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I Nyoman Radiarta1; Husnah Samhudi1
Widyatmoko2, Gede Ari Yudasmara3
Email: [email protected] 1Agency for Marine Affair and Fisheries Research and Development, MMAF
2PT Suri Tani Pemuka, JAPFA 3Ganesha Education University, Bali
Indonesia Aquaculture Aquaculture Carrying Capacity (ACC) Research to support ACC Future Perspective
CONTENTS
INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Prod
uctio
n (M
illio
ns)
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
19901993
19961999
2002
2005
2008
Thou
sand
s
(MMAF, 2009)
Development of aquaculture sector needed a strategic and innovative policies through effective actions as well as look at the recent trend (i.e. environmental aspect; carrying capacity; climate change issues)
MMAF Indonesia Program → Enhancement of quantity and quality fisheries and aquaculture products in Indonesia
MINAPOLITAN
INDUSTRIALISASI
BLUE ECONOMY
Cluster and comodity based
Production enhancement and value added product
Environmental based for sustainability
INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE
INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE
2011
2012
2013 2014
6.847.500 Tones Realization= 6.976.750
tones( 101,89%)
9.415.700 Tones Increasing 38% from
2011
13.020.800 Tones Increasing 38 % from
2012
16.891.000 Tones Increasing 30 % From
2013
0 2 4 6
Seaweed
Grouper
Snapper
Shrimp
Milk fish
Tilapia
Crap
Cat Fish
Cat fish-Clarias spp
Grouramy
Other fish
Millions Tons
2010 2011 2012
INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE
Aquaculture Production Based on Commodities
Reanalysis from FAO online database (FAO, 2011)
% Volume % Value
15 70
63
21
1
20 9 1
Freshwater fish
Aquatic plants
(carnivores)
(omnivores/herbivores)
(filter feeder/omnivores)
(photosynthetic)
Molluscs/Others animal
Marine & diadromous fish/Crustacean
Aquaculture production in 2009
INDONESIAN AQUACULTURE
AQUACULTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
Four generic types of carrying capacity can be applied to aquaculture development (Inglis et al., 2000): 1. Physical carrying capacity: the total area of farm
that can be accommodated in the available physical space,
2. Production carrying capacity: the stocking density of species at which harvests are maximised,
3. Ecological carrying capacity: the stocking or farm density which causes unacceptable ecological impacts,
4. Social carrying capacity: the level of farm development that causes unacceptable social impacts.
AQUACULTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
Physical CC
Production CC
Ecological CC
Social CC
Water depth Current Temperature etc…
Plankton Detritus Nutrient etc…
Communities structure Mass balance model etc…
Traditional fisheries Recreation etc…
Guidance /feedback
McKindsey et al., 2006
AQUACULTURE CARRYING CAPACITY Aquaculture ecosystem Spatial scale related
with aquaculture Farm scale (small scale)
The watershed /aquaculture zone (geographic region)
Wider regional (global scale)
1. Fresh water 2. Brackish water 3. Marine
aquaculture
GIS and RS Solution Greatly improve understanding of the interaction
between aquaculture, other sectors and the ecosystem. Assist decision maker for making better planning and
management.
AQUACULTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
Tabular Graphic; Map Digital data Satellite RS
Thematic Map Statistic Report
GIS: Data management; manipulation and analytic operation
Users requirement
PROCESS
INPUT
OUTPUT
Common RS/GIS Analyses
Problems
Limited sites Impact on environment
Multi-use conflicts
Solution
INTAQ/IMTA (Troell et al., 2009; FAO, 2010)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT AQUACULTURE CARRYING CAPACITY
RESEARCH TO SUPPORT ACC
Stock Enhancement (Uki, 2006)
RESEARCH TO SUPPORT ACC
1. Inventory and monitoring of aquaculture environment
Arus perairan
Arus perairanArus perairan
IkanIkan
2. Modeling of site selection
3. Integrated aquaculture - IMTA