ib physics data and formulas
TRANSCRIPT
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Page 1: Fundamental constants
Gravity acceleration g 9.81 ms-2
Gravitational constant G 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2
Avogadro's constant NA 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
Gas constant R 8.31 JK-1 mol-1
Boltzmann's constant k 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.67 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4
Coulomb constant k 8.99 x 109 Nm2C-2
Permittivity of free space 0 8.85 x 10-12 C2N-1m-2
Permeability of free space 0 4 x 10-7 TmA-1
Speed of light in vacuum c 3.00 x 108 ms-1
Planck's constant h 6.63 x 10-34 Js
Charge on electron e 1.60 x 10-19 C
Electron rest mass me 9.11 x 10-31 kg = 0.000549 u = 0.511 MeV/c2
Proton rest mass mp 1.673 x 10-27 kg = 1.007276 u = 938 MeV/c2
Neutron rest mass mn 1.675 x 10-27 kg = 1.008665 u = 940 MeV/c2
Unified atomic mass unit u 1.661 x 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV/c2
Page 2 : SI prefixes and unit conversions
tera = T = 1012, giga = G = 109, mega = M = 106, kilo = k =103, hecto = h = 102, deca = da = 101, deci = d = 10-1, centi = c = 10-2, milli = m = 10-3, micro = = 10-6, nano = n = 10-9, pico = p = 10-12, femto = f = 10-15
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 x 1015 m 1 parsec = 3.26 ly
1 astronomical unit(AU) = 1.50 x 1011 m 1 radian (rad) = 180o/
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60 x 106 J 1 atm = 1.01 x 105 Nm-2 =101 kPa = 760 mmHg
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Page 3 : Electrical circuit symbols
Symbols are given for: cell, battery, lamp, ac supply, switch, ammeter, voltmeter, galvanometer, resistor, potentiometer, transformer, heating element
Page 4 : Measurement and mechanics
Horizontal and vertical components of the vector A: AH = Acos AV = Asin
Uncertainties: If y = a b then y = a + b
If y = ab/c then y/y = a/a + b/b + c/c
v = s/t a = v/t g = F/m g = Gm/r2
Page 5 : Mechanics
v = u + at s = ((u+v)/2)t s = ut + ½at2 v2 = u2 + 2as
s : displacement, t : time, u : initial speed, v : final speed, a : acceleration
F = ma p =mv F = p/t Ek = p2 / 2m
Impulse = Ft = p W = (Fss =) Fs cos Ek = ½mv2 Ep = mgh
P (= E/t or W/t) = work/time = Fv F = (-) kx Eelas = ½kx2
a = v2/r = 42r/T2 = Fr sin Ffr = kN and Ffr < or = sN
F = Gm1m2/r2 Ep = -Gm1m2/r V = -Gm/r T2/R3 = constant
Page 6 Thermal physics and Waves
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Q = mcT Q = mL p = F/A pV = nRT
Q = U + W W = pV efficiency = (QH - QC)/ QH
= Carnot efficiency = (TH - TC)/ TH QC/QH = TC/TH (Carnot cycle)
f = 1/T v = f fbeat = f1 - f2
Moving source: f' = f ( 1 / (1 vs/v)) Moving observer: f' = f (1 vo/v)
d sin = n s = D / d sin 1 / sin 2 = v1 / v2 n = c / v n1sin1 = n2sin2
Page 7 : Electricity and magnetism, electromagnetism
F = kq1q2/r2 where k = 1/40 E = F / q E = kq / r2
E = - V / x E = V / d V = kq/r where k = 1/40
I = q / t R = V / I P = VI = I2R = V2/R R = R1 + R2
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 B = 0I / 2r B = 0NI/L = 0nI F = ILBsin
F = qvBsin F/L = 0I1I2/2r = BLv = BAcos
= - N/t Irms = I0 /2 Vrms = V0/2 Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Page 8 : Atomic, nuclear and quantum physics
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E = mc2 E = hf p = h/
hf = φ + Ek,max hf = hf0 + eVs N = N0e-t T½=ln 2/
Page 9-10 : SL options
Page 11 : Biomedical physics and The history and development of physics
= 10 log ( I / I0 ) where I0 = 10-12 Wm-2 I = I0e-x x½ = ln2/
Mechanical Advantage = load/effort
Velocity Ratio = distance moved by effort/ distance moved by load
Absorbed dose = Absorbed Energy / mass Exposure = total charge / mass
Dose equivalent = quality factor x Absorbed dose
1 / TE = 1/TB + 1 / TR 1 / = RH ( 1/n2 - 1/m2 ) xp h/2 Et h/2
Page 12 : Astrophysics and Relativity
L = AT4 max = 2.90 x 10-3 / T d(parsec) = 1 / p(arc-second)
b = L / 4d2 v = Hd / v / c
= 1 / ( 1 - v2/c2 )½ t = t0 L = L0 /
ux' = ( ux - v ) / ( 1 - uxv/c2)
m = m0 p =m0u E0 = m0c2 E = mc2
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E2 = p2c2 + m02c4 f / f = gh / c2 RSch = 2GM / c2
Page 13 : Optics
n1sin1 = n2sin2 n = 1 / sinc 1/f = 1/u + 1/v m = hi / ho = v / u
M = i / o = / b = 1.22/b d sin = n