ICCDU XII conference – Alexandria June 2013

CO2 - loop for Energy storage and conversion to Organic chemistry Processes through advanced

catalytic Systems

Funded by the European Union

L. Bedel, J. Amouroux, T. Andreu, A. Bengaouer, S. Cavadias, R. Fernandes, C. Henriques, J. Klein, C. Lombard, A.R. Machado, O. Maigrot, R. Martins,

JR Morante, T. Pardal, M. N. da Ponte, G. Roux, P. Siffert

Outline

- Context

- CO2

- RE at EU level

- CEOPS Project (FP7-NMP)

- Concept

- Objective

- Consortium

- Impacts

- Conclusion

CO2 context

Trends in global CO2 emissions / 2012 report / PBL NEAA - EC

Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997

and entered into force in 2005

Despite CO2 emissions have continued

to increase mainly due to

new economic power like China and India

≈ 35 GT CO2 emission in 2012 : ≈ 50 % => Ocean & land

≈ 50 % => Atmosphere (GHG effect and climate change)

CO2 content in atmosphere :

+/- 400 ppm : this threshold has been achieved for few days or will be achieved soon.

A binding environmental context : CO2 ought to be captured for large emitters in the future (reduction of CO2 emissions)

An objective of sequestration (& valorisation?) in 2050 (more than 4GT per year1..?).

CO2 Capture

CO2 Sequestration

CCS

ValorizationEnergy : CH4 , Fuels,

Methanol : energy and chemistry

Chemistry : commodity & fine chemicals

CO2 context

CO2 Valorisation

1 : Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industry United nations Industrial Development Organization

2 nd life of C

CO2 Capture (large emitter)

CO2 sequestration & valorisation : two complementary approaches

Renewable energy context

Electricity generation from RES (excluding hydro) in EURE progress & biofuel sustainability (2013 report)

Inadequation « RE production » and consumption (ex DK)

Objective of Renewable Energy development in Europe: - At least 20% of its energy will have to come from renewable sources in 2020

=> Electricity storage for short & long periods

- Fluctuation of renewable energy production (wind & solar) at different time scale (day, week, month, season …)

- Fluctuation of energy consumption (day, week, month…)

But at any time :

Electric production = Electric consumption

Renewable energy context Power to gas or power to liquid

Societal acceptance

Integrated approach at system level

Renewable Energy

Water / steam electrolysis

H2

Natural gas network

Domestic uses

Fuels

Transportation

Chemical market

Several markets

Exi

stin

g in

fras

tru

ctur

e

(HTE) Water evaporation

Carbonvector

CO2 desorbed (Amine solvent)

CO2 Capture Exothermicity

CO2 hydrogenation

Catalytic reactionCO2

Surplus RE (electrolysis => H2) + CO2 of capture => methane, methanol,…, it is :

- less fossil fuel consumption; high storage capacity; less GHG emissions

To be competitive in term of economy : integrated approach (energy) & business model

Surplus

Electro-chemical reactorAnode H2O O2

Cathode CO2 CH4

CO2 - loop for Energy storage and conversion to Organic chemistry Processes through advanced

catalytic Systems

CEOPS project : specific context

Cement industry standpoint :

CO2 emissions from cement industry represent 1.5-2 Gt/year which is about 5% of anthropogenic global CO2 emissions.

The global average CO2 emissions were 0,723 tCO2 per ton of cement in 2010

=> 2/3 from decomposition of limestone CaCO3 in lime CaO

=> 1/3 from combustion of coal or heavy oils or natural gas : bring energy to the process

United Nations Industrial  development Organization predicts for the cement industry that 1.1 Gt of CO2 should be reduced (Capture nearly 50%) from the expected 2.5-3Gt of CO2  by 2050.

Impact on cost of cement (40 – 80 € per ton of CO2 captured) => valorisation

Fine chemicals standpoint :

Methanol is an important and versatile building block for chemistry and also for energy

=> 60 Mt/year by 2015Acetic acid, formaldehyde, olefins, ephedrine, caffeine …. but also for energy Demand for high-value products such as low carbon footprint methanol. High environmental added value chemical precursor for the fine chemicals industry with the ambition to create new market opportunities.

CEOPS : To reinforce the link (create a bridge) between large CO2 emitters and fine chemical industries at the European level via an extended and existing European infrastructure of an intermediate carbon vector : CH 4

CEOPS Project concept

Project concept : Based on two chemical pathways

CO2 to CH4 at the point of CO2 emissions (cement work)

Conversion of methane to methanol at the point of fine chemicals production.

In two stages (industrial) : steam reforming of CH4 + CO hydrogenation (Steam reforming

represents 60-70% of present methanol cost production).

Large stake on the direct conversion CH4 CH3OH

but high risk and big challenge (could be competitive for 10-15% of efficiency)

Methane will act as an easy transportable carbon vector (from intermittent source)

Consortium

The project is led by CEA-Institute of new energy

and nanomaterials.

CTG-Italcementi, GDF-Suez Energy Romania and Chemie-Cluster Bayern will bring respectively their expertise in CO2 emissions, CH4 injection and transportation and on methanol use for the fine chemical industry. They also contribute to the techno-economic and environmental assessments of the CEOPS concept.

Instituto Superior Técnico, Fundacio Institut De Recerca De L'energia De Catalunya, OMNIDEA will develop advanced catalysts.

University of Pierre & Marie Curie, CEA-Institute of new energy and nanomaterials, Fundacio Institut De Recerca De L'energia De Catalunya, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa will develop electro-catalytic processes.

European Materials Research Society and Chemie-Cluster Bayern will ensure the dissemination of the CEOPS concept and results.

Overall objectives

- Develop and evaluation of advanced catalysts for application in three promising electro-catalytic

processes :

- DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) => plasma catalysis in fluidized bed (both pathways)

- Photo-activated catalysis (both pathways)

- Electro-catalytic reduction (CO2 to CH4)

-Benchmark of performances of the studied “catalyst and process” schemes.

& Selection of the most efficient and durable scheme for each pathway

Base on conversion rate, selectivity and energy (electricity) consumption.

-Realization of a prototype of sub systems A and B at a scale of m3.h-1 of methane in order to

demonstrate the proof of concept and to generate the required data for the techno-economic assessment.

- The scalability of both schemes will be also studied with the support of the industrial partners and

industrial partners will lead the techno-economic and environmental assessments.

Scientific and technical objectives

4 main objectives and involvement of partners

UPMC, CEA, IREC, NOVA

CEA + selected partners

CTG, GSER, OMNIDEA, CCB + CEA

IST, IREC, OMNIDEA

Impacts : Methanol market & Beyond

Impact of CEOPS far beyond the objectives of CEOPS

The achievement of CEOPS objectives will impact firstly the chemical market

but also in a second time the energy market (storage of renewable energies)

- Development of RE at the European level, the electricity storage is becoming a major issue for the next decade

- CO2 conversion into “renewable” CH4 will ease the storage of renewable energy generated during low production peaks of combined Wind and PV electricity generation

- Allow simultaneous electrical storage avoiding

or reducing CO2 emissions as a consequence

Methanol market Methanol is an important fine chemical precursor for the chemical industry:Formaldehyde (textile, coating industry and medicine), MTBE (Metyl-tert-butyl-ether used as an additive in gasoline), Acetic acid, ephedrine, caffeine… and various chemical compounds used as solvents.

An increasing demand low carbon footprint (instead of methanol which is produced today mainly from fossil CH4)

Impacts : Dissemination

- Important activity linked to the topic of the call and the CO2 context

Dissemination toward Europe and public

- Classical dissemination : publications, conferences, Newsletters, public website…

- 3 Workshops (with CCB members)

- 2 CEOPS workshops (EMRS)

- 2 Summer schools (EMRS)

Conclusion

- CO2 and renewable energy contexts

- Power to gas & power to liquid concepts

- Energy storage and transportation

- CO2 hydrogenation => several markets (from energy to chemistry)

- CEOPS (FP7-NMP) project

- Feb 2013 - Jan 2016

- Dissemination

- “Rendez-vous” in two years with results !

Thank you for your attention !!

Any questions?