i6 - final kawa i&m plan revjun015.pdf

Appendix I6: Implementation and Monitoring Plan for Kawa

Stream, 2015

IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING PLAN FOR KAWA STREAM WASTELOAD ALLOCATION

FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU

MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM NPDES PERMIT NO. HI S000002

June 2015

Prepared by City and County of Honolulu

Department of Environmental Services Kapolei, Hawaii

I&M Plan for Kawa Stream WLA

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Transmittal Letter


ii June 2015


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Table of Contents

Transmittal Letter .................................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... iv

List of Appendices ................................................................................................................................ iv Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... v

Executive Summary............................................................................................................................. vii 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Kawa Stream Watershed .......................................................................................................... 3

3.0 TMDLs and WLAs for Kawa Stream Watershed ................................................................... 7 3.1 Adjustment for Margin of Safety .................................................................................... 7 3.2 CCH Annual WLA, Existing Loads, and Reduction Goals .............................................. 7 3.3 Quantification of TSS Load Reduction ........................................................................... 8 3.4 DOH Priority Action ...................................................................................................... 8

4.0 Proposed Best Management Practice Implementation and Monitoring Plan ......................... 9 4.1 Community Involvement and Outreach/Education .......................................................... 9

4.1.1 DOH Recommendation for Public Education and Outreach ................................ 9 4.1.2 Downspout Disconnection ................................................................................. 10 4.1.3 Community Involvement / Volunteer Cleanups .................................................. 11

4.2 Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping .............................................................. 12 4.2.1 Street Sweeping................................................................................................. 12 4.2.2 Maintenance of Storm Drainage System ............................................................ 16

4.3 Water Quality Improvement Projects ............................................................................ 16 4.3.1 Kawa Stream Bank Improvements ..................................................................... 16

4.4 DOH-IMP Recommendations ....................................................................................... 17 4.4.1 Tools for reducing nutrients and sediments in watershed runoff......................... 17 4.4.2 Tools for establishing vegetated buffers adjacent to stream ............................... 18 4.4.3 Tools for stabilizing the stream channel and improving the stream’s ability to move water, filter pollutants, and support aquatic life ................................................... 18

4.5 Permanent BMP ........................................................................................................... 18 4.6 Summary of BMP Activities ......................................................................................... 18 4.7 Summary of Activities to be Tracked ............................................................................ 19

5.0 Compliance Schedule .............................................................................................................. 21

6.0 References ............................................................................................................................... 23


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List of Tables

Table ES-1: Annual CCH WLA and Load Reduction Summary ............................................................. vii

Table ES-2: Summary of BMP Activities and Quantitative Reductions ................................................. viii

Table 1: Land Use within the Kawa Sub-basins1 ...................................................................................... 4

Table 2: Annual ENV (MS4) WLA and Load Reduction Summary .......................................................... 7

Table 3: Annual DPR (Small MS4) WLA and Load Reduction Summary ................................................ 8

Table 4: Downspout Disconnection Anticipated Load Reduction ........................................................... 11

Table 5: Summary of Street Sweeping Baseline Data Collection ............................................................ 12

Table 6: Summary of Street Sweeping Load Reduction Computations ................................................... 15

Table 7: Summary of BMP Activities and Quantitative Reductions ........................................................ 19

Table 8: Schedule of Compliance .......................................................................................................... 21

List of Figures

Figure 1: Kawa Stream Watershed ........................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: Kawa Stream Sub-basins .......................................................................................................... 4

Figure 3: Land Use within Kawa Stream Watershed ................................................................................ 5

Figure 4: Typical Example of Connected Downspout............................................................................. 10

Figure 5: Typical Example of Disconnected Downspout Draining to Impervious Surfaces ..................... 10

Figure 6: Kawa Stream Bank Improvements Planning Study Project Limits ........................................... 17

List of Appendices

Appendix A – Downspout Disconnection Field Survey


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Acronyms

BMP Best Management Practice

City/CCH City and County of Honolulu

CY Calendar Year

DDC City and County of Honolulu, Department of Design and Construction

DFM City and County of Honolulu, Department of Facility Maintenance

DOH State of Hawaii, Department of Health

DOH-CWB State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Clean Water Branch

DOH-EPO State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Environmental Planning Office

DOH-IMP State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Implementation Plan

DPR City and County of Honolulu, Department of Parks and Recreation

ENV City and County of Honolulu, Department of Environmental Services

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

FY Fiscal Year

GH Good Housekeeping

I&M Plan Implementation and Monitoring Plan

MOS Margin of Safety

MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System

NCDC National Climatic Data Center

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

OM Organic Matter

Permit NPDES Permit No. HI S000002

PM Particulate Matter

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load

TN Total Nitrogen

TP Total Phosphorus

TSS Total Suspended Solids

WLA Wasteload Allocation


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Executive Summary

This implementation and monitoring plan was developed to comply with the terms of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit No. HI S000002 (Permit) for the City’s municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4).

In 2002, the State of Hawaii, Department of Health (DOH) developed and established Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for Kawa Stream. In 2005, the DOH further defined Wasteload Allocations (WLAs) for the City and County of Honolulu (City or CCH) Department of Environmental Services large MS4 and CCH Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) small MS4. Since the development of the TMDLs, the City’s Kaneohe Community and Senior Center, which is included in the DPR small MS4, has been consolidated into the City’s large MS4 permit.

Based on discussions with DOH representatives, it was determined that the City’s load reduction goals should be based on the annual storm runoff criteria, as defined by the TMDL report. In addition, the City applied reasonable adjustments to the margin of safety (MOS) assumptions and derived the following annual load reduction goals for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP):

Table ES-1: Annual CCH WLA and Load Reduction Summary

Unit TSS TN TP DPR (Small MS4) Reduction Required kg/yr 0 1 0 ENV (Large MS4) Reduction Required kg/yr 6,311 350 62 Total Reduction Required kg/yr 6,311 351 62 Total Reduction Required lbs/yr 13,913 774 137

Based on this analysis, the City will implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) targeted at removing 13,913 lbs of TSS, 774 lbs of TN, and 137 lbs of TP each year in the watershed. The City intends to track maintenance activities based on the entire watershed to maximize the benefit to the receiving waters rather than track each individual entity since (1) the discharges of the two systems are integrated and cannot be separated, and (2) the ultimate goal is to improve the overall health of the receiving waterbody which is Kaneohe Stream for all sub-basins and all land uses.

The City will implement a variety of BMPs to reduce pollutant loads in the watershed. These activities include:

Public education and outreach campaign to build awareness about sources of pollution, alternative products, safe disposal of wastes, and stream function and history (per the DOH implementation plan, 2002);

Public outreach efforts targeted to specific homeowners who could make improvements around their homes such as disconnecting roof drains;

Refining street sweeping routes and tracking/sampling procedures; and Inspection and cleaning of drainage structures and conveyances as necessary.

The combination of these efforts is expected to remove TSS and nutrients from the waste stream and ultimately achieve the targeted WLA. It is anticipated that a combination of public outreach and street sweeping five or six times throughout the year will collect sediment and organic matter in sufficient quantity to meet the City’s reduction goals. If additional activities (ex. additional street sweeping cycles, drain cleaning, and/or permanent BMPs, etc.) are required to meet the target reductions, the City will


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implement them in increments as described in Section 5.0. The following table provides a summary of the estimated pollutant load reductions for each of the City’s BMPs.

Table ES-2: Summary of BMP Activities and Quantitative Reductions

TSS (lb/year)

TN (lb/year)

TP (lb/year)

Downspout Disconnect * * * Volunteer Cleanup Events * * * Street Sweeping 24,000 75 71 Public Education and Outreach Campaign 0 919 73 Storm Drain Maintenance ** ** **

TOTAL 24,000 994 144 TOTAL REDUCTIONS REQUIRED 13,913 774 137

* The City will conduct a public education and outreach program to all homeowners within the watershed; however, due to difficulty in quantifying pollutant load reductions due to behavior changes, no homeowner contribution is assumed for accounting purposes at this time.

** Cleaning of storm drains and drainage structures will be implemented only if collections from other activities are less than anticipated and the City needs additional reductions to meet the load reduction goals for a particular season. Storm drain cleaning may also be done in lieu of additional street sweeping activities based on scheduling and equipment availability.

The final compliance deadline is December 31, 2018.


1 June 2015

1.0 Introduction

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit No. HI S000002 (Permit) issued by the State of Hawaii, Department of Health (DOH) to the City and County of Honolulu (City for CCH) for their municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) became effective February 16, 2015. It stipulates that the City develop an updated Wasteload Allocation (WLA) implementation and monitoring plan (I&M Plan) for Kawa Stream by the end of Fiscal Year 2015 (FY15). For the purpose of complying with the foregoing requirement, the City is submitting this I&M Plan for Kawa Stream.

The DOH developed and established Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for the Kawa Stream in its technical report Allocation of Total Maximum Daily Loads for Total Suspended Solids, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus for Kawa Stream, Kaneohe, Hawaii (DOH, June 2005). This I&M Plan will address specific City activities targeted at reducing Total Suspended Solids, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus discharges in the Kawa Stream watershed as necessary to comply with the TMDLs and the City’s WLA. The monitoring plan specifies activity tracking necessary to demonstrate efforts by the City to comply with the urban source WLAs.


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2.0 Kawa Stream Watershed

Kawa Stream is a perennial stream located in Kaneohe on the windward side of Oahu. The watershed is approximately 1.5 square miles (1,000 acres) and consists of both urbanized and forested areas. The watershed is bordered by Kaneohe Stream TMDL watershed (along Kamehameha Highway) to the west, Kapaa Stream TMDL watershed to the east, and discharges to Kaneohe Bay to the north (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Kawa Stream Watershed

Kawa Stream is about 2.5 miles in length and flows year-round into Kaneohe Bay. Following an inspection in 1996, the stream was determined to have high levels of nutrients, turbidity, and suspended solids, resulting in its addition to the 1998 Clean Water Act §303(d) list of impaired waters.

For the purposes of TMDL and WLA development, the DOH delineated the watershed into nine sub-basins based on stream and watershed morphology (see Figure 2).

Primary land uses in the Kawa Stream watershed include forested areas, Hawaii State Veterans Cemetery, a park, Bay View Golf Course (private), schools, light industrial/commercial areas, and residential neighborhoods (See Figure 3).


4 June 2015

Figure 2: Kawa Stream Sub-basins

Under the consolidation of the City’s large MS4 permit and the DPR’s small MS4 permit, the City ENV currently regulates approximately 408 acres (41%) of the total 1,000-acre watershed. The area consists of residences, commercial areas, parks, CCH streets, and the Kaneohe Community and Senior Center. The single largest land use is forested areas (~34%) as summarized in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Land Use within the Kawa Sub-basins1

Sub-basin Forest (ac)

Cemetery (ac)

Golf (ac)

School (ac)

City and County of Honolulu (ac) DOT Hwys (ac)

Total (ac) Park Res. Comm. St w/

curb St w/o curb

1 84 66 - - - - - - 0 - 150 2 12 38 - - - 0 - 0 - 2 53 3 20 13 - 19 - 82 - 5 5 3 145 4 135 - - - - 79 - 6 - - 220 5 - - - 16 - 43 18 - 3 3 83 6 - - - 3 - 22 - 2 - - 26 7 16 - 1 21 6 56 1 2 1 3 109 8 - - 12 - 2 47 - - 2 3 66 9 74 - 45 - - 26 - 1 - 2 148

Total (ac)2 342 117 58 59 408 16 1000 Total (%)2 34% 12% 6% 6% 41% 2% 100% 1Modified from DOH TMDL Report, Table 3.1 (June 2005) 2Values have been rounded to the nearest acre or percent, thus totals may differ from the sum of their parts


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Figure 3: Land Use within Kawa Stream Watershed


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7 June 2015

3.0 TMDLs and WLAs for Kawa Stream Watershed

TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards and is an allocation of that load among the various sources of that pollutant. In 2002, the DOH published and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved TMDLs for Kawa Stream for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP). In 2005, the DOH further allocated the approved TMDLs between point source discharges and nonpoint source runoff. Wasteload allocations (WLAs) were defined for wet and dry season baseflow and annual storm runoff conditions. The TMDL report further established baseflow and annual existing loading rates for point source discharges including the City’s Department of Environmental Services (ENV) large MS4 and the Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) small MS4 which includes Kaneohe Community and Senior Center. The following sections summarize the DOH TMDL calculations and describe the modifications made to those calculations to determine the City’s reduction goals.

3.1 Adjustment for Margin of Safety

The City conducted an independent review of the DOH TMDL calculations and noted that an excessive Margin of Safety (MOS) was incorporated into the calculations. MOS is an integral part of TMDL development and accounts for uncertainty regarding pollutant loads and waterbody response. Typically, this is incorporated either explicitly (i.e., leaving a portion of the assimilative capacity unallocated) or implicitly (by use of conservative analytical assumptions); however in this case, both were applied. Specifically, an explicit MOS of 10% in determining the loading capacity for TP, TN, and TSS was applied in addition to an implicit MOS derived from the TMDL storm runoff cumulative probability curves (80th percentile versus 70th percentile)(DOH, 2002). Calculations performed on the DOH’s comparison of the 70th percentile and 80th percentile cumulative probability curves for TN resulted in a 19% implicit MOS in addition to the 10% explicit MOS. Based on a review of other State’s TMDLs and examples from EPA, a typical MOS range is generally 5-10% (Crumpacker, 2009 and water.epa.gov). For this reason, the City subtracted the 10% explicit MOS from the reduction goals to determine a more reasonable reduction goal. The implicit MOS (reportedly as high as 19%) is considerably higher than the industry standard of 5-10%, and therefore still represents a conservative assumption. In fact, the City’s entire TSS load reduction goal (13,913 lbs/yr) is due to the implicit MOS.

3.2 CCH Annual WLA, Existing Loads, and Reduction Goals

Based on discussions with DOH representatives, it was determined that the City’s load reduction goals should be based on the annual storm runoff criteria, as defined by the DOH TMDL report. This is based on the premise that the majority of the existing pollutant load is contributed during storm runoff events (88% of TSS, 49% of TN, and 85% of TP) (Oceanit, Inc. et al., 2002). The following tables summarize the City’s annual WLAs, existing loads for the storm runoff condition, and reduction goals (from Tables 10.1 and 11.1, DOH, 2005, with modifications noted above).

Table 2: Annual ENV (MS4) WLA and Load Reduction Summary

Unit TSS TN TP ENV (Large MS4) WLA kg/yr 13,202 185 66 ENV (Large MS4) Existing Load kg/yr 19,513 535 128 ENV (Large MS4) Reduction Required kg/yr 6,311 350 62 ENV (Large MS4) Reduction Required lbs/yr 13,913 772 137


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Table 3: Annual DPR (Small MS4) WLA and Load Reduction Summary

Unit TSS TN TP DPR (Small MS4) WLA kg/yr 50 1 0.2 DPR (Small MS4) Existing Load kg/yr 40 2 0 DPR (Small MS4) Reduction Required kg/yr 0 1 0 DPR (Small MS4) Reduction Required lbs/yr 0 2.2 0

Since the development of the TMDLs and WLAs, the City’s DPR (Small MS4) has been consolidated into the ENV (Large MS4). In addition, the two systems are integrated and the discharge cannot be separated. Therefore, for TMDL compliance purposes, CCH’s large and small MS4 allocations will be combined and treated as a single entity.

Based on the above computations, the City’s implementation plan will target reductions in TSS by 13,913 lbs/yr, TN by 774 lbs/yr, and TP by 137 lbs/yr.

It should be noted that the City is preparing to appeal to the State Department of Health to revise the TMDL/WLA calculations to resolve inappropriate assumptions made in the DOH TMDL calculations as described in this section.

3.3 Quantification of TSS Load Reduction

For the purposes of the City’s TMDL compliance, TSS is defined as silt, clay, and sand sized particles of 106 microns and smaller. This assumption is based on a 2006 study by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) which indicated that TSS concentrations analyzed by the EPA Method and the Standard Method were well correlated with the true concentration for very fine, fine, and medium –sized particles which were identified as those between 0 and 106 microns (2006). This approach is considered conservative compared to other published guidelines which estimate TSS reduction credits to include particle sizes up to 250 microns (CSN, 2011).

3.4 DOH Priority Action

The DOH-IMP for Kawa Stream (2002) further stated that Kawa Stream functions primarily as a storm drain and not as a Hawaiian stream ecosystem, and therefore will be re-evaluated for possible reclassification as a ditch. Such reclassification would relieve it from compliance with the specific water quality criteria for streams established in Hawaii Administrative Rules §11-54-05.2. In this study, DOH would also consider removing designated uses for shipping, navigation, aquatic life, and recreation in all or parts of Kawa Stream. This has been identified as a priority action by DOH. As of the writing of this report, DOH-CWB has not yet initiated this study.


9 June 2015

4.0 Proposed Best Management Practice Implementation and Monitoring Plan

The City will implement various Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce pollutants, particularly TSS, TN and TP, from entering the stream. The aggregate effect of these individual activities is expected to reduce the pollutants in the City’s stormwater discharge to below the target WLA. This TMDL Implementation Plan identifies specific activities with the goal of reducing pollutants, improving water quality, and increasing the stream’s ability to support aquatic habitat. While ultimately the attainment of the Kawa Stream TMDL lies with all stakeholders, namely the residents, major landowners, and land operators, the City proposes to implement the following BMPs to reduce point source loads from the City’s streets and facilities.

Public Education and Outreach Campaign Community Involvement Activities Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping

4.1 Community Involvement and Outreach/Education

Outreach efforts which educate the general public to effect changes in their behavior can result in significant reductions of pollutants that would otherwise enter the storm drain system and receiving waters. As stated in the DOH-IMP (2002), Kaneohe residents are the ultimate force for reducing pollutant loads and improving water quality in Kawa Stream and Kaneohe Bay. The report further stated that, “it is clear that our everyday behavior creates many water quality problems”, and it encourages each resident and user of the watershed to accept responsibility for its health and future by refining this everyday behavior.

4.1.1 DOH Recommendation for Public Education and Outreach

In October 2002, the DOH published the report, How to Reduce Pollutants Loads and Improve Water Quality in Kawa Stream (Kaneohe, Oahu), A Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation Plan for Watershed Health. In it, the DOH suggested a framework for community action to reduce pollutant loads to the stream and acknowledged that the process for full watershed restoration may take several lifetimes to complete. The report further stated that excess nitrogen loads appear to be the single largest problem for TMDL implementation throughout the watershed. The largest sources of nitrogen and sediment loads were identified as cemetery lands and residential areas, whereas the largest phosphorus loads appear to originate from forested lands and residential areas.

Per the DOH Implementation Plan (DOH-IMP) (DOH-EPO, 2002), residents are identified as key participants in reducing nutrients and sediments in watershed runoff. This is particularly critical since residential areas were identified as one of the largest contributors of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads. The DOH-IMP identified the following action plan for residential participation, “Provide education and outreach to build awareness about sources of pollution, alternative products, safe disposal of wastes, and stream function and history”. The CCH will commit to a program of public education and outreach that satisfies each of these criteria.

Oceanit (2002) estimated the pollutant load reduction resulting from the implementation of the public education and outreach program at 919 lbs of TN per year (417 kg/yr) and 73 lbs of TP per year (33 kg/yr) (Tables 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6).


10 June 2015

4.1.2 Downspout Disconnection

Building rooftops are impervious surfaces, similar to paved streets and parking lots that accumulate debris, chemicals, fine sediment, nutrients or other pollutants that could adversely affect water quality if the runoff is discharged untreated. Connected downspouts discharge rooftop runoff either directly to the storm drain system or to impervious surfaces. In both cases, there is little to no treatment of stormwater runoff before it reaches the stream system. Most of the nitrogen contained in stormwater is in the form of dissolved nitrate. Since the nitrogen is not in solid form, removal through plant uptake has been shown to be much more effective than filtration methods.

Downspout disconnection can help reduce runoff volume, rate, and accumulated rooftop pollutants introduced to local streams by allowing runoff water to pass through the initial plant uptake process as well as the secondary infiltration process rather than discharging directly to the storm drainage system. Disconnected downspouts typically drain to pervious areas such as yards and lawns, rain barrels, or rain gardens, all of which allow rooftop runoff to enter treatment prior to discharge.

A survey of nearly 1,700 residential properties to assess the potential for downspout disconnection was performed between July 16-31, 2013. Based on the results of the field survey, it was determined that 727 houses have the potential to implement downspout disconnection or redirection as there is a direct or indirect connection to the storm drainage system. These properties have been identified in Appendix A. In addition, these lots were identified to have at least 10 feet of pervious area available for infiltration down gradient of the disconnected downspout or sufficient room to accommodate a rain barrel installation.

Figure 4: Typical Example of Connected

Downspout Figure 5: Typical Example of

Disconnected Downspout Draining to Impervious Surfaces

The City will prepare an informational mailer to targeted homeowners educating them on the benefits of downspout disconnection. The mailer will specify the benefits of such activity and provide homeowners with resources for additional information.

Pollutant reductions for downspout disconnection are calculated based on the pollutant load received from the total rooftop drainage area (AIMP) suitable for disconnection and the anticipated removal efficiency of the selected BMP. The equation used to estimate TSS, TN, and TP load reductions for downspout disconnection is expressed as follows:


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Load Reduction [lb/yr] = LR * AIMP * P * PP * RE * C, where:

LR = Loading rate for urban land use (NY State Stormwater Management Design Manual) (19 mg/L for TSS; 1.5 mg/L for TN; 0.11 mg/L for TP)

AIMP = impervious rooftop drainage area recommended for disconnection (estimated from Google Earth images) (55.75 Acres)

P = Average annual precipitation totals based on PRISM dataset of 30-yr Normals for 1971-2000 (75 in/yr)

PP = Percent of Residents who Participate (%)

RE = Removal Efficiency for Specific BMP Type (open channel removal rate of 81% for TSS, 56% for TN, and 24% for TP per National Pollutant Removal Performance Database, Center of Watershed Protection [CWP], 2007)

C = Conversion Factor, 0.2266

Table 4 provides a summary of the estimated load reductions in TSS, TN, and TP from this activity based on varying participation rates.

Table 4: Downspout Disconnection Anticipated Load Reduction

Percent Participation # of Houses

Anticipated Load Reduction (lb/yr)

TSS TN TP

10% 73 1,454 79 2.5 20% 145 2,909 159 5.0 30% 218 4,363 238 7.5 40% 291 5,817 318 10.0 50% 364 7,271 397 12.5

While downspout disconnection is a meaningful and tangible homeowner contribution to reducing pollutants in the waste stream, this activity has not been included in the accounting of TSS, TN, or TP load reductions from the City’s MS4 due to uncertainty in the participation rate. If, however, it is determined, based on photographic evidence, that a significant number of homeowners have taken action, reduction contributions from this activity will be used to offset other activities such as street sweeping.

4.1.3 Community Involvement / Volunteer Cleanups

Since the effects of public participation in events such as Adopt-a-Stream, storm drain stenciling, trade shows, mauka to makai events, etc. on storm water discharges is often unreliable and difficult to quantify, the anticipated removal rates from these activities have not been included in the calculations to quantify TSS, TN, or TP load reductions. However, if a methodology is developed to quantify the community involvement / volunteer group contribution in removal of TSS, TN, and TP, it will be included at a later date.


12 June 2015

4.2 Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping

The City currently implements a host of pollution prevention and good housekeeping (GH) practices across the island. Collectively, these programs are a key element in the diversion of trash, sediment, and nutrients from entering the storm drain system and discharging to receiving waters. The City will implement the following plan to expand its maintenance operations in the Kawa Stream watershed for the upcoming 2016 fiscal year (FY16).

4.2.1 Street Sweeping

The Kaneohe Corporation Yard of the City Department of Facility Maintenance (DFM) currently maintains the City’s streets and facilities within the Kawa Stream Watershed. The current street sweeping schedule is irregular and conducted based on the availability of staff and operability of the equipment. The baseyard currently uses a vacuum street sweeper (Allianz Johnston VT560) for its street sweeping operations.

A street sweeping pilot study was initiated in September 2013 to determine baseline conditions. During the baseline study, the total volume of debris removed from the roadside area was estimated by spreading the collected material into a rectangle of uniform thickness and measuring the dimensions to calculate the volume. In addition, the percent composition of the debris collected (gravel + sand + sediment, green waste, and trash) was visually estimated (note: the fractionation of gravel + sand vs. sediment shown in Table 6 below was determined based on the laboratory particle size distribution analysis). The raw data summarizing the estimated removal quantity and debris composition are presented in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Summary of Street Sweeping Baseline Data Collection

Date Season Quantity Collected

(CY) 1

Debris Composition (%)2

Trash Gravel/Sand/ Sediment

Green Waste

9/26/13 Dry 3.75 0 80 20 11/20/13 Wet 7.13 0 85 15 3/31/14 Wet 1.67 0 30 70 3/31/14 Wet 2.50 1 60 39 5/21/14 Dry 4.22 0 50 50 7/24/14 Dry 3.11 0 99 1 9/8-9/14 Dry 2.70 0 30-85 15-70 12/10/14 Wet 0.85 0 50-65 35-50 1/26/15 Wet 1.11 0 40-70 30-60

1Quantity estimated by spreading out the material collected into a uniform thickness and measuring length x width x depth 2Debris composition percentages estimated based on visual assessment

Particulate matter (PM) consisting of road sediment/sand/gravel were randomly sampled from the material collected and taken to the University of Hawaii at Manoa Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center for particle size, nitrogen, and phosphorus analysis. The sediment portion of the material collected (< 106

m) was estimated to range between 20% and 90% of the total particulate fraction by weight (samples collected prior to April 2014 were analyzed using a smaller sieve size (< 53 m) which was considered overly conservative in estimating TSS load reductions; refer to Section 3.3). The nitrogen content of the samples varied from 0.012% to 0.79% of total weight with an average concentration of 0.0021 lb-N/lb-


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PM. The phosphorus content of the samples varied from 0.07% to 0.72% with an average concentration of 0.0017 lb-P/lb-PM, respectively.

Organic matter (OM) was also extracted from the material collected and taken to the University of Hawaii at Manoa Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center for nitrogen and phosphorus analysis. The nitrogen content of the samples varied from 0.26% to 2.23% of the total weight. The average nitrogen content of all OM collected was 0.0123 lb-N/lb-OM. The phosphorus content of the samples varied from 0.09% to 0.24% of the total weight. The average phosphorus content of all OM collected was 0.0013 lb-P/lb-OM.

EPA bulk density conversion factors were determined for “gravel” + “sand”, “soil” (for sediment), and “compost” (for green waste) (www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/smm/wastewise/pubs/conversions.pdf).

The TSS load reduction was estimated to include all particles of 106 microns and smaller (according to the particle size distribution analysis) per the following equation:

TSS Load Reduction [lb/sweep] = VTOTAL * FSEDIMENT * WSOIL, where:

VTOTAL = Total volume of material collected (CY)

FSEDIMENT = Estimated fraction of sediment by volume based on visual assessment and particle size analysis (%)

WSOIL = Bulk density conversion factor for sediment (2,392 lbs/CY)

TN and TP load reductions were estimated from the measured concentrations along with the bulk density conversion factors according to the following equations:

TN Load Reduction [lb/sweep] = (VTOTAL * FSEDIMENT * WSOIL * NPM ) + (VTOTAL * FGRAVEL * WGRAVEL * NPM ) + (VTOTAL * FOM * WCOMPOST * NOM ), where:



FGRAVEL = Estimated fraction of gravel/sand by volume based on visual assessment and particle size analysis (%)

FOM = Estimated fraction of organic material by volume based on visual assessment (%)


WGRAVEL = Average bulk density conversion factor for gravel and sand (2,600 lbs/CY)

WCOMPOST = Bulk density conversion factor for green waste (360 lbs/CY)

NPM = Nitrogen content of particulate matter (gravel, sand, and sediment) (lb-N/lb-PM)

NOM = Nitrogen content of organic material (lb-N/lb-OM)

TP Load Reduction [lb/sweep] = (VTOTAL * FSEDIMENT * WSOIL * PSEDIMENT ) + (VTOTAL * FGRAVEL * WGRAVEL * PSEDIMENT ) + (VTOTAL * FGREEN WASTE * WCOMPOST * PGREEN WASTE ), where:



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FGRAVEL = Estimated fraction of gravel/sand by volume based on visual assessment and particle size analysis (%)

FOM = Estimated fraction of organic material by volume based on visual assessment (%)


WGRAVEL = Average bulk density conversion factor for gravel and sand (2,600 lbs/CY)

WCOMPOST = Bulk density conversion factor for green waste (360 lbs/CY)

PPM = Phosphorus content of particulate matter (gravel, sand, and sediment) (lb-P/lb-PM)

POM = Phosphorus content of organic material (lb-P/lb-OM)

A summary of the computations is provided in Table 6.


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Table 6: Summary of Street Sweeping Load Reduction Computations

1Laboratory analysis for TSS defined as particles 53 microns and smaller (samples prior to April 2014); TSS fraction was estimated based on subsequent samples and laboratory analysis for particles sizes <106 microns 2Sediment is defined as particles 106 microns and smaller (post April 2014)

Date (Season)

Qty (CY)

Material Collected

Debris Composition

(%)

Bulk Density (lb/CY)

Concentration (lb/lb)

Qty Removed (lb/sweep)

TN TP TSS TN TP

9/26/13 (Dry) 3.75

Gravel+Sand 78.6 2,600 0.0002 0.0011 123 5.5 8.9 Sediment1 1.4 2,392 0.0002 0.0011

Green Waste 20 360 0.0144 0.0011

11/20/13 (Wet) 7.13

Gravel+Sand 81 2,600 0.0012 0.0013 676 19.8 20.9 Sediment1 4 2,392 0.0012 0.0013

Green Waste 15 360 0.0026 0.0014

3/31/14 (Wet) 1.67


Green Waste 70 360 0.0126 0.0021

3/31/14 (Wet) 2.50


Green Waste 39 360 0.0026 0.0015

5/21/14 (Dry) 4.22

Gravel+Sand 6.9 2,600 0.0036 0.0072 4,354 31.0 37.9 Sediment2 43.1 2,392 0.0036 0.0072

Green Waste 50 360 0.0166 0.0014

7/24/14 (Dry) 3.11

Gravel+Sand 10.2 2,600 0.0001 0.0016 6,609 0.9 11.9 Sediment2 88.8 2,392 0.0001 0.0016

Green Waste 1 360 0.0172 0.0013

9/8-9/14 (Dry) 2.70

Gravel+Sand 0.8-1.6 2,600 0.0004-0.0019

0.0010-0.0013

2,865 14.6 4.58 Sediment2 29.2-83.4 2,392 0.0004-0.0019

0.0010-0.0013

Green Waste 15-70 360 0.0096-0.0223

0.0010-0.0024

12/10/14 (Wet) 0.82

Gravel+Sand 2.8-10.7 2,600 0.0023-0.0064

0.0013-0.0016

1,166 5.53 2.08 Sediment2 39.3-62.2 2,392 0.0023-0.0064

0.0013-0.0016

Green Waste 35-50 360 0.0135-0.0148 0.0010

1/26/15 (Wet) 1.11

Gravel+Sand 0.6-1.5 2,600 0.0002-0.0020

0.0092-0.0099

1,512 3.93 1.24 Sediment2 39.4-68.5 2,392 0.0002-0.0020

0.0092-0.0099

Green Waste 30-60 360 0.0007 0.0009-0.0010


16 June 2015

The street sweeping pilot study will continue through the end of calendar year 2016 (CY16). Throughout this period, the total volume of material collected and the estimated debris composition will be tracked for each street sweeping cycle. In addition, laboratory analysis for TSS (particle size distribution) and the nutrient content of the particulate fraction and organic fraction of the material collected from street sweeping will be conducted.

Based on the data collected thus far, it is estimated that each street sweeping cycle is anticipated to reduce TSS loadings by 4,000-5,000 lbs, TN loadings by 12-13 lbs, and TP loadings by 11-12 lbs. On average, 1,300 lbs of TSS, 3.7 lbs of TN, and 3.5 lbs of TP are removed per cubic yard of street sweeping debris collected.

It is anticipated that this activity will need to occur approximately five to six times throughout the year to meet the City’s TSS, TN, and TP reduction goals. In the event the street sweeping equipment is out of commission for an extended period of time, the baseyard has alternate plans in place to borrow equipment from another baseyard to ensure the removal rate from this activity is sufficient to meet the City’s annual WLA.

The annual removal quantity will be measured based on the City’s fiscal year which begins on July 1st of each year. Data collected from each street sweeping cycle will be tallied and the running total will be measured against annual metrics to determine if collections are on target to meet the TSS, TN, and TP reduction goals for the year. If, at any time, the actual collections fall short of the estimates and it appears that routine street sweeping operations scheduled for the remainder of the fiscal year are not sufficient to meet the reduction goals, additional activities including drain cleaning will be conducted.

4.2.2 Maintenance of Storm Drainage System

Within the Kawa Stream watershed, the City currently maintains approximately 260 inlets (catch basins and grated inlets), 120 manholes, and nearly 45,000 linear feet of ditches, drainage pipes, and box culverts. The City routinely inspects its drainage facilities once every five years (once per permit term) and cleans all structures that are at least 50% full. Cleaning is performed more frequently if complaints are received. The City will continue this routine maintenance through the end of the permit term (2020).

It is not anticipated that annual or more frequent drain cleaning will be required to meet the City’s TSS, TN, or TP reduction goals. However, if it is determined that additional reductions are required, the City will implement drain cleaning on an as needed basis to supplement the regularly scheduled good housekeeping activities. The methodology to estimate pollutant removals will be similar to that presented for street sweeping. Consequently, similar data will be tracked, including total volume of material collected and debris composition.

The City also owns over 30 outfalls within the watershed boundary. Most outfalls discharge to hardened channels with little or no potential for erosion prevention improvement. Therefore, outfall improvements were not evaluated for this I&M Plan, but may be considered for future projects.

4.3 Water Quality Improvement Projects

4.3.1 Kawa Stream Bank Improvements

The Department of Design and Construction recently completed an erosion protection planning study for Kawa Stream and its tributary, Kawa Ditch. The primary emphasis of the study was to develop a stream rehabilitation plan to identify and categorize erosion problems and then determine a proper rehabilitation practice. The project limits along Kawa Stream extends from Kaneohe Bay Drive upstream approximately 4,000 linear feet to the end of the concrete lined ditch near the Koa Kahiko Street dead end


17 June 2015

(see Figure 6). Kawa Ditch begins at the point of confluence near the Kanela Street dead end and extends approximately 1,000 linear feet upstream to the culvert crossing at Mokulele Drive (see Figure 6).

Figure 6: Kawa Stream Bank Improvements Planning Study Project Limits

With the completion of the planning study in early 2014, the initial design phase is currently underway. It is anticipated that the complete stream rehabilitation improvement plan will incorporate a combination of restoration of hardened structures, re-vegetation of unlined stream banks, and installation of retaining walls. However, at the time of this writing, details on the specific improvements to be implemented were not available, and therefore, an erosion mitigation quantity could not be estimated.

4.4 DOH-IMP Recommendations

The DOH-IMP (2002) specified five major strategies to reducing pollutant loads and improving water quality in the Kawa Stream watershed. The report further identified the City’s expected role in four of the strategies as follows:

Reducing nutrients and sediments in watershed runoff (as an urban drainage system operator) Establishing vegetated buffers adjacent to the stream (as a riparian landowner) Improving the stream’s ability to move water, filter pollutants, and support aquatic life (as a

channel owner and operator), and Stabilizing the stream channel in ways that maintain its ability to filter pollutants and support

aquatic life (as a channel owner and operator).

4.4.1 Tools for reducing nutrients and sediments in watershed runoff

Specific actions that the City has taken to address this issue include:

Prohibiting herbicide use on vegetated stream banks and buffers; Committing to a public education and outreach program that builds awareness about sources

of pollution, alternative products, safe disposal of wastes, and stream function and history;


18 June 2015

Implementing routine street sweeping; Placing more trash cans in public places; Regular inspections and cleaning of catch basins; Implementing new LID requirements for new developments; and Conducting the Kawa Stream Bank Improvements Planning Study.

4.4.2 Tools for establishing vegetated buffers adjacent to stream

The DDC Kawa Stream Bank Improvements Planning Study was completed in early 2014. The first phase of design is currently underway and may include the following elements, as deemed appropriate:

Restoration of riparian vegetation to stabilize the stream banks; and Prohibiting the use of herbicides along the stream banks and in the stream.

4.4.3 Tools for stabilizing the stream channel and improving the stream’s ability to move water, filter pollutants, and support aquatic life

The City DFM currently maintains the portion of Kawa Stream and bank area between Kaneohe Bay Drive and Mokulele Drive as follows:

Clearing alien grasses from channel; Removing water-consuming alien vegetation; Planting trees along banks to provide partial shade; Removing built-up sediments within the stream channel; Conducting educational stream clean-ups; Establishing a “citizen’s watch” to prevent illegal dumping; and Constructing low flow channels in sections with concrete beds.

The specific activities noted above are part of the City’s standard practices and procedures but have not been included in the calculations to quantify TSS, TN, or TP load reductions. As more information becomes available on each of the specific activities, the City may determine a methodology to account for pollutant load reduction associated with these practices going forward.

4.5 Permanent BMP

It is not anticipated that permanent BMPs will be required to meet the TSS or nutrient load reductions; however, if it becomes necessary to further reduce pollutant loads, the City will identify potential permanent BMP options which may include installing catch basin inserts in several strategic locations. The decision to implement permanent BMPs will be made after the results of FY17 debris collection data is compiled and analyzed. If it is required, a revised I&M Plan will be submitted to the DOH by the end of FY18. Additional details on the implementation timeline are provided in Section 5.0.

4.6 Summary of BMP Activities

The following table summarizes the estimated effectiveness of the various BMP activities to be implemented by the City.


19 June 2015

Table 7: Summary of BMP Activities and Quantitative Reductions

TSS (lb/year)

TN (lb/year)

TP (lb/year)

Downspout Disconnect * * * Volunteer Cleanup Events * * * Street Sweeping 24,000 75 71 Public Education and Outreach Campaign 0 919 73 Storm Drain Maintenance ** ** **

TOTAL 24,000 994 144 TOTAL REDUCTIONS REQUIRED 13,913 774 137

* The City will conduct a public education and outreach program to all homeowners within the watershed; however, due to difficulty in quantifying pollutant load reductions due to behavior changes, no homeowner contribution is assumed for accounting purposes at this time.

**Cleaning of storm drains and drainage structures will be implemented only if collections from other activities are less than anticipated and the City needs additional reductions to meet the load reduction goals for a particular season. Storm drain cleaning may also be done in lieu of additional street sweeping activities based on scheduling and equipment availability.

4.7 Summary of Activities to be Tracked

The City will meet the annual TSS, TN, and TP load reduction goals by employing a public outreach and education campaign and implementing regularly schedule street sweeping along the City-owned and maintained streets.

The City intends to continue routine street sweeping within the residential areas of the Kawa Stream watershed indefinitely. The quantity of material collected, the debris composition, and the laboratory analysis for particle size the particulate and organic fraction will continue through the end of the street sweeping pilot study (December 2016). At the conclusion of the pilot study, the analysis for the TSS fractionation and nutrient content of the collected material will cease and the three years of data will be averaged to determine estimated removal rates going forward. The quantification of the material removed and estimation of debris composition will continue until the end of FY17. After that date, the City will utilize the historical data to determine the basic level of street sweeping activities necessary to meet the pollutant load reduction goal and ultimately the City’s WLA.

If the combination of the proposed activities results in less reductions than required, the City will reevaluate the program. Depending on the findings, this may result in implementing additional program elements, including identifying opportunities for permanent BMP development.


20 June 2015



21 June 2015

5.0 Compliance Schedule

The achievement of the City’s WLA for the Kawa Stream will occur over a period of three and a half years with a final compliance deadline of December 31, 2018. Based on historical collections, it is anticipated that a combination of street sweeping (5-6 times per year) and public education/outreach will result reductions of TSS, TN, and TP to satisfy the City’s load reduction goals.

If it is determined that significantly more activities are required to meet the target reductions and the City is unable to meet the WLA by the compliance deadline, the City will work with the appropriate agency to reevaluate the program. Depending on the findings, this may result in implementing additional program elements or reevaluating the current conditions to determine if the characteristics of the MS4 discharges have changed. In accordance with these modifications, the City will submit a revised I&M Plan in FY18 and request a modification to the final compliance deadline. The revised plan will outline the additional activities the City plans to implement to achieve the WLA and include a timeline for implementation. The proposed implementation schedule is shown in the following table.

Table 8: Schedule of Compliance

Due No Later Than: Milestone / Deliverable

June 30, 2015 Submit updated I&M Plan per Part F.3.a Continue 3-yr street sweeping pilot study (quantity of material

collected, debris composition, and TSS/TN/TP analysis)

June 30, 2016 Continue 3-yr street sweeping pilot study (quantity of material

collected, debris composition, and TSS/TN/TP analysis) Develop material for public education and outreach campaign

December 31, 2016 Complete street sweeping pilot study (TSS/TN/TP analysis) Continue numerical tracking of GH activities (quantity of material

collected and debris composition)

June 30, 2017 Complete numerical tracking of GH activities (quantity of material

collected and debris composition) Distribute material for public education and outreach campaign

December 31, 2017 Submit street sweeping pilot study report and provide summary of street sweeping material analyzed during pilot study

June 30, 2018

Complete analysis of GH numerical tracking data to determine basic level of activities necessary, and

Update and re-distribute material for public education and outreach campaign, if necessary

If additional activities are required, submit revised I&M Plan which outlines additional activities to be implemented1

December 31, 2018 FINAL COMPLIANCE DEADLINE Submit final report detailing how compliance with WLA reductions

was achieved and will be maintained 1Other activities are defined as other municipal and public participation maintenance activities such as drain cleaning, volunteer cleanups, regulatory compliance and enforcement policies, homeowner involvement, downspout disconnections, structural retrofits and other structural BMP measures

After the final compliance deadline, the City’s compliance will be based on fulfilling the basic level of activities determined to be necessary to meet the pollutant load reduction.


22 June 2015

Ultimately, it is the City’s goal to contribute to good stewardship of the land and ensure that water quality in and around the island of Oahu is safe and useable for all intended purposes. These activities are proposed to aid in achieving this goal.


23 June 2015

6.0 References

Center for Watershed Protection, “National Pollutant Removal Performance Database,” Version 3, September 2007.

Center for Watershed Protection, “New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual,” Appendix A, August 2010.

Chesapeake Stormwater Network, “Nutrient Accounting Methods to Document Local Stormwater Load Reductions in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed”, CSN Technical Bulletin No. 9, August 15, 2011.

City and County of Honolulu, Department of Environmental Services.

City and County of Honolulu, Department of Environmental Services, “National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit No. HI S000002,” February 16, 2015.

City and County of Honolulu, Department of Facility Maintenance.

Crumpacker, Andrea L. and Steve Butkus, “Approaches to Defining TMDL Margins of Safety”, Weston Solutions, Inc., Water Environmental Federation, 2009.

Guo, Qizhong (George), “Correlation of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) Test Methods”, Prepared for New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, November 2006.

Oceanit Laboratories, Inc., AECOS, Inc., and State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Environmental Planning Office, “Total Maximum Daily Loads of Total Suspended Solids, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus for Kawa Stream, Kaneohe, Hawaii”, March 2002.

State of Hawaii, Department of Health, “An Ecosystem Approach to Water Quality Standards”, 1977.

State of Hawaii, Department of Health, “Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 55,” May 27, 2009.

State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Environmental Planning Office, “How to Reduce Pollutant Loads and Improve Water Quality in Kawa Stream (Kaneohe, Oahu), A Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation Plan for Watershed Health”, October 2002.

State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Environmental Planning Office, “Allocations of Total Maximum Daily Loads of Total Suspended Solids, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus for Kawa Stream, Kaneohe, Hawaii”, June 2005.

www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/smm/wastewise/pubs/conversions.pdf

www.prh.noaa.gov/

www.water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/TMDL-ch3.cfm


24 June 2015


APPENDIX A:

CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DOWNSPOUT DISCONNECTION FIELD SURVEY

(2013)

45084004

45048093

45055026

45029013

45029010

45048011

45048016

45048025

4504808845048014

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4505107045051086

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4505107245051084

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45051087

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45048065

45059029

45051085

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45084045

45048072

45052056

45055006

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45051065

450290444502904345029037

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4505206145051088

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45051045

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45052057

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45051025

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4504805945051043

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45059006

45051049

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45048052

45084078

45059002

45048031

45084079

4508407745084076

45055025

45084075

45052058

45084044

45048048

KULAULI ST

MAKA

LANI

ST

KANEOHE BAY DR

PUOH

ALA S

T

HILINAI ST

IHILANI ST

PUA INIA ST

WAIAW

I ST

PUA A

LOWA

LO S

T

WAIN

ANA S

T

ONEKAI ST

IOLE ST

WENA ST

PUAAE RD MOKU

LELE

DR

PUA M

AKAH

ALA S

T

MELI PL

LANI

POLA

PL

POPO

KI ST

PUULUNA PL

KAHOWAA PL

HOENE PL

PIKOILOA PL

MOKULELE PL

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

DetailedMap Area

OAHU

LegendKawa Stream TMDL WatershedRoofs gutters with direct connection to storm drainage systemDisconnected roof gutters that drain to impervious surfacesCCH MS4 Coverage Area

¯

45060045

45084004

45070016

45043063

45048093

45089058

45089059

45048011

45067051

45065015

45065012

45048016

45048025

45048005

4504808845048014

45067034

45048022

45043025

45043028

45043026

45043024

45043020

45043011

45043021

4504303045043018

45044035

45051014

45063001

45051009

45044034

45051003

45051013

45051010

45051008

45051012

45067005

45067014

45067007

45061015

45043061

45060029

45048085

45060026

45067049

4506003045089012

45043062

45062031

45060014

4506107845067013

45048084

45067008

4507004645070030

45067010

45043073

45084043

45070027

45070029

45070004

45060044

45067040

45067015

45062037

4506004845070032

45067004

45067041

4506203845089024

45070034

45051001

45070013

45060023

45089064

45061056 45067030

45089073

45067012

45070023

45089010

45084029

45067037

45067055

45089029

45062047

45061079

45084008

45089071

45048065

45070003

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4506702345067031

45048072

45061070

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45067048

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45084020

45061084

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45070050

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45084044

45060037

45067063

45070008

45084011

45060015

45089004

45089038

45061077

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45084038

45060049

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45062043

45062046

45048082

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45061038

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45060007

45065007

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45060016

45048073

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45084013

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45061003

45070009

45060036

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45084034

45060003

45067025

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45067026

4506005345061009

45061088

45070026

45060006

45089007

45051025

45051055

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45065005

45070041

45061082

45060038

45062027

45061006

45061074

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45061085

45051024

45089003

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45061023

45051026

45065081

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45067058

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4506103045060022

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45065039

45062034

45084054

45084026

4504802945048030

45043014

45089037

45048074

45089055

45084077

45084078

4508407645084075

45065047

45084079

45043014

450480774504807645051042

45043072

45048059

450660064506300845062005

45048049

45044002

45051059 4504806245051078

45043044 45062032

45089044

NAMOKU ST

MOKU

LELE

DR

KENELA ST

KOA KAHIKO ST

KANEOHE BAY DR

PUALI ST

POPO

KI ST

IHILANI ST

PAHIKAUA ST

AUMOKU ST

IOLE ST

MEALELE ST

PUAAE RD

NAKULUAI ST

MAKA

LANI

ST

DUNCAN DR

MEAKAUA ST

KAM HWY AKIMALA ST

NAKULUAI PL

PAKIKO PL

MIKIHILINA ST

PAHIK

OLI P

L

POPOKI PL

POUHANUU PL

NAMOKU PL

MOKULELE PL

NUKUMOMI PL

AKIMALA PL

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

DetailedMap Area

OAHU


¯

45103001

4510300545103005

45043063

45103008

4509202445092025

45092026 45092012

45089055

45089059

45089058

45107014

45063044

45066050

45067051

45067034

4509201945092020

45043025

45043028

45043026

45092023

45043024

45043020

45043011

45043021

4504303045043018

4504401945044016

4504401745044040

4504402245044021

45092006

4509300645092005

45106013

45044002

45093005

45063005

45089054

4504403445044035

45066035

4504307345063001

45063041

45043072

45063004

45092028

4509200245063031

45092027

45106014

45043061

45092047

45092044

45067049

45043062

4509204145092048

45066014

45062031

45089066

45089029

45106012

45093017

45092086

45093014

45106026

45107013

45092021

45092085

45092003

45089067

45092042

4509205045063045

45067040

45062037

45067004

45067041

45062038

45066029

45089024

45092064

4506602645066017

45092043

45092073

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45061056 45067030

45066016

45089073

45092058

45066012

45067055

45092065

45066011

45067037

45106017

45107015

45089052

45107007

45062047

45089071

45067005

45092063

45092070

4506702345067031

45092067

45092056

45063046

45063013

45092054

45061101

45062049

4506605845063036

4506604345067052

45067048

45066056

45089034

45093015

45063026

45063028

45089044

45061084

4506302545066037

45089053

45060011

45089027

45067063

45089038

45063049

45061100

45107009

45063062

45092072

45062043

45092079

45060015

45089051

45062046

45092068

45061062

45060007

45063033

45066023

45067059

45061066

45092039

4506001645060010

45092053

45062030

45060003

45043044

45067025

45092059

45066032

45067026

45062032

45063051

45089049

45061088

45066025

45060006

45063009

45062027

45092055

45044039

45061085

45089043

45089061

45106006

45092009

45092077

45067062

45062002

45063020

45066022

45067058

45063072

45092036

45089035

45062028

45062021

45062014

45067044

45066006

45062022

45061087

45062012

45061050

45061053

45089040

45092031

45062023

45061052

45063008

45066053

45060020

45062034

45063069

4506301845063019

45062005

45067032

45089047

45043067

45063057

45063068

45067002

45062013

45106011

45089022

45063061

45106025

45066061

45043014

45060012

45089037

4510603045106028

45093018

45107003

451070124510701145107010

45106020

4510603745106034

45107004

45061049

45106032 45106029

45107008

45089015

45043014

45106031

45106022

4510600345106002

45060014 45060022

45106036

45107022

45106004

4510702145107019

45067007

4510701845107020

45061082

45093022

45093002

4506701045060024 45067015

MOKULELE DR

KAM HWY

NAMOKU ST

AKIMALA ST

PUALI ST

PUAHUULA PL

OHAHA ST

NAKULUAI ST

DUNCAN DRMEALELE ST

KUMAKUA PL

KENELA ST

LELEUA PL

PAILAKA PL

KOA KAHIKO ST

UALANI PL

NAKULUAI PL

NIHINA PL

KUU HOME PL

NALIIKO PL

KONALE PL

LELEUA WAY

WALIWALI PL

OHAHA PLAKIMALA PL

NOWEO PL

KOA KAHIKO ST

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

DetailedMap Area

OAHU


¯

45103001

4510300545103005

45103008

4509202445092025

45093026

45092026 45092012

45107036

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MOKULELE DR

KAM HWY

LELEUA PL

OHAHA ST

NAMOKU ST

LIPALU ST

NAKULUAI ST

AKIMALA STPUAHUULA PL

KUMAKUA PL

PAILAKA PL KOA KAHIKO ST

NIHINA PL

MAHINUI RD

LELEUA LP

KUAUA WAY

NALIIKO PL

KONALE PL

LELEUA WAY

OPUHEA PL

WALIWALI PL

OHAHA PL

KOIAWE WAY

LIPALU PL

NOWEO PL

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

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OAHU


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KANEOHE BAY DR

NAMO

KU ST

KEANA RD

POPO

KI ST

MOKU

LELE

DR

IOLE ST

PUAAE RD

IOLE

PL

POPOKI PL

MALULANI ST

NOHONANI PL

MIHA ST

IKENAKAI ST

HIKIW

ALE S

T

MOAKAKA PL

MIMO PLKULAULI S

T

PAHIKAUA ST

PAKIKO PL

MOAKAKA WAY

NEEMUA PL

MOKULELE PL

NEEPU PL

NEEPAPA PL

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

DetailedMap Area

OAHU


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NAMO

KU ST

MOKULELE DR

NAKULUAI ST

LEHU

UILA

ST

LUPO

ST

MIKIHILINA ST

PAHIKAUA ST

AWELE PL

KEANA RD

KENELA ST

PUALI ST

HIKIW

ALE

ST

MEALELE ST

POPOKI ST

POPOKI PL

AKIMALA ST

KOA KAHIKO ST

NAKULUAI PL

PAKIKO PL

PAHIK

OLI P

L

POUHANUU PL

NAMOKU PL

NALIIKO PL

NUKUMOMI PL

NEEPU PL

AKIMALA PL

HIKIWALE PL

LEHUUILA PL

NOWEO PL

0 200 400 600 800100Feet

DetailedMap Area

OAHU


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i6 - final kawa i&m plan revjun015.pdf

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