It smells like burning paper and leaves soft, gray ash. It's smoke is a little hazardous.

BY MICROSCOPIC:  Rayon fiber has uniform diameter with glass like shine. If

delustered then rayon fiber shows marks similar to pepper, when viewed cross sectionally. Viscose fiber of rayon looks irregular when viewed cross sectionally.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

  1)70% n 60% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5 2)Acetone 100% 3)Formic Acid 90% 4)HCl 20%

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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LINEN: BY BURN TEST: A cellulose fiber, it takes longer to ignite. It is easily

extinguished by blowing on it. Other properties are similar to hemp and jute.

BY MICROSCOPIC:  Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like having multiple

sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filaments show nodes at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo stick having joints that results into a little unevennes

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

A. 75% (m/m) sulphuric acid Xylene (boiling) Meta cresol.

(slowly and may be partly only) swells in cuprammonium hydroxide.

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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ACETATE OR TRIACETATE: BY BURN TEST: Is a protein fiber which burns quickly and can flare even

after flame is removed. The bead is hard, brittle, and can't be crushed. It melts into very hot bead and drips very dangerously. No ash is left by it and the smell is like hot vinegar or burning pepper. It gives out black smoke and the fume is hazardous.

BY MICROSCOPIC:  Acetate fiber looks lesser irregular than viscose rayon when

viewed cross sectionally. It has indentations that look like occasional marks when viewed longitudinally.

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BY SOLUBILITY TEST:

A)Acetone 100% A) HCl 20% B)Formic Acid 90% B)Chlorine Bleach %5 C)H2SO 70% n 60%

SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE

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THE END