icmpd elimination of human project brief and ukraine through … · moldova and ukraine – source...
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Moldova and Ukraine – source countries for labour migration and human trafficking
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, migra-
tion has been an important strategy for men
and women of both countries to cover the basic
needs of their families. The minimum estimated
number of labour migrants from Ukraine is 2
million. For Moldova, the estimated number of
labour migrants ranges from 370,000 to 600,000.
The overwhelming majority of migrants end
up in an irregular employment situation in
major destination countries, such as the Russian
Federation, Turkey, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic,
Portugal, Germany and the United Kingdom.
They are employed in labour intensive sectors
where informal labour arrangements are wide-
spread, for example construction, agriculture,
restaurants and catering, domestic service and
in entertainment.
Despite the demand for flexible and cheap
labour in destination countries, legal migration
channels are limited. There is also a lack of reli-
able information in Ukraine and Moldova about
working conditions abroad. This bottleneck is
exploited by smuggling and trafficking networks
that promise lucrative jobs abroad that either do
not exist or turn out to be very different in reality.
Some unscrupulous employers exploit the vul-
nerability of irregular migrant workers who are
unaware of their rights or are afraid to denounce
exploitation. Some of them are trapped in situ-
ations of forced labour from which they cannot
escape due to threats, violence or other means
of coercion. According to ILO estimates, there are
at least 200.000 victims of human trafficking in
transition countries at any given point in time.
The project will be linked to the ongoing ILO
project: “Employment, vocational training
opportunities and migration policy measures
to prevent and reduce trafficking in women
in Albania, Moldova and Ukraine” as well as to
current and planned ICMPD activities in the
field of migration management. The second
phase of this project, funded by the Irish
Government, will complement several activities
foreseen under the AENEAS project. Activities
will be closely coordinated with other relevant
organisations, such as IOM and OSCE as well as
national government authorities, social part-
ners and civil society organisations.
Project Brief
Elimination of human trafficking from Moldova and Ukraine through labour market based measures
International Centre forMigration Policy Development
ICMPD
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Project regions in Ukraine:
1. Chernivetska oblast
2. Volynska oblast
3. Zakarpatska oblast
4. Khmelnytska oblast
5. Lvivska oblast
Contact
ILO Geneva
Beate Andrees
Email: [email protected]
Tel.: +41-22-799 6452
Fax: +41-22-799 6561
ILO Budapest
Anna Farkas
Email: [email protected]
Tel.: +36-1-301 4900
Fax: +36-1-353 3683
ILO Chisinau
Jana Costachi
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: + 37322 237646
Fax: + 37322 237695
ILO Kiev
Sophia Lytvyn
Email:
Tel.: +38 044 289 57 65
Fax: +38 044 537 23 34
ICMPD Vienna
Elisa Trossero
Email: [email protected]
Tel.: +43-1-504 4677 40
Fax: +43-1-504 4677 75
Key ILO publications
ILO: A global alliance against forced labour,
Geneva, 2005
ILO: Human trafficking and forced labour exploitation:
Guidance for legislation and law enforcement,
Geneva, 2005
ILO: Trafficking for forced labour: How to monitor the
recruitment of migrant workers, Training manual,
Geneva, 2006 (translated into Romanian and Ukrainian)
ILO: Trafficking of migrant workers from Ukraine: Issues
of labour and sexual exploitation, ILO Working Paper 39,
Geneva, 2005.
ILO: Forced labour outcomes of migration from Moldova:
Rapid assessment, ILO Working Paper 38, Geneva, 2005.
Key ICMPD publications
ICMPD: Guidelines for the development and implemen-
tation of Comprehensive Anti-trafficking responses,
2006 (available in English, Romanian and Russian)
ICMPD-UNDP: Law Enforcement Manual for Combating
Trafficking in Human Beings, 2006 (available in English,
Romanian and Russian)
ICMPD: Anti-trafficking Training Material for Judges and
Prosecutors, 2006
ICMPD: Anti-trafficking Training Manual for Police,
Border Guards and Customs Officials, 2006
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The ILO approach
The International Labour Organization
The ILO was founded in 1919 and became
the first specialized agency of the UN in
1946. The ILO formulates international labour
standards in the form of Conventions and
Recommendations setting minimum stand-
ards of basic labour rights, such as freedom
of association, collective bargaining, aboli-
tion of forced labour, equality of opportunity
and treatment, and other standards regulat-
ing conditions across the entire spectrum
of work related issues. It provides technical
assistance primarily in the fields of labour law
and administration, employment policy, in-
dustrial relations, working conditions, labour
migration, social security, labour statistics
as well as occupational safety and health. It
promotes the development of independent
employers’ and workers’ organisations and
provides training and advisory services to
those organisations. Within the UN system,
the ILO has a unique tripartite structure with
workers and employers participating as equal
partners with governments in the work of its
governing organs.
ILO Conventions relevant to the
prevention of human trafficking
Forced Labour Convention,
1930 (No. 29)
The Migrant Workers (Supplementary
Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143)
Migration for Employment Convention
(revised), 1949 (No. 97)
Private Employment Agencies Convention,
1997 (No. 181)
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention,
1999 (No. 182)
Since its establish-
ment, the ILO has
been concerned with
the protection of migrant
workers’ rights. In 1998, with
the adoption of the Declara-
tion on fundamental principles and
rights at work and its follow-up, the ILO
stressed once again the need to protect mi-
grant workers from violations of their basic
labour rights. One fundamental principle
is the freedom from all forms of forced
labour at the workplace. In 2001, the ILO
Governing Body established the Special Action
Programme to Combat Forced Labour (SAP-
FL) to spearhead ILO activities against forced
labour and trafficking. SAP-FL has undertaken
new research on the scope of forced labour in
the world today, including human trafficking.
It provides technical support to governments
and social partners on laws and policies that
aim at the elimination of forced labour and
trafficking. It has also initiated work on preven-
tion and rehabilitation through micro credit
schemes, vocational training and improved of
public employment services. The ILO stresses
the importance of labour market institutions
in the prevention and eradication of trafficking
as well as the need to build their capacity for
more effective action.
SAP-FL collaborates with the International Mi-
gration Branch (MIGRANT) in assisting countries
in law and policy formulation to promote safe
migration. The main activities of the Migra-
tion Branch focus on the protection of migrant
workers and their rights; promotion of migrant
workers’ integration in countries of destination
and countries of origin; promotion of interna-
tional consensus on how to manage migration;
and enhancing the knowledge base on interna-
tional migration.
The project
The project offers a long-term perspective
against trafficking in human beings in Moldova
and Ukraine by addressing gaps in the cur-
rent implementation of National Action Plans
against Human Trafficking. It is funded under
the European Commission’s programme on
financial and technical assistance to third coun-
tries in the field of migration and asylum (AE-
NEAS). It will be implemented over a period of
two years, starting in November 2006. Specific
labour market based measures against hu-
man trafficking will be implemented, such as
enhancing labour market information systems
in the Public Employment Service, training
of labour inspectors and other government
authorities to better monitor private employ-
ment agencies, improvement of vocational
training curricula and promotion of entrepre-
neurship among returned trafficked victims,
and support for data gathering on irregular
migration and trafficking from both Ukraine
and Moldova.
Expected results
Enhanced National Action Plans against
human trafficking, improved migration
policies, legislation and administrative
regulations
Increased number of prosecutions of
trafficking and related offences, including
abusive recruitment practices
Potential migrants have better access to
migration-related information and legal
channels of migration
Increased number of trafficking victims given
assistance, including opportunities for com-
pensation and socio-economic reintegration
Trade unions and employers organisation
actively involved in policy formulation and
support for trafficked victims as well as
potential migrants
Project partners
The International Centre for Migration Policy
Development (ICMPD) is an inter-governmen-
tal organisation based in Vienna with a man-
date to promote comprehensive and sustain-
able migration policies. It functions as a service
exchange mechanism for governments and
organisations in the wider European region.
ICMPD advises on measures against irregular
migration and human trafficking as well as on
policies regarding border management, visa,
return, readmission, and asylum. ICMPD will
contribute in expertise with regards to the
design and implementation of National Action
Plans, training of law enforcement personnel
and data gathering. The Ministry of Labour
and Social Policy in Ukraine and the Ministry of
Economy and Trade in Moldova are committed
to support the implementation of the project
in all its stages.
Project regions
in Moldova:
1. Chisinau
2. Balti
3. Cahul
Informal meeting place
for daily workers
in the building sector
and recruiters in the
suburbs of Moscow,
2006.
Photographer: Crozet, M.
Young girls from
Moldova employed
on a demolition site,
2006.
Podolsky district,
Moscow region.
Photographer: Crozet M.
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