icn: information centric networking · 3gpp dedicated core networks (décor) – a potential...

ICN: Information Centric Networking A new networking model for mobile networks and beyond

Paul Polakos, Fellow, Cisco Systems

June 29, 2016

2 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Overview - Where Mobility Networks are headed Key Aspects of 5G

5G* • Why is it needed? What is it? When is it? • Review of “5G” Technologies

5G RAN Evolution • CRAN architecture • Low cost, neutral host, wideband access points

5G Core Evolution • Network slicing to support wide range of use cases/

verticals & business models • Core evolution including Control/User plane split

5G Internet Evolution •  Information Centric Networking • New model for modern internet usage based on

optimized mobility, security and storage

*see: https://www.ciscoknowledgenetwork.com/files/545_11-3-2015-5G_on_Cisco_Knowledge_Network_v4.pdf?utm_source=&utm_medium=&utm_campaign=&PRIORITY_CODE=194542_20


5G Core Evolution Enhanced core network to support wide range of use cases, verticals and business models


5G Architecture Vision

Source: NGMN 5G White paper February 2015

5G must flexibly support certain RATS for certain applications with certain network functions

Access Agnostic CP / UP split


Network Slicing

Network slicing to provide flexibility to effectively/efficiently support various use case/verticals & business models

Source: NGMN 5G White paper, February 2015

!  3GPP Dedicated Core networks (Décor) – a potential enabler for network slicing • Décor feature enables an operator to deploy

multiple logical mobile core networks connected to the same RAN

• Network slicing use cases which only differ in terms of the required CN configuration could be realized by the Décor feature (i.e. via multiple dedicated CNs)

• Cisco standards team contributed extensively to Rel-13 Décor work in 3GPP

• Cisco is a supporting company of the on-going work on Rel-14 enhancements for Décor (aiming at enhanced isolation between different dedicated CNs).

!  Industry still working to identify 5G use cases for network slicing


5G Internet Evolution Information Centric Networking New model for modern internet usage based on optimized mobility, security and storage


! With New Emerging Technologies: IOT, unlicensed/Wi-Fi evolution How do we implement mobility across this diverse access environment? • The complex mobility network infrastructure was created due to the need to preserve the session when devices moved from one IP address to another (IP address preservation).

•  If we eliminate sessions … can we eliminate this complexity and make mobility access agnostic?

! Huge traffic growth expected, driven by content/video consumption. How do we get content close to the edge (Current CDN technology seems insufficient) • Can we cache content in the network in a distributed fashion to create an intrinsic, scalable content centric network?

! How do we deal with security and associated encryption issues while providing reasonable network management (HTTP 2.0)? • Can we secure the content rather than the container (e.g. router, host) or the communication channel?

! How do we more effectively deploy broadcast and multicast services ubiquitously in face of today’s cumbersome overlay methods?

! Can we make mobility more efficient by making it an intrinsic aspect of the network?

Future Network Challenges

ANSWER: YES -> We need to consider an Information Centric Network


Information Centric Networking Providing a New Foundation for 5G

CONTENT AS AN OBJECT Slice Content into discrete namable

chunks

THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS

NAME BASED ROUTING A name could refer to any number

of entities

TRANSPORT ENHANCEMENTS

•  Can be encrypted as an object •  Supports blind caches and network storage

capabilities •  Supports multipath / multicast capabilities

•  Enables intelligent SDN based routing •  Network based “DNS equivalent” •  User / Application identity no longer tied to IP

address supporting mobility, multipath / multicast

•  Address TCP issues •  Local cache can be used for error recovery •  Usable by non-content related traffic


Mobility Overlay

Security Overlay

Transform the Overlaid IP Transport Network

Storage Overlay

To an Integrated Mobile, Secured, Distributed Storage Network

Deliver services using a new communication model that addresses modern Internet usage & Exploits latest Future Internet Architecture research

!  Mobility – eliminate need for special mobility overlays

!  Security – guarantee the integrity of every data object

!  Storage – dynamic placement of information anywhere in the network

Information Centric Networking Providing a New Foundation

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i.  Universality: the protocol should be a common network protocol for all applications and network environments

ii.  Data-Centricity and Data Immutability: the protocol should fetch uniquely named, immutable “data packets” requested using “interest packets”

iii.  Securing Data Directly: security should be the property of data packets, staying the same wheter the packets are in motion or at rest

iv.  Hierarchical Naming: packets should carry hierarchical names to enable demultiplexing and provide structured content

v.  In-Network Name Discovery: Interests should be able to use incomplete names to retrieve data packets**

vi.  Hop-by-Hop Flow Balance: over each link, one interest packet should bring back one data packet

NDN* Protocol Design Principles

*http://named-data.net/project/ndn-design-principles/ **Active discussion topic


Information Centric Networking (NDN/CCN) Architecture

Underlying Principle: Request / Response communication paradigm

Model for information retrieval – •  ask the network for a chunk of data by name •  return the (named) chunk to where the request came from

eg /conf/papers/NDN.pdf nb variable-length content names are routable entities— - conventional routing protocols operate on structured content names rather

than structured IP addresses - ensures scalability

Hierarchical (and perhaps human-readable) ContentName

Interest Data Request / response model "# data delivered over request path

Two basic types of packets:

*NDN and CCN are closely-related ICN archtectures

ICN Introduces per-packet state into the routed-network fabric


ICN Routing Example – basic concepts

ICN routers comprise three components (rather than one) i.  FIB: Forwarding Information Table

– can have multiple forwording entries per prefix

ii.  PIT: Pending Interest Table – return route state for outstanding requests

iii. Content Store: Integral content cache in networking layer

Interest Packet

Data Packet

Three main components of ICN: Forwarding Info, Pending Interest & Content Storage


ICN communication principles

•  Packets say ‘what’ not ‘where’ (no addresses)

•  Pull-based model controlled by consumer

•  No connections

•  Dynamic in-network forwarding decisions

•  in-network storage


What per-packet state buys •  Built-in Mobility support

•  Built-in multicast delivery

•  Instantaneous feedback loop at every network hop

•  Flow balance: Key for Scalable Multi-Source Multi-Destination data delivery •  Interest packet retrieves one Data packet across each hop on each link

•  Inherent multi-destination, multi-path congestion control •  Opportunity to re-think congestion control from ground up (eg non-flow-based congestion control) •  Hop-by-hop congestion control is arguably a lot easier than end-to-end.

•  Loop-freeness: keeping pending Interests enables loop detection •  Enables multipath forwarding

•  Attack Resiliency / example: Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) mitigation •  DDOS in IP networks – hard to mitigate because network is stateless •  ICN: (1) unsolicited data packets are dropped: Interest state is erased once data is forwarded – future

copies of data dropped; (2) flooding interests: knowing which interface the interest came on – can backpressure interests.


!  For data received, the user can verify: !  Integrity: Is data intact and complete? !  Authenticity: Who asserts this data is an answer

(provenance)? !  Correctness: Is this an answer to my question

(relevance)?

!  Key concept: Secure the content not the container or the communication channel

!  ContentObject := Name; SignedInfo; Signature; Content

Security—Trust the Content (not the connection)

Disentangle issues of user privacy & data integrity, authenticity, confidentiality


Remove constraint that packet labels can only identify communication endpoints. Generalize label # ICN Names can identify anything, eg an endpoint, a video chunk, an RT voice segment, a command to an IoT device.

•  Naming schema is set by the application design Names are opaque to the network

•  Names defined with a specific scope and context; may have local or global meaning. Unique within their designated scope Naming strategies are a topic of current research – how applications define names that facilitate both application development and network delivery.

•  In CCN/NDN, Name # hierarchically structured Object label

ICN Names


Back to 5G Core Evolution Network Slicing provides a minimally-disruptive means to introduce ICN into the 5G Core in an economically and operationally feasible way.


Network Slicing

Dedicated Core 3

Dedicated Core 1

Slice Orchestration

RAN MME

SGW PGW PGW PGW

Services

Services

DeCor or MOCN APNs or GTP-C Redirection

FMSS

Basic Concept

•  Network slicing refers to the ability to run multiple logical networks as virtually independent business operation on a common physical infrastructure

Network slicing goes hand-in-hand with SDN and NFV

•  Virtualization and automation control of compute and connectivity provides a basis for flexibly allocating resources to a virtually independent business operation

Slicing allocates traffic to resources and hence should operate at many levels of granularity

•  S & P gateway selection, APN selection, selection based on “UE User Type” (Décor), …

Programmable traffic flow steering functions in the user plane which are: (1) existing 3GPP selection functions endowed with interfaces for control (e.g. APN selection), or (2) new selection functions that introduce points of flexibility where none where present before (e.g. Décor) A “meta/slice orchestrator” designed to use a slice template to instantiate a slice upon which the virtually independent business operation association for that slice can be built Steering Control to ensure any traffic defined at any granular level reaches the slice resources that consume it

ICN Router A

ICN Router C PGW ICN Router B


Network Slicing – Option A

Dedicated Core 3

Dedicated Core 1

Slice Orchestration

RAN MME

SGW PGW PGW PGW

Services

Services


FMSS

Option A:

•  Using Decor or MOCN to route ICN traffic to a dedicated core.

•  Assumes an ICN UE (all traffic is ICN based)

•  Aspects of the dedicated core may or may not be integrated into the ICN router (as needed) ... e.g. using NFV.


ICN Router A

Services


Network Slicing – Option B

Dedicated Core 3

Dedicated Core 1

Slice Orchestration

RAN MME

SGW PGW PGW PGW

Services

Services


FMSS

Option B:

•  Using APNs to direct traffic to an ICN Router “PGW”.

•  Assumes a UE has a dedicated IP address/APN for a separate ICN stack

•  ICN Router B can integrate some PGW functionality


Services PGW ICN Router B


Network Slicing – Option C

Dedicated Core 3

Dedicated Core 1

Slice Orchestration

RAN MME

SGW PGW PGW PGW

Services

Services


FMSS

Option C:

•  Using 3GPP FMSS (Gi-LAN traffic steering) to direct traffic to an ICN Router

•  UE can put an ICN client stack in “the app” and run it over IP

•  ICN Router C can be a “generic” ICN router


ICN Router C


Network Slicing with Multiple RATs

Dedicated Core 3

Dedicated Core 1

RAN MME

SGW PGW PGW PGW

Services

Services


FMSS

Basic Concept

•  The mobile ICN Routers can also be the common “first” ICN router for other adjacent (typically operator managed/owned/leased) RATs to support mobility and multi-path.


ICN Router A

ICN Router C PGW ICN Router B

Other Network

5G RAT

Wi-Fi

...


In Conclusion •  5G will introduce a combination of RAN and Core transformations •  5G evolution must meet major service objectives and cost reductions

•  Support any access network and any service •  “Network Slicing” to both create a context for “Mobility as a Service” and provide a

pathway to introduce new networking technologies (eg ICN)

•  Information Centric Networking (ICN) introduces mobility friendly, secure and content-aware networking framework

•  ICN has a much broader application space than Mobility. But 5G is a prime, well-timed initial use-case

•  Considerable research effort is systematically addressing protocol design issues •  Current efforts to raise visibility in standards and industry bodies (eg 3GPP, NGMN, 4G-

Americas, ATIS, ITU-T, etc) is having desired impact •  Commercialization in the 5G timeframe requires significant push by industry to move beyond

the academic phase. Cisco is pulling together parties interested to work collectively toward this objective.


Introductory Papers: •  V. Jacobson et al, Networking Named Content, CoNEXT ‘09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging

Networking Experiments and Technologies

•  L. Zhang et al, Named Data Networking, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 44(3):66–73, July 2014. •  G. White, G. Rutz, Content Delivery with Content-Centric Networking, Feb 2016,

http://www.cablelabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Content-Delivery-with-Content-Centric-Networking-Feb-2016.pdf

Blog Posts: •  G. White (CableLabs), Reinventing the Internet, http://www.cablelabs.com/re-inventing-the-internet/

Papers, Tech Reports, Tutorials:

•  http://named-data.net/ and http://named-data.net/publications/ •  https://www.ccnx.org/papers-tech-reports/

ICN-Research Group (current/past material and links to Related Conferences and Workshops):

•  http://trac.tools.ietf.org/group/irtf/trac/wiki/icnrg Network Application Example (one of many):

•  G. Carofiglio et al, Scalable Mobile Backhauling via Information-Centric Networking, Proc. of IEEE LANMAN, 2015.

Links to some References:

Thank you

icn: information centric networking · 3gpp dedicated core networks (décor) – a potential...

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