iap_intro
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EXPLANATION OF TPP TERMS AND SYMBOLS ThediscussionsandexamplesinthissectionwillbebasedprimarilyontheIFR(InstrumentFlightRule
TerminalProceduresPublication(TPP).OtherIFRproductsusesimilarsymbolsinvariouscolors(seeSection
2ofthisguide).Thepublicationlegendslistaeronauticalsymbolswithabriefdescriptionofwhateachsymbol
depicts.Thissectionwillprovideamoredetaileddiscussionofsomeofthesymbolsandhowtheyareusedon
TPPcharts.
FAAchartsarepreparedinaccordancewithspecicationsoftheInteragencyAirCartographicCommit-
tee(IACC),whichareapprovedbyrepresentativesoftheFederalAviationAdministration,andtheDepartment
ofDefense.Someinformationonthesechartsmayonlyapplytomilitarypilots.
PILOT BRIEFING INFORMATION
The pilot brieng information format con-sists of three horizontal rows of boxed proce-
dure-specic information along the top edge of the
chart. Altitudes, frequencies and channel, course
W
andelevationvalues(exceptHATs,HAThsandHAAs)
arechartedinboldtype.Thetoprowcontainsthepri-
maryprocedurenavigationinformation,nalapproach
course, landingdistance available, touchdown zone,
thresholdandairportelevations.Themiddlerowcon-
tainsprocedurenotesandlimitations,iconsindicatingif
nonstandardalternateand/ortake-offminimumsapply,
approachlightingsymbology,andthefulltextdescrip-
tionofthemissedapproachprocedure. Thebottom
rowcontainsairtogroundcommunicationfacilitiesand
frequenciesintheorderinwhichtheyareusedduring
anapproachwiththetowerfrequencyboxbolded.
NOTE:The W symbol indicates thatoutages of the
WAASverticalguidancemayoccurdailyatthisloca-
tiondue toinitialsystem limitations.WAASNOTAMs
forverticaloutagesarenotprovidedforthisapproach.
UseLNAVminimaforightplanningattheselocations,
whetherasadestinationoralternate.Forightopera-
tionsattheselocations,whentheWAASavionicsindi -catethatLNAV/VNAVorLPVserviceisavailable,then
vertical guidance may be used to complete the ap-
proachusingthedisplayedlevelofservice.Shouldan
outageoccurduringtheprocedure,reversiontoLNAV
minimamayberequired.AstheWAAScoverageisex-
panded,the W willberemoved.
PLANVIEW
Thedataontheplanviewisdrawntoscale,un-
lessoneofthefollowingthreechartingdevicesareuti-
lized:concentricrings,scalebreaksor insetbox(es)
Mostnon-RNAVinstrumentprocedurechartsdepicta
referenceordistancecircle (not tobeconfusedwith
theconcentricrings)whichisnormallycenteredontheFinalApproachFix(FAF)andhasaradiusof10NM
Thiscircleisintendedonlytoprovideasenseofdis
tanceandscale.Databothwithinandwithoutthecircle
isdrawntoscale,unlessascalebreaksymbol is
utilized.
Inmostcases,obstructionsclosetotheairport
which can be depicted within the parametersof the
airportsketch,willbeshownthereratherthaninthe
planview.Someoftheseobstaclesmaybecontrolling
obstructionsfortheprocedure.
Terrain Depiction
TerrainwillbedepictedintheplanviewportionofallIAPsatairportsthatmeetthefollowingcriteria:
If the terrain within the planview exceeds
4,000feetabovetheairportelevation,or
If the terrain
withina6.0 nauticalmile
radiusoftheAirportRefer-
encePoint(ARP)risesto
at least2,000feetabove
theairportelevation.
Approximately240
airportsthroughouttheUS
currentlymeet the above
criteria.
The initial contour
value (lowest elevation)
willbeatleast500butno
more than 1000 above
the airportelevation.The
initial contour value may
belessthan500abovetheairportelevationifneeded
todepictariseinterrainclosetotherunwayend.The
nextcontourvaluedepictedwillbeata1000increment
AT FOR NAO
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Base Areas:theleftandrightbaseareasarebounded
bythestraight-inTAAandtheextensionoftheinterme-
diatesegmentcourse.Thebaseareasaredenedby
a30NMradiuscenteredontheIAFoneithersideof
theIF/IAF.TheIF/IAFisshowninthebaseareaicons
withoutitsname.Thealtitudeshownwithinthebase
areaiconsprovidesminimumIFRobstacleclearance.
MinimumMSLaltitudesarechartedwithineach
of these dened/subdivisions that provide at least
1,000feetofobstacleclearance,ormoreasnecessary
inmountainousareas.
NOTE: Additional information for the TAAs can be
found in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
Para5-4-5-d.
ALTERNATE MINIMUMS
Whenanalternateairportisrequired,standard
IFR alternate minimums apply. Precision approach
proceduresrequirea600ceilingand2statutemiles
visibility;nonprecisionapproachesrequirean800ceil-ingand2statutemilesvisibility.Whena appearsin
theNotes sectionof theapproachchart, it indicates
non-standardIFRalternateminimumsexistfortheair-
port.ThisinformationisfoundinSectionEoftheTPP.
If appears,alternateminimumsarenotautho-
rizedduetounmonitoredfacilityorabsence
ofweatherreportingservice.CivilpilotsseeFAR91.
Take-Off Minimums and (Obstacle) Departure Pro-
cedures
Whena appearsintheNotessection,itsig -
nies the airport has nonstandard IFR takeoff mini-
mumsand/orDepartureProcedurespublishedinSec-
tionCoftheTPP.
CIVILUSERSNOTE:FAR91prescribesstan-
dardtake-offrulesandestablishestake-offminimums
forcertainoperatorsasfollows:(1)Aircrafthavingtwo
enginesorless-onestatutemile.(2)Aircrafthaving
morethantwoengines-one-halfstatutemile.These
standardminimaapplyintheabsenceofanydifferent
minimalistedinSectionCoftheTPP.
ALLUSERS:AirportsthathaveDeparturePro-
cedures(DPs)designedspecicallytoassistpilotsin
avoiding obstacles during the climb to the minimumenroute altitude, and/or airports that have civil IFR
take-offminimumsother than standard, are listed in
SectionCoftheTPPbycity.Take-offMinimumsand
DepartureProceduresapplytoallrunwaysunlessoth -
erwisespecied.Altitudes,unlessotherwiseindicated,
areminimumaltitudesinMSL.
DPs specically designed for obstacle avoid-
ancemaybedescribedinSectionCoftheTPPintext
orpublishedasagraphicprocedure.Itsnamewillbe
listed,anditcanbefoundineithertheTPPs(civil)or
aseparateDepartureProcedurevolume(military),as
appropriate.UserswillrecognizegraphicobstacleDPs
bytheword(OBSTACLE)includedintheprocedure
title;e.g.,TETONTWO(OBSTACLE).Ifnotassigned
another DP or radar vector byATC, this procedure
shouldbeownifvisualavoidanceofterrain/obstacles
cannotbemaintained.
GraphicDPsdesignedbyATCtostandardize
trafcows, ensureaircraft separationandenhance
capacityarereferredtoasStandardInstrumentDe-
partures(SIDs).SIDsalsoprovideobstacleclearance
andarepublishedunder theappropriateairportsec-
tion.ATCclearancemustbereceivedpriortoyinga
SID.
NOTE:GraphicDepartureProceduresthathavebeen
designedprimarilytoassistAirTrafcControlinprovid-
ingairtrafcseparation(aswellasprovidingobstacle
clearance)areusuallyassignedbyname inanATC
clearanceandarenotlistedbynameinSectionCof
theTPP.
RNAV Departure Procedures (DP) and StandardTerminal Arrival Routes (STAR)
RNAVDPsandSTARsarebeingdevelopedto
supportamoreefcienttrafcowandfurtherNationa
AirspaceSystem (NAS) capacity. These procedures
willbeownonlybythoseaircraftwithonboarddata -
bases.Theseprocedureswillextendoveralargergeo
graphicareatoallowATCspacingandsequencingto
occurenroute.Inordertoreducethenumberofpages
requiredtodepicttheselongerprocedures,changesto
thegraphicdepictionsandtextualdataarenecessary.
NAVAIDboxeswillberemovedandidentied
withonlythename,thethree-letteridentandtheap-
plicablesymbol.Waypointswillbeidentiedwithway-
pointsymbolandvelettername.Waypointsthatover-
layNAVAIDswillbedepictedonlyasNAVAIDs,notasa
waypoint.Asinglegraphicwillbeusedwhenpossible;
however,ifnotfeasible,thecommonportionofthepro-
cedurewillbeshownonasinglepagewithtransitions
containedonsubsequentpages.Subsequentpages
willbe subtitledwiththe transitionarea, i.e.,CHEZZ
ONEDEPARTURENortheastTransitions,orJHAWK
TWOARRIVAL SouthTransitions.Text remarks tha
applytotheentireprocedure,oralltransitions,willbechartedonthepagethatcontainsthecommonpoin
and commonportionof the procedure.Textremarks
thatapplytoaspecictransitionwillbechartedonthe
page that contains that transition.Transition text wil
notincludeadescriptionoftheroutebutwillinstead
stateexpectationsforaltitudes,clearances,FLrestric-
tions,aircraftconstraints,specicairportarrivaluse
etc.
TherearetwotypesofRNAVSIDsandgraphic
ObstacleDPs(ODPs):TypeAandTypeB.TypeA
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generallystartswithaheadingorvectorfromthede-
parturerunwayendandTypeBgenerallystartswithan
initialRNAVlegnearthedeparturerunwayend.Type
A procedures require theaircraftstrackkeepingac-
curacyremainboundedby2NMfor95%ofthetotal
ighttime(TypeBboundedby1NM).SeetheAIM
formorespecicinformation.
RNAV Procedures Legs (IAPs, SIDs/DPs and
STARs)
Duetothevariationsinthedevelopment,doc-
umentation, charting and database coding of RNAV
Procedures(IAPs,STARsSIDs/DPs),it hasbecome
necessarytochartRNAVlegswithspecicinformation
basedontheirtype.Thisdatadepictionwillprovidepi-
lotswithaclearerindicationofthetypeoflegtheair-
craftwillbeyingandtheensuingightprole.
Heading-nowaypointsshown,hdgcharted
afterdegrees(i.e.,330hdg),nomileageshown.
Direct - waypoint at termination of leg, nocourseshown,nomileageshown.
Course-waypointatterminationofleg,course
shown,mileageshownonlyifrstlegupondeparture.
Track-waypointsatbeginningandtermina-
tionofleg,courseshown,mileageshown.
Radius-waypointsshownatbeginningand
terminationofleg,nocourseshown,mileageshown.
Legmileageswillbelisteddifferentlybasedon
certaincriteria.MileagesonCourseandTracklegswill
beshowntothenearestone-tenthofaNMwhenall
threeofthefollowingconditionsaremet:
Legterminationis30NMorlesstotheAirport
ReferencePoint(ARP)(forSTARs,legoriginationmust
be30NMorlessfromtheARPfortheprimaryairport)
and,
legsegmentislessthan30NMand,
legsegmentisnotpartoftheEnroutestruc-
ture.
In all other instances, leg mileages will be
roundedofftothenearestwholeNM,astheyarecur-
rently.
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{Pilot BriefingInformation
Terminal Arrival
Areas (TAAs)
MissedApproach
Icons
RNAV Minima
{
Instrument Approach Chart Format
OT FOR N V ATI
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