i6002: amorphous pha for pvc modi˜cation technical … · technical bulletin. ... (dry blend,...

i6002: Amorphous PHA for PVC Modi�cationTechnical Bulletin

i6002

i6002 Properties & Processing Guide

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONi6002 is an e�ective multifunctional, 100% biobased, amorphous PHA (a-PHA) polymeric modi�er for �exible and semi-rigid PVC compounds. It improves elongation, tear resistance, tensile strength and toughness, surface �nish, permanence, fungal resistance and plasticization, while retaining clarity and UV stability.

i6002 also promotes shear melting, aids faster fusion, and improves melt elasticity, resulting in processing advantages over traditional widely accepted acrylic, CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) and other core-shell

impact modifiers.This multifunctional modifier allows the overall formulation to be simplified in a cost effective manner.As a multi-functional additive, i6002 facilitates both compounding (dry blend, Henschel, Farrel mixers) and thermoplastic processing (extrusion, injection molding). Being a miscible PVC modifier, i6002 also reduces migration of other less compatible low molecular weight liquid additives, including ESO and other lubricants. It enables formulation of flexible or semi-rigid PVC compounds with improved permanence, oil resistance, heat ageing resistance and UV stability.

Performance benefits include better fungal resistance compared to ESO or other plasticizers even in the absence of fungicide/ biocide additive in a formulation. In addition, i6002 offers improved resistance to oil extraction, as well as better retention of mechanical properties with ageing and heat exposure.

TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPhysical Form Pellet Size,

mmBulk Density,

g/ccSpeci�c Gravity,

g/ccHardness(Shore A)

Tg range, °C(DSC Method)

Ash Content,%

Pellets,o� white

80%under 2mm

1.2 0.45 40 -30 to -20 <1

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Secondary plasticizer High molecular weight process aid Torque reducing agent Fusion promoter Physical property modifier

Dispersion aid

PRODUCT FEATURESSuperior miscibilityReduces plasticizer migration/excellent Permanence UV resistantAnti-fungal/Anti-microbial agentTransparency retentionRenewable: > 97% bio-based

EXAMPLES1. The addition of 5 wt% of i6002 enables faster fusion and processing of PVC compounds with up to 95%

recycle content.

2.A 2.5 wt% addition of i6002 makes it possible to increase filler levels to 45 wt% from 20 wt%.

PLASTICIZATION AND PROCESSINGThe miscibility of i6002 with PVC as well as its lower softening point enhance its use as a polymeric plasticizer, thereby offering a substantial reduction in viscosity and torque during the extrusion process. It promotes shear melting and fast fusion through pronounced polymer chain entanglement. In the presence of i6002, a PVC compound can be processed at lower temperatures with improved thermal stability in the extruder.

As shown below, even at 5 wt%, i6002 imparts a significant reduction in melt viscosity of up to20% compared to a control compound without a-PHA. It has also been shown that compounds with 5 wt% i6002 have equivalent, and often superior, melt strength to facilitate melt curtain stability and drawdown.

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i6002

Reduces Melt Viscosity

1000

1400

1800

2200

2600

ControlPVC Compound

5%i6002 in Control

Mel

t Vis

cosi

ty, 5

0 s

, P

as

i6002

Increases Melt Elasticity

120

124

128

132

136

ControlPVC Compound

5%i6002 in Control

Die

Sw

ell,

%

-1

PHYSICAL PROPERTY IMPROVEMENTSIN FLEXIBLE PVC

meric backbone, superior miscibility and low glass transition temperature.

The addition of 5 wt% of i6002 can reduce the stiffness of a PVC compound by more than 50% and increase the tensile strength of the compound by more than 60% as shown below. In combination with a higher

elongation to break, the tensile toughness of the i6002 modified compound was found to have more than 3 times the toughness of the control product.

i6002


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i6002

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

ControlPVC Compound

5%i6002 in Control

Tens

ile M

odul

us, (

MPa

)

i6002

Increases Toughness

0

1

234

5

6789

ControlPVC Compound

5%i6002 in Control

Ener

gy a

t Bre

ak, (

J)

i6002

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ControlPVC Compound

5% i6002 in Control

Tens

ile S

tres

s, (M

Pa)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Tensile Strain, %

Increases Tensile Strength

1.00

2.003.00

4.005.00

0.00

6.00

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DISPERSION AID FOR FILLER AND PIGMENT

PVC matrix.

dispersion and distribution within the PVC compound. The improvements in fusion and lubrication during the

matrix comes from a recycled source.

COMPATIBILIZER IN FILLED RECYCLED PVCi6002 has proven to be an excellent compatibilizer both with 100% recycled/reprocessed PVC and virgin PVC

in PVC compounds resulting in substantial improvement in toughness.

i6002 - Compatibilizer in Highly Filled Recycled PVC

CONTROL -Recycled PVC Compound

Toug

hnes

s, (J

) Impact Strength/Energy Absorbtion, (J)

i6002 @ 3 wt% inControl



Calc

ium

Car

bona

te, w

t%

Overall Filler,Wt%

454035302520151050

5

10

15

20

25

0

i6002


TOTM

Wei

ght L

oss,

%

DINP PHA - neat ECR - neat

80 phr 40 phr 40:40 PHA 40:40 ECR

a-PHA is at least 10 times better on permanence than DOP, DOTP, DINP and TOTM.

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PERMANENCE AND MIGRATIONThe a-PHA grade, i6002, has been proven to be a highly compatible and superior polymeric plasticizer that prevents exudation of lubricants and low molecular weight monomeric plasticizers to the surface of extruded or injection molded PVC components.

The graph below compares weight loss and permanence of PVC compounds containing monomeric plasticizers, an ECR (ethylene copolymer resin) and the a-PHA grade, i6002. The study was conducted over 14

days within a mineral oil environment. It demonstrates the oil resistance and permanence of i6002 in a flexible, semi-rigid PVC formulation.

Despite the addition of DINP at 40 phr to an a-PHA/PVC blend, the compound shows lower extraction tendency and higher migration resistance in comparison to both conventional ECR copolymers as well as TOTM and DINP based monomeric plasticizers.

14-day Mineral Oil Extraction

LIGHT STABILITY AND UV INHIBITION

Besides being a polymeric plasticizer, high molecular weight fusion promoter, property modifier, binder, compatibilizer and filler wetting and stress transfer agent, PHAs confer excellent UV resistance to PVC compounds and extruded vinyl profiles.

The unique light stability and UV inhibition characteristics were demonstrated through a 120 day Xenon Weatherometer test (ASTM G-155) at 250 kJ, 750 and 1250 kJ against widely accepted traditional products, ASA and ABS based vinyl formulations.

As shown below, a formulation containing 15 phr of PHA, showed minimal signs of discoloration upon UV weathering, resulting in very low dE* values compared to more conventional PVC formulations.

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DE*Db*

PVC +18 phr DINA +15 phr ABS

-1.03

-1.12

7.76

7.90

8.099.02

-2.04

-4.20

DL* Da*

750 kJ

1250 kJ

DE*Db*

PVC +18 phr DINA +15 phr ASA

-2.07

-2.39

-2.94

-2.58

3.60

3.54

0.08

0.42

DL* Da*

250 kJ

750 kJ

PVC=100 phr, PHA=15 phr, ESO=4.5 phr, BaZn stab.=4phr, DINA=18phr

PHA 250 kJ 750 kJ 1250 kJ

-0.97 6.78 6.94-1.11250 kJ

DE*Db*

PVC +18 phr DINA +15 phr PHA

-0.01

0.01

-1.37

-1.92

1.542.09

-0.70

0.82

DL* Da*

750 kJ

1250 kJ

-0.30 0.62 0.86-0.51250 kJ

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FUNGAL AND ANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANCEPHA-based PVC compounds exhibit excellent fungal resistance. This allows a PVC formulator to reduce the

amount of biocide/fungicide required in a formulation. It was found that the fungal resistance improved in the presence of PHA as compared to both the soybean and phthalate based control compounds.

PVC+15phr PHA:3 out of 3 samples no growth.

Fungal resistance!

Viability control PVC control:1 out of 3 samples trace of growth

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Melt Mixingi6002 can be charged into Farrell Mixers and twin screw compounding equipment through an auger feeder. The melt should be processed in a temperature range 280-335 °F.

After compounding, the blend can be processed on a single or twin screw extruder to manufacture a

COMPOUNDING GUIDELINES

Dry Blendingi6002 is supplied in the form of soft granules, which can be added at the dry blending or extrusion stage

with-out special handling.

A typical mixing procedure to produce PVC/a-PHA dry blends in a high speed, high intensity mixers is given below:

1. PVC resin and stabilizers are added to the mixer. i6002 can be added once the temperature in the dry blend reaches 145 °F. If a primary plasticizer is required, it should be added when the stock temperature reaches 165 °F.

2. Mixer speed is reduced and liquid plasticizer is added. Speed is increased and mixing continues until all the plasticizer is absorbed and a “dry point” is reached. Fillers (if any) can be added at this stage as well. A typical dump temperature is 230 °F.

3. The dry blend is discharged into a cooling chamber and cooled to below 100 °F.

4. Minor modifications of these mixing procedures are possible within equipment and productivity constraints.

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Combining bioscience and engineeringto bring innovative biopolymer solutionsto the world.

Metabolix, Inc. – Lowell location650 Su�olk St. - Lowell, MA 01854 USATel: +1.978.513.1800 - fax +1.978.513.1886www.metabolix.com

The information and data in this document is provided as general information for i6002 and does not represent product

speci�cations

NOTICE: The information provided on this document is correct to best of our knowledge, information, and belief at the

date of its publication. Customer assumes all risk with respect to its use and handling of this resin and its marketing,

sale, and use of products made with Metabolix polymers. Metabolix liability for breach of warranty, negligence, or other

claims is limited to the purchase price of materials purchased. Metabolix will not be responsible for any indirect, conse-

quential, special, or incidental damages. The information contained herein is believed to be reliable, but Metabolix

makes NO REPRESENTATIONS, GUARANTEES, OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

i6002: amorphous pha for pvc modi˜cation technical … · technical bulletin. ... (dry blend,...

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