i nvestigation 8 “a daptation ”. w hy do changes in an organism affect its chances of survival ?...
TRANSCRIPT
INVESTIGATION 8 “ADAPTATION”
WHY DO CHANGES IN AN ORGANISM AFFECT ITS CHANCES OF SURVIVAL?
Living things have basic needs, such as energy, water, gas exchange, etc… to survive.Every organism has varying needs for
things like water, gas exchange, etc…
WHY DO CHANGES IN AN ORGANISM AFFECT ITS CHANCES OF SURVIVAL?
The resources for life originate in an organism’s environment. Critical relationship between
environment and organism. When an environment changes,
organisms that interact with it are influenced. Improve or decrease organism’s chance for
survival.
WHY DO CHANGES IN AN ORGANISM AFFECT ITS CHANCES OF SURVIVAL?
Changes enhance one organism’s ability to survive and reproduce more offspring while it decreases the chances of another organism.
ADAPTATIONS
Organisms have adaptations that allow them to live an environment.
Every organism has a unique set of adaptations to live in its environment.
Examples: Sea otters live in the sea. Desert tortoises live in the desert.
ADAPTATIONS
Adaptations are:Physical attributes (structures and
functions) ORBehaviors that enhance an organism’s
opportunity to live and reproduce in its environment.
ADAPTATIONS
Organisms have different types of adaptations:Structural Adaptations Functional Adaptations Behavioral Adaptations
ADAPTATIONS
The particular combination of adaptations expressed by an individual defines the lifestyle that that organism will lead and the environment in which it can survive.
VARIATION WITHIN A SPECIES
Organisms of the same kind are all members of the same species.
All members of a species have similar adaptations and, therefore, the ability to live in the same environment. The members of a species that are living
together and interacting constitute a population.
VARIATION
Within a population, there is variation.
Variation is the amount of difference in physiological and/or behavioral attributes exhibited by the members of a population. Example: Walkingsticks color
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATION
When the environment provides abundant resources, all members of a population share in the bounty and survive. This is the exception.
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATION
Factors in the environment is in limited supply or pushing the limits of tolerance of the organisms. Variation is essential here!
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATION
The individuals that have structures or behaviors that allow them to break slightly harder seeds, run a little faster, etc…., will have a survival advantage over the members of the populations when the environment changes.
What examples have we done in class that reinforces this statement? Why?
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATION
As a result of natural variation in a population, the population may survive failure of a primary food source, invasion by a predator, reduction in solar radiation, or drought.
BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATION
*** Different members of the population will have the advantage depending on what environmental factor imposes pressure on the population.
The results is that some members will survive to reproduce ensuring the survival of the species and the continuing of the population.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
Organisms have distinctive features that make them recognizable.
Examples: Snakes have scales, color patterns, eyes, and mouths.
Ducks have feathers, beaks, webbed feet, and eyes.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
Features: are structures of organisms.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
There is tremendous variation in features from species to species, but all individuals of the same species have the same features…
HOWEVER… there can be variation in how the features look within a species.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
The appearance of a feature within a species is called a trait. A trait is the particular manner in which an
organism exhibits a feature, that is, how it looks.
Example:Black bears have all the same features:
four legs, short tail, small ears, two eyes, long, course fur, and a brown nose, etc… The color of the fur can vary. The fur color is the feature and the color of the
fur (brown, black…) is the variation.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
Case Study: Peppered Moth StudyA classic investigation looked at the feature
of wing color in the peppered moth of England.
The moth’s wing color can vary from almost white with dark dots to completely black.
FEATURES AND TRAITS
A Case Study: Peppered MothsWhen the Industrial Revolution filled the air
with pollutants, the light-colored moths died and the dark-colored moths survived. Why?