ib spanish year 12 notes

7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes

1/26

End of Year Revision Spanish

Quien? Quienes? Who? (3rd person, singular or plural

verb)Que? What?

Cuando? When?

Donde? Where?

Por que? Why?

Como? How?

Present tense

You have to remove the ending of the word, such as Amar becomes

Amo if you want to say I love

Person Regular ar Ending

Yo o

Tu as

El/Ella/Usted a

Nosotros/as amos

Vosotros/as ais

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an

Word Definition Example Yes/No

Amar To love Te amo I love you

Andar To walk

Bailar To dance

Buscar To look forCantar To sing I sing - Canto

Comprar To buy

Entrar To enter

Escuchar To listen

Esperar To hope, to waitfor

Estudiar To study

Hablar To speak, talk

Llegar To arrive

Abhi Agarwal www.abhiagarwal.com


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Llevar To wear, carry

Mirar To watch

Pagar To pay

Practicar To practice

Preparer To prepare

Tocar To touch, play

Tomar To take

Trabajar To work

Person Regular er Ending

Yo o

Tu esEl/Ella/Usted e

Nosotros/as emos

Vosotros/as eis

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en


Aprender To learn Yo aprendoBeber To drink

Comer To eat

Cometer To make

Comprender To understand

Correr To run

Creer To believe

Deber To owe

Leer To readMeter To put

Poseer To possess, own

Romper To break

Temer To fear, dread

Vender To sell

Person Regular ir Ending

Yo o



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Tu es

El/Ella/Usted e

Nosotros/as imos

Vosotros/as is

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en


Abrir To open Yo abro las vintanas

Admitir To admit

Asistir To attend

Cubrir To cover

Decider To decideDescriber To describe

Descubrir To discover

Discutir To discuss

Escribir To write

Existir To exist

Permitir To permit

Recibir To receive

Subir To climb, go upSufrir To sufer Ella sufre mucho

Unir To unite

Vivir To live

Future Tense

you add them to the ending of the word, like hablar, becomes hablare

if you wana say I will talk


Yo e

Tu as

El/Ella/Usted a

Nosotros/as amos

Vosotros/as ais




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Person Regular er Ending

Yo e

Tu as

El/Ella/Usted a

Nosotros/as emos

Vosotros/as eis


Person Regular ir Ending

Yo e

Tu as

El/Ella/Usted aNosotros/as imos

Vosotros/as eis


Exceptions to the future tenses

Word Definition Becomes Yes/No

Decir To say DireHacer To do Hare

Poner To put Ponder

Poder To be able Podre

Querer To want Querre

Saber To know Sabre

Salir To go out Saldre

Tener To have Tender

Venir To come vendre

Past Tense

Drop the ar and add the following endings


Yo e

Tu aste

El/Ella/Usted o



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Nosotros/as amos

Vosotros/as asteis

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes aron

Person Regular er/ir Ending

Yo i

Tu iste

El/Ella/Usted io

Nosotros/as imos

Vosotros/as isteis

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ieron

Present Continuous

For ar verbs: take ofthe ar and add -ando

Phrase Meaning

Estoy Hablando I am talking

For -er/-ir verbs: take ofthe er/-ir and add iendo

Phrase Meaning

Estoy comiendo/viviendo I am talking/living

Word - Tengo

Tuve



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Tuviste

Tuvo

Tuvimos

Tuvisteis

Tuvieron

Reflexive verbs

If theres a word such as Despertarse, you cant change it right now

because it has a se at the end, so you have to remove the arseand put the word such as (Me, Te, se, nos os, se) and then add

the ending to it, so it becomes Me desperto

Person Regular -ar Ending

me o

te as

se a

nos amos

os ais

se an

Person Regular -er Ending

me o

te es

se e

nos imos

os is

se en

General grammar

If noun ends with consonant, add es: actor, actors

If non ends with a vowel, add s: chico, chicos

If noun is borrowed from English, add s or es: club, clubs/clubesIf a noun ends in z, the ending changes to ces: pez, peces

The word for the can be used for many things,



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With languages (except hablar and estudiar)

With school subjects (except tener)

Used with peoples titles when talking about

them Used with das of the week to mean on day/

days

Lo bueno (the good thing), lo major (the best thing) , lo malo (the bad

thing) , lo peor (the worst thing)

A few adjectives are shortened when they are before a masculine

singular noun

Word Shortened Example

Bueno Buen Hace buen tiempo

Malo Mal Hace mal tiempo

Primero Primer Es su primer libro

Tercero Tercer Vive en el tercer piso

Alguno Algun Hay algun libro aqui?

Ninguno Ningun No, no hay ningun

libro aqui

Grande gran; it is shortened before either a masculine or a femininesingular noun, Hay una gran variedad de platos

The position of the adjective afects its meaning, the common

adjectives go before the noun, bueno, joven, Segundo, proximo,

ultimo

Before the noun After the noun

Pobre Unfortunate Poor

Grande Great Big/tall



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nuevo New (diferent) New (brand new)

Comparison

To say that something or somebody is more or -er you put mas

before the adjective. Than is translated by que:

Laura es mas rica que Juan

Laura is better ofthan Juan

To say that something or somebody is less you put menos before the

adjective again followed by que

Tomas es menos inteligente que Pablo

Tomas is less intelligent than Pablo

To say that something or somebody is as as you use tan +adjective + como

La cathedral es tan Antigua como el CastilloThe cathedral is as old as the castle

To say something or somebody is the most or the est you put thedefinite article (el, la, los, las) before mas + the adjective (but dont

repeat the article if it is already used with the noun immediately before

the adjective):

Nuestro colegio es el mas modern de la ciudad

Our school is the most modern in the town

To put special emphasis on an adjective, you can add ismo/a/os/as

to it. This is a strong way of saying very:

El colegio es aburridismo

School is so boring

La chaqueta es carisima The jacket is incredibly expensive

Deomstrative adjectives (this and that, thse and those) are used with a

noun and must agree with it

Masc singular Fem singular Masc plural Fem plural

Este Esta Estos Estas This/theseEse Esa Esos Esas That/those



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Aquel Aquella Aqeullos Aquellas That/those

Indefinite adjectives

Cada each

Cada dia traja mas

Otro/a another

Tienes otro boligrafo?

Todo/a all

Tiene todo tipo de fruta

Mismo/a same

Lleva la misma chaqueta She is wearing the same jacket

Algun/alguna some, any

Tienes algun amigo que te podria acompanar?

Have you got a friend who could go with you?

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that describe actions, you can form them byputting -mente to the feminine form of the adjective

Probable probablemente probably

Facil facilmente easily

Lento lentamente slowly

A list of adverbs:


Mucho A lot

Poco A little

Bien Well

Mal Badly

Bastante Enough

Algunas veces Sometimes

Muchos veces Often



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A menudo Frequently

Siempre Always

Aqui Here

Alli There

Ahora Now

Ya already

Phrases and words to learn


A To

Al To the

De Of, from, about

Del Of the, from the

Por Along, through,

by

En In

Es is

Conmigo With me

Consigo With her/him/her

Ya YetEres You are

Es He/she/it is, oryou formal are

Son They/you are

Nunca Never

Nini Neither this northat

Nadie No one


Estan They are

Este This

Este (with accent

on E)

This one

Ese That

Ese (with aaccent on E)

That one



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Esto es This is

A causa de Because of

Si If

Sino If not

Si with accent oni

Yes

Tales Such as

Aun even

Aunque Although

Ademas Besides,moreover

Cada Each, every

A veces Sometimes

Quiz fue Perhaps

Propiamente Actually

Hasta siempre Forever

Tal Such (a)

Tan Such (as)

Un tal A certain (object)

Algo Something

Contra Against

Tras AfterA partir de From

Junto a Joined

Junto con Together with

Acordarse de To remember

Mide It measures

Pesa It weighs

Vamos a ver Lets see

Deme Give meJuntos Together

Los Meses del Ano

Spanish Month English Month

Enero January

Febrero Febuary

Marzo March

Abril April



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Mayo May

Junio June

Julio July

Agosto August

Septiembre September

Octubre October

Noviembre November

Diciembre December

Mi familia


Mi padre My Dad

Mi madre My mother

Mi hermano My brother

Mi Hermana My sister

Mi hermanastro My stepbrother

Mi hermanastra My stepsister

Mi tio My uncle

Mi tia My aunt

Mi primo My cousin

brother

Mi prima My cousin sister

Mi abuelo My grandfather

Mi abuela My grandmother

Mis padres My parents

Mis hermanos My siblings

Mis abuelos My grandparentsEl hijo Son

El hija Daughter

Los hijos The children

El sobrino Nephew

La sobrina Niece

El nieto Grandson

La nieta Granddaughter

El cunado Brother-in-law

El cunada Sister-in-law



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El suegro Father-in-law

La suegro Mother-in-law

El hijo politico Son-in-law

El hija politica Daughter-in-law

El esposo Husband

La esposa Wife

El vecino / la

vecina

neighbour

Los gemelos/

gemelas

Twins

Los parientes relations

Los deportes:


Futbol Football

Baloncesto Basketball

Tenis Tennis

Natacion Swimming

Voleibol Volleyball

Hockey Hockey

Rugby Rugby

A la pelota vasca Spanish squash

Common questions:

Quien sabe? Who knows?

Cmo? How? (Note: accent)

Que? What?



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Dnde? Where?

Adnde? Where to?

De donde? Where from?

Cuanto? How much?

Cuantos aos? How old?

Cuanto tiempo? How long?

Cuantas? How many?

Cuantas veces? How many times?

Cuando? When?

Cul? Which?

Quin? Who?

Por qu? Why?

Que es? What is?

Sabes? Do you know?

A quin? Whom?

Para quin? For whom?

Con quin? With whom?

De quin? Whose?

Qu? Which?

Cual? which?

Para qu? What for?



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Useful phrases

Al contrario on thecontrary

Ms amargo que bitterer than

O sea que in other words

Ten en cuenta bear in mind/ take account of

De verdad que si yes, definitely

Me voy a llevar Ill have

Ahi va there you are

De acuerdo fine, ok

De muchisima categoria of a very high class

Al mismo tiempo at the same time

Que me conviene that suits me

Vd. dir you tell me

Le he dicho anteriormente I told you before

Le combina todo goes with everything

Pasa Vd. por caja go to the counter

Dentro de ellos amongst these

Puede oscilar can vary

De dos en dos aos every two years

Puesto que since

Claro es que it is obvious that



16/26

Casi almost

Le echo de menos! I miss him!

Qu asco! How gross!

Viva! Hooray

Qu desastre! What a mess!

Me a asco it is disgusting

El ao pasado last year

El ao que viene next year

Ya lo s I know

De modo que so

A m no me importa Im not bothered

De acuerdo OK

Escribime write to me

Lo que hago what I do

Otra vez again

Vaya! what a!

Todo eso all that

Debido a due to

Sin duda without a doubt

Con tal que sea provided that

Hace veinte aos 20 years ago



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Es decir it is to say

De vez en cuando from time to time

Al cabo de; al inicio de at the beginning of

Todava con all the time

Dentro de poco tiempo in a little time

A corto plazo in the short term

Secreto major guardado best kept secret

Al acercarse approaching the

Ya que se trata since he could see

Sin embargo nevertheless

Vale okay

Qu se llevara what will be in fashion

A su rollo her own way

Que no sean that are not

Una racin de a portion of

La misma cancion the same story

Con buen pie on good footing

Creo que s I think so

Creo que no I don't think so

Pienso lo mismo I think so too

Qu piensas o crees? What do you think?



18/26

Qu te parece? What do you think of?

Que opinas tu? What is your opinion?

Que vamos a hacer? What shall we do?

Que pasa? What is going on?

Puede deletrealo? Can you spell it for me?

Qu tiempo hace? What is the weather like?

Lo bueno que The good thing is

Lo malo que The bad thing is

Estas en tu casa! Make yourself at home!

Al otro lado de On the other side of

No tenerlo not to have

Ademas de On top of all this

Que no pueden unable to

Por primera vez for the first time

En primer lugar in the first place

A principios de at the beginning of

En medio de in the middle of

Sin duda without a doubt

A precio fijo at a fixed price

A gran distancia at a great distance

Por lo menos at least



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A lo major probably

Por lo tanto therefore

Por lo visto apparently

La mar de bien Very well

Lo interesante qe What is interesting is that

Desde lo alto de la colina from the top of a hill

Es lo de siempre It is the same old story.

Siento lo occurido I am sorry about what has happened.

Miro lo rapido que corre! Look how fast he is running!

Has visto lo cansada que esta? Have you seen how tired she is?

Expressions

Qu tonto! how silly!

Qu sorpresa! what a surprise!

Qu triste! how sad!

Qu maravilla! how wonderful!

Qu susto! how scary!

Qu aburrido! how boring!

Qu chulas! how cool!

Salud! bless you

Vocabulary (back of the book)



20/26


Soy I am

Eres You are

Es He/she is

Somos We are

Ser To be

Sois You (pl.) are

Son They are

Me llamo My name is

Te llamas Your name is

Se llama His/her name is

Amigo Boy

Amiga Girl

Vivir To live

Tener To Have

Buenos Dias Good morning

Buenos tardes Good evening/

afternoonBuenos Nachoes Good night

Hasta luego Goodbye/seeyou

Hasta la vista Goodbye/seeyou

Un Caballo Horse

Un gato Cat

Un pez Fish

Un conejo Rabbit

Un perro Dog

Un payaro Bird

Un tortuga Turtle

Un raton Rat

Australia Australia

Escocia Scotland

Espana SpainEstados Unidos United States



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Gales Wales

Inglaterra England

Irlanda Ireland

Jamacia Jamacia

Mexico Mexico

Nigeria Nigeria

Paquistan Pakistan

Grande Big

Pequeno/a Small

Alto Tall

Bajo Short

De talla mediano Medium sizeBlanco/a White

Moreno Dark

Negro Black

Rubio Fair

Pelinojo Red-headed

Bastante Quite

Gordo Fat

Bonito/a Good looking

Feo/a Ugly

Delgado Thin

Hablo Language, speak

Aleman German

Catalan Catalan

Espanol Spanish

Frances French

Gales Welsh

Ingles English

Italiano Italian

Amarillo/as Yellow

Azul Blue

Blanco/as White

Negro/as Black

Gris GreyMarron Brown



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Rojo Red

Verde Green

Azules Blue

El Pelo HairCastano Brown hair El pelo castano

Negro Black hair

Pelirrojo Red hair

Rubio Fair hair

Corto Short

Largo Long

Liso Straight

Andulado WavyRizado Curly

Los Ojos Eyes

Azules Blue Los ojos azules

Barba Beard Llevo barbra

Llovo Took

Bigote Moustache

Gafas Glasses

Lleva He/she wears

Fantasmas Ghost

Veces At times

Cada dia Each day

Biblioteca Library

Salir To go outRegalos Gifts

Vintanas The windows

Por la manana In the morning

Por la tarde After morning /

evening

Por la noche At night

Days of the week



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Lunes Monday

Martes Tuesday

Miercoles Wednesday

Jueves Thursday

Viernes Friday

Sabado Saturday

Domingo Sunday

Places in your house


La cocina Kitchen

El salon Living room

El dormitorio Bedroom

La terraza Terrace

El garaje Garage

El jardin Garden

El comedor Dining room

El (cuarto de)bano

Bathroom

El despacho Oce

El aseo Toilet

El pasilo Hallway

La escalera Stairs

El armario Cupboard

Las estanterias Self

La mesa Table

La silla Chair

La cama Bed

La lampara Lamp

El ordenador Computer

La puerta Door



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La television Tv

El equipo de

musica

Music system

la paved Wall

La alfombra CarpetLas cortinas Curtains

El norte North

El este East

El sor South

El oeste West

La costa Coast

El campo The countryside

La ciudad The city

Las aferas The outskirts

Arriba Upstairs

Se despierta She wakes up

Se levanta She gets up

Una entrada A hall

Un balcon A balcony

Un laradero Utility room

Delante Infront

Detras Behind

Encima On top

Debajo Underneath

Al lado Beside

A la derecha To the right of

A la izquierda To the left of

Entre Between

Escritorio Desk

Butaca Arm chair

Privado Private place

Cansado Tired

Persianas Blinds

Es pejo Mirror

El tocador Dressing table



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De lavabo Wash basin

Mesilla Side table

Reloj Watch

Tranquilo Calm

La ciencias de

orderadores

Computer

science

Los empreariales Business

La economia Economics

La fisica Physics

La quimica Chemistry

La biologia Biology

La teoria de

conormiento

TOK

El dibujo Art

Odiar To hate

Odio I hate

Fuiste I went

To stay alojarse

I stayed me aloje

El extranjero abroad

E is always followed by a

So Donde fuiste a comer?

Voy

Vas

Va

Vamos

Vais

Van



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ib spanish year 12 notes

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