I The Failed States Index 2007 : ,~vnlcnrs

I>I I \ I(le I The world's weakest states aren't just a danger to themselves. They

I can threaten the progress and stability of countries half a world away. In the third annual Failed States Index, Foreign Policy and The Fund for Peace rank the countries where the risk of failure is running high.

t I \ :III a : ~ , ~ ~ l ' t ~ * ~ l :1\111111 ot ,lit I I I ~ ~ ~ C I ~ I I .isc I~I;II ~I\I;IIICL* 1 1 0

IOIIC~I I I ~ , ~ I I C I h \c~ lL) i \ , \ I \ L..!( !i : ip~ t,;lll ki< :,! k ~ l IL.L r~l;ll-- Few encouraging signs emerged in 2006 to bet, trn rhc: ~ t l h t ' ~ \ i ~ i c ' ~ i - t h t pl;111~.t. : \ I~. I I -L,~~~L r i ~ i c h thr~I suggest the world is on a path to greater

A N m L EDITIONS - The Ran kings Ti- J-ljr: rolunf?s 11 gh1rgt:l ttre 12 polr:rcal, econamlc, ml~ltary, and soc~al ~ndicators of instabil ty Fo: each bndlcztor T!le h~ghest siore {greater ~nstabnl~ty) IS in bold; the lowest score (less ~nstabllity) 1s In bold and italic.

Indicators of instability - - - - - - -- - - - --

.- tn c 0 $ C I

U u . - C u

0 C .- ., 2 0 ii m- a t~ C L a c s . P m L z

& Q I ; , = f o Rank Total Country U)U Y Z u-5 fl

1 1137 Sudan 9 2 9.8 10.0 9.0 9 1 7.7 10.0 9.5 10.0 9.9 9 7 9.8

2 1 1 1 4 Iraq 9 0 4.0 10.0 9.5 8 5 8.0 9.4 8.5 9.7 10.0 Y 8 10.0 3

Somalia

Zimbabwe

Chad

Ivory Coast Dem. Rep. of the Congo Afghanistarb

G u ~ n e a Central Afrbcan Republlc Haiti

Pakistan

North Korea Burma

Uganda

Bangladesh Nigeria

Eth~opia

Burundi

Nepal Uzbekistan

Sierra Leone

Sri Lanka Republic 01 the Conge Liberia Lebanon Malawi Solomon Islands

Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007

The Ran ki ngs (continued) lrghest scr~rp

9 7 9.8

9.8 10.0

10.0 10.0

9.0 7.0

9.7 9.0

9.2 9 8

8 6 9 6 8.5 100

9 0 8.5

9.3 9.0 I! 3 9.6

9.5 8 5

7.9 7 9

8 2 4.0

7 8 7.4

9.5 5.9 9.5 5 7

8.9 6 7

7.5 9.0

8.8 8.8

8.5 7.2 9.2 7.0

7 7 7.0

9 0 7.2

9.2 6.1

7 2 7.4 9 1 9.0

3.8 9.0

7.5 7.4

3.8 9 0 (continued)

Rank

31

32

33

33

35

36

36 38

39

3G 4 1

41

43

34

45

46

47

48

48

50 51 51

53

54

55 56

57

58

59

60

Total

91 -3 91.2

89 7

89 7

89.1

89 2

89.2 88.8

88 7

88.6 88.2

88.2

87.5

87.2

86 7

86.6

86.4

85 7

85.7

85.5

85 2 85.1

84.9

84.5

84 4

83.2

82.8

82 3

82.0

81.4 -.

lndicators of Instability . . --

Country

Kenya

N!ger

Colombia

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Egypt Rwanda Guinea- B~ssau Tajik~stan

Syrra Eqlratonal Guinea Kirgizstan

Turkmenistan

Laos

Mauritania

Togo

Bhutan

Cambodia

Moldova

Eritrea

Belarus Pap~ra New Gurnea Angola

Bosnia

l ndonesia

Ph;llpp~nes

Georgia

Bolivia

Guatemala

ANNUAL EDITIONS

Failing the Faithful

Ttlc wr~rld's weakezt sldks arc 2lsO the most rel~g~ouslv ' lnldernnt Counlr~es w ~ l h a pool freedom 3f r t i l ~ g i ~ n

score j r e often most likely to meet their maker Fre?dnom of worsh~p may be a cornerstone of

di.mordncv, k r t 11 r a y als3 be a key trd~catar of stabl- I

~:y Vulnerable states d~splay a greatEr degree of rell- u!nrJ> ~r~toler anre ar cording to scol es calculaled by Ihe H u d s o ~ Irlstitut~'s Center fol- Religivus Freedom Per- scr;~lt~on ot te l~g~ous m~tmritres irl Bangladesn, Burna.

' Iran, and Uzbekistan has depr~verl millions of f a ~ t h f ~ l of t i e freedom t3 follow the~r bel~efs. But religious repres-

! sl(Jn IS often notk\nq more than a thrnly ve\led attempt lu r r l u ~ ~ l e tne country s CIVII society. In Zimbabwe, relr-

i g)ous readers were targeie3 recenlly as some ~f the last rPmarnl?g outspoken volccs of oppos~tiuri Irl tlie country. ' P.nd In Belar1.s President Aleksandr Lukashenko has severel./ c c r r t ~ l l ~ d reliqiovs freeaom rn ordm to quash

I 17~0vern~nts he deems bearers o: foreign political in'lu- PYF: \ ( seems t ! ~ leaders mot many failing slates d~str.lst

I a?y hl~l lhe~ power th i t may be greater Van their own

i 'I'he Best and the Worst

This year, several vulnerable states took a step back from the brink. Nu yuestlon. 2J0b was a l o ~ s y year for lraq " I: was an odd statement to czme from a .r~rrnally upteat U.S President Gnnrge n. Bush. but fcw would d~sagree. An ever worsen- ~ n d sp~ral of vlolence in lraq and bloody conthcts !n Afghan\- stan. East T~mor, ard Sonalia ensured that 2006 could iirderstandably go down In the hislory bo~ks as a lousj year for many count-ies, not least Iraq.

But ~ m r d these pour perlorniers, a few br~ght spots emerged. Several falling states made impressive galns. ullen l h a ~ k s to h~s to~ tc turnsat the ballot box. Thc f~rclt direct ~1ill;tir;los war-e leld In December In Indofles~a's Aceh Prov- Ince, hust lu a three-decade-long separa!lst war lhat ended In .i 1ru~:c 2035. Fwrner rebel leader lrwandi Yusut, who escaped from ,all aRer his prison was destroyed by the L)e:emb€r ?DOJ tsunarnr was c l c ~ l e d governur, sidelining former elrtes who had long monop3lized power And in the Democra:~c Republ~c of the Ccrnqo, the f~rst multiparty ~ l e c - tlons rn more than 40 years hzlperl Improve the state's eglt\- macy In t?e eyes of ~ ts lmpoverlshed populace, tn0ug-1 the corintry rcma\nz vu \ne rab \~ tu l~i l l i l ln vlolfmce

Bul Llberla wlns the honcr of the years tnost ImproverA. gnjirny SIT polnls over last vcar's trdnx S C ~ P . Tnere, tso, a November 2005 election. helrc af:er more than 2 decade of CI'JI' war, can be cred l t~d w~th brlng~ng much-needed stEbility f!, t,ic c o ~ n t r y and layilly the gror~rld for last year's notable proQress. Although 14.000 U.N, peacekeepers remain in L ~ h c r ~ a its ecrsnrlrnv !s j u ~ w ! n g a1 7 percent, rnhit\a:. have been demobllitsd. and President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf ha?. Ir.4 efforts to iombal enoernic corruption, inzludlng t h ~ arrest3 i ~ t i - ~ ~ ~ y t ~ - r d r ~ k ~ n g gcvernment 3fflrlafs for graft. - - - -- .- - - - - - -

Llber a's ne~ghbor In th? rankings, ilowevt?r 1oc.k thrs year s larqest t .~mble Lebanon dr3pperl n ~ a r \ v 1 2 points In the rndex, grvlng ~t a total score i ~ s t a ha~r shy of L l k r ~ a ' s TI-E! war n Lebanon idst year reversed much uf Ihe progress made s ~ r l ~ t : t t ~ e end of ~ t s cwn clvrl war In 19CO. I s r ~ e l ~ arr strikes drove m3re than 700 000 Lebanese from the11 homes an3 did an ~q t~ rna ted 52 8 blll~on \r darnage to the c t ~ ~ n l r y - s infrastructure. A political crrsis has the current government deadlocked and the zounlry's scunomy reniAlns weah I i

shows that two state? wrth s~m~fn r rat~ngs can be on ~ast ly dltlerent Irajectorles, ane hbaded toward stab1 rty and one bscksl~dir~g toward fdilure.

Country - - - - -. . -. - -

Better

l ndclnesla

Dern Rep of the Congo Bosn~a

Worse

Lebancn Sonalia Eqt.idur 131 Gi~rnea Nrger

- . - - -. - . - . . . -

'As rlc,~st~ri'd I# - 1rlT1ex ~8:11tit;

Change. - .- - - --

Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007

I Ill ; I I~IIIC / Nature vs. Nurture It,i>.L, A g\-c

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! t?r and dcter~ora-lor) Tiat muatis that In ;:oorl<; ped-rorm~ng s l ~ t e s un Ihc cdyc. ~r i c l~ ld~ng E:~t ly l~~at .~ l l . E J ~ P I . dt:d Iild~r-ae- 1 ';fa. 'he risks of flcodinq droilqclt. ..irlrl rl~furr;stat~tlr. h.jve llttle chance ot belt~q properly lnat,:lg~rl AnlJ t h ~ ' surjqclst:, I;tr:nn; I

are hretvlr~q or1 the tl!~rr7arl for Ihe bi!rld'.~ rno.it v i ~ l r \ ~ r ; j b i j

AS the world warms states at .~sh face severe threats to !heir gro~ndvrater. agrrcu!tute, and ecosystems facifirs thal can rapdly undo polltrcal and economic galns Thr.; year's Index iound a strong covrelallo? betW?@n stzbility and envrronmcntal sustainabiliiy. a country's aijrlity lo avrlrd envlrnnm~ntdl dlsas-

I Swrce. 2035 El~vironjnent Srlsta~nabil~ty lndcx. ~rnd~rccd by valur: and Columbgil Urllversrl~es L - - - - -- - - - . - -. - - -. - -. -. -. - . - - I

1 v e n n t I I c ~ ~ ~ i ~ I I l i ~ r s \ ~ a ' ~ 11i7Ic. L Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ I I I J 10 ~ I ( I L A \ ,LIL,II , I \ 11.11 t~:lI ! I I L , I \ I ~ > I ~ \U : I I . , 1 1 1 ~ 1

p i n g econom> 3rd il lull i I r t l c 1 in\vdli: 111 < I~KL\-III>;I 1 1 . i ) ~ 1.iollul11lic t l c h ~ r I \ L ~ l ~ b 111. 1 I L C r\\'r.! 0 1 - LL I I , , \ 1.111~ \ l14*11 l r l 111lt 1.)~. ladstabilizing effec~.;. d:qIiirc I'I,L.,~ c.ouc.(>r-rl~ .~holrr thc. L ( u r j ~ I-\ -. 1111di.l ~h.11 I r~:~tctI I 11,. 1, ' 1 1 . i n I L>I~.IILI)II I I,[ , 7 : ! ~ n - ! ~ \ ~ > , I ! : I ~ \ * ~ \ \ n , i k \ ~ <

h m t i c futur,.. IIL>,II I \ IIJ~O dCc,tdc< !II L.L ~ ~ I I ~ I I I I I L .~ ' td ( ~ r 1 1 [ I L , , I / IT. lgr.im<. 11111 !.chi)-

Thevastrnajcrit! rlf\hc.-\:\\:- l i-rd i n thr \\lilt.. h , r \ ~ , nt>i :rl .IIIOII ;.,I, > ~III~L.~,II?\~~\~L.~ ;ILI.L 11.. 111 ,IIIIL .I[ ,r~lt I \.'r IIIII,. ,II I l i [ l l l . c \

ANNUAL EDITIONS

. - -- -- -. - - - - - - - - - . -. - - - .-

Ideading the Way to the Bottom i

Many states must endure poverty, corruption, and natural disasters. But, for the weak, there is nothing

more costly than o strongman calling the shots. H~story IS full of brulal leaders who have plunged tthe~r lands Into poverty and war through greed, corruption, and

' ~:\olenze And though many events-natural d\sasiers, eco- nomlc shocks. an tif flux o' refugees from a nelghborrng country--can lead to state fa~lure, few are as decis~ve or as

i rAeadly as bad leadersh~p. ! Ths year's index reveals that whlle fail~ng states llke

Iraq and Snmalia may suffar from poor govcrnancc, they are k ~ p t company by a number of countries ruled by long- ) serving strongmen who hars presided over their nalions' collapse. Thrae of the five worst performing states-Chad. Sudar.. and Zimbabwe-have leaders who haw been In power for more than 15 years.

Bul the problem IS not restrrcted to sub-Saharan Africa. UzbeLlslan's President lsiam Karimov, ,#ho has collinued a brutal crackdown on dissent since the massacre of hundreds uf ur~a in~er i prutesters In May 2005, has been in power since 1991 Egyplian Pres~dent Hosni Mubarak, who has clung

to power for the past quartel ccritury. IS no& orchestratrng his own succession. :v~th h ~ s son as the he11 apparent And Yamen': Presidenl All Abduhah Saleh. ~ h o has ruled slnce 1 Y 18. was overwhelm~ngly reelected lo another seven-year term last September in an election roundly cilndernned by t h e npposil~on as Iraudulenl

Llkewlse, effect've leadersnip can pul! a state back from the hr~nk. lndonebia'> frrst (Jirectly elected pres~dent Sus~lo Bambany Yudhoyono, has helped steer the country. long marred 3y e~idemic corruption and devastated by the 2004 tsunami, toward greater stablllty srnce corning Into offlce t h r ~ ~ y ~ a ~ s ago H e has ~nrt~atcd ~c iorm of the countr-y s crooked security sector, negotiated a peace agree-mmt wlth rebels In Aceh Province, and made rnodeiate rrnprovernents In government servlces These ejlons haven't necessar~ly made him popular. But then. such leadership is exac'ly what more failing states leed: a head of state lyho chooses con- t~nued retorrns over h ~ s own power and rFcogn~tlon

c ~ O t ~ ~ \ 7 hlr~e r u\nrsr.~bi\~\jp.; rite lrnl!: h ~ - l l w d t u ~ n ~ t i e cl:>~.l, hitib t r r l t h ~ z counlry ' \ (Ieleloplnent. hut they revrrhcl.aretl i~zl.oxx thc rc.g~cbr~-into Irr-acl. .I(ird:~n. i ~ n d Syri,!. It thou\ :yairi th;11 a L 1)11tilrj ' k p r o b l ~ * ~ i ~ h art* 11cver > i i ~ p l y on7-I.

That c,c\r~cluhion becomc.s c.-pcci<~Il,v W(II.I~~<JIIIC \+.II~'II I~IC

\ \ c ' ~ L \[,LIP, i r l ~ L I C C ~ ~ I I I I 1iohce\5 nuclc;~r weapon\ T(lll.~y. t \ c ( l

u o i i n t r ~ r ~ i:111ol1~ thc ~ r ) r l d ' s 1.5 moct I u l n c r ~ l ~ l c , Nor:h Kore;~ :ird i':lh1\1,1n, ;Ire menihurs of rhu nuclear club Their protile\ L , t ! ~ ~ l d \~;ir~lK> IT ic%> > i ~ i j l \ , i ~ : - \ ' i ~ r fortii?r l;icr\ llit ~CI- j IY;I\ pr+- peer ot' tctlnornlu collapsu. folloucd by lnachilc hulti;;i~ f l iph~. kchilc t t ~ c latter preside\ over ;I Ii~wles\ frontier coutlrr! :un<l a

~ . i ~ ~ c . n ~ . h ; l ! i ~ ~ d I\lan~iat oppo\~tion whocr riunkh gnju. by ~ h c cia! Hut M h i l t tliexc \tat& Iallings may bc fsecli~cnt frddcl. fol'

hc.,irlllrl<~~ ;~rcrtlrj~l t l ~ c ivclrld. i t I\ ohviau\ thnr thcrc art. 1'c.w r;i\> , ~ r ~ \ u c ~ , s I(! thcrl trouh1t.h I n h~yh l igh t~ng which \late.; ;~rc at tIlc

+r-~.,ilc.t r.i\l, of t l j r I i~rc. i k v ~ 3 1 1 tjlily hope that rtlaru cffe~,tivc ;it~rl .l ~ l l g - l ~ l 11) ~ t j l ~ f l r l ) l l \ i*ll lclyc O\Cl. tl117L, i lk LVC <t>lllpiiI-? 11w 111tie\ !I,O~II !car' 10 ~ c ' i i t 111 111;lt it a!. po\iii i7e rer cm.si~lx r ~ f forhunt. c;iri 4)ccilr tor tic \< o r l d ' ~ IIIO\I \ u l r i t~- i i l~ le r1i11itwk JII~. in i l ~ e pro- L.L.\~. imljrrjvr. I hc \cci.l'l~! antl pr!>\perlty of r \ rryotlr.

Long Division Whaf holds back many most fragile regimes is

of the world's that they were

never truly in charge in the first place. IV hv11 ~t LY\IIIC\ to :~\w\\II I~ -[AIL. I,I~ILIIL*. \~\IIIL- L - ( I L I ~ I \ I I C ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ L * ~ ;t

\\ i th ,.plit pci ~ C > I I ~ I ] ~ ~ I L - > , I'ILII I , \ . \I;IIL,\ 1t1;1> IT? the ~IV~LII-c \ ~ ~ h i l ~ t y , pcauc.. x i d t . i r>~iot i~ ic ?I-iwth i r i sr!l:lc ;lr~-;i\. yrt IIO-<O

/tjnch 1 1 1 r~lht.r\. ;2 t l t ) / ~ . t i c o ~ ~ ~ l t l i t ' s ;Ilnl)rlg 1\11' t r l ) 1110k1 1 LI~IICI -

;,hlc L,o [~~: i~ t t ' . \ i r ~ ~ l ; ~ l \ [ i i~c\." X ~ C ; I \ thiit iirc c \ ~ ~ ~ r i t ~ : i I l y \clt- ~ i ybc i IIIII?. i111t c [ : i i l t ~~ -~ i by ~IIL* ~critr,tI ~ o v c r l : r l ~ t ~ ~ l .

11, 111~. r ~ l - I j l~ - r Sin ICI rc[,t~l~lic of C;cx!rgi;i. .ht t ~ o b~~~i iL: i \< . I >

l-cyii\r~\ 01 :\l?Ll~:~/i:i ;i11(1 Si9(1tt1 Chwti;~ hii\c bt~i l t ~ ~ ; i r ~ i l l ~ l ~O~,CI-I I-

Governments wilt often go to great lengths to regain breakaway regions, and their efforts can be tremendously costly.

Article 2. The Failed States Index 2007

I 'I'httre Goes the Neighborhood

? is nothing In same of the world's most dangerous regions, failure doesn't stop at the border's edge. It's contagious.

; orr,hestrat~ng It IS no c a ~ n ~ ~ d e n c e that rnar,y of the world's f a~ l~ng states tend to cluster together Porous borders, ci~ltural aff~nity. and wlde-

apparent. And spread i~nderdevelopment ollen bind populaiions. And when some live in a failing state, their woes can qu~ckly spill over :nto

las ruled slnl-e a nelghbor s backyard.

ler seven-year Nowhere 10 Run :ondernned by

The violence In Darfur has created the most ex!reme ripple I late back from etfect. The Sudanese government has been accused of I

backing rebel groups In both Chad and the Central Ahcan ?sid~nt Susllo country, long Republic, creating hundreds of thousands of additional refu-

:d by the 2004 gees. Vast camps throughout Ihe reylon are vulnerable to

Ing rnto off~ce the violent, maraud~ng milit~as that have terrar~zed Darfur for

the country's the past four years.

jree-ment w~th improvements i ' t necessar~ly !

s exactly what !

chooses con- n~i!t.ln.

.at lengths 1 d their ;tly.

7~ I < L I \ \ ~ ; I 11 X L , ~ , L I I - ~ ~ !

I~II\I '\ ILLII~\~>TII!. 10 1 nrrl l I,([< co i~ t~-o l \ 3 i L~ hl111 h : i \ ~ ~ \OCI~LI ,

States of Disorder Sornalia, hostage lo factional fighl~ng be-tween warlords for more than 15 vears, convulsed with vlolence !n 2006, when shot-lived stability lnstatled by the Union ot Islamic Courts was upended by the Invasion 01 Eth~opian troops in favor of an Inlerlm government. Over the years, refugees from the fight~ng have spilled into Ethiopia. Entrea, and Kenya, destabilizing a large portion of the Horn of Africa.

II\IUIL. b r l ' Hoyo~i ' r )m;~l~l;ind ~ l c~ l i u ( . J c t : l l l ~~ lg !\ 111111~ ~ h c t l i \ t : j t ~ * ,

h\ t l l I-~~:IIII W C . ~

Sowing Instability !

Fighl~ng by a resurgent Tallban In Afghanistan and In lt?e lawless Northwest Frontier Prov~nce of Paklstan has the potential to spread rristabil~ty across Central Asia. Paki-

'

stan and Uzbekistan have shown only marg!nal gains In their index scores during the past year and are at risk not only from sp~llover but from growing internal dissent. But '

it is Alghan~s!an's record poppy y~eld that has neighbor~ng

underground hero~n lactorles, cut swaths through the former states most concerned Drug trafhck~ng routes. fueled by

sowet republics 10 the corm bringing cr ime addctian. and i H I V ~ A I D ~ in their wake. I

,

[ ~ ~ c ~ : < l r l i ~ > l ~ co\t[).

. I - L ~ ~ ~ L ~ I - ~ L ~ I L I I]( 1rt11- I tnt>. h l~ l l 1 l i t l ~ dl\

I\ i IIg t t l o ~ l \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ,)I

cLl-nrnc.rlt c l l ' o ~ - t ~ 10

111 thr. i c ~ l i v e her- tlcnl]>r\ h! tlw Sri :. l ' ;~ ln~ l T l g c ~ \ l ; r \ t uot1llrl.g In rc.;jr.\.

I

law. . Article 2

The Failled States Index 20637

and

a of the :ected.

le's

The world's weakest states aren't just a danger to themselves. They lean threaten the progress and stability of countries half a world away. In the third annual Failed States Index, Foreign Policy and The Fund for Peace rank the countries where the risk of failure is running high.

t i s an itcccptcd axiom ol'the mcdern age that distance no lonzer mntterc. Sectarjan carnape can sway stock mar- kets o n the other 5ide of the planet. Anarchic cities that

hr)s[ open-a~r arnv bazaars irnpesrl rhe security of the world's Fuprpnwer. A hermit lendcr's erratic behavior not oniy make< lift rni~erable f o r the impperished millinn< he n~les hut al-o upend% the world's n~rclear nonprnliferation regime. The threats of wrnk states, i n orhcr word<, ripple Tar beyond their b r d e r ~ and endanscr the develuprnen~ and qecuric of nations thitt are M r polrtlcal and econolnic opposlter.

Few encouraging signs emerged In 20M to swgest the- world is on a path to greater F a c e and stahilify The year kssn wih viole~it protest< that erupted lroril 1ndnne5ia so Niyeria over the p~~blication of car tuwc depicting thc Pmphet Mohammed. February brought the destr~iction of Sarnarra's pdrlen-dornetl mosqzle, one of Shiite Islam'? holjcct shrines, unleashing acon- wlqiop of kiolcnce across Iraq that uontznues unaboteil. After Hezbol lah kidnapped m o I~raeli soldicrs last July, southern Cehanr~n wa\ bombarded for :i nlonth by air strike.+. sencling hundreds of rhournnds nf refugees fleeing inro nc~ghboring states. And in Ocfohrr. the reprcsslvc Nurtl~ Korean regme a v m d I ~ F way into fhe wnrld's nuclear club.

Whir make< these nlann~ng headlines a13 the more trnublinc v - 7 - . -- - . - -

is that rheir clriyin; lie in weak and ralllns srate.s. World leaden and-fkFTiead\ ofmilt i late~al fnsrfiGmUIjiely take to lec [ems to rclteralc thzir cornrni~menr ro pulling vulnernble state! bsck from thp brink. hut i t can k ddjRiicrilt to tranrlale damage control inlo viable. 1onf-tem~~1~!ti~n5~h~c?irr'e~~& - . - &&- ne&r;Aid js &en rn i< r~ ru . lcfr~rrn~ ar t many or tno few.

eSeclirivlr' needs o v e w h c l n ~ iritrr ilat ional peacekeepers. or chaos L

reigns in their ahsencc. I'he complex phenrjmcnon o f sratc failurt. may be rnuuh dis-

C I E F F ~ . bill it remain.; I i ttlc ~~r~rlcrqtocxi The roh2ems that plague #\ - hiling states arc yenern'lly all tna ~irnilaf himpant qrruptlurl,

a- -- - -preclacor)-<dites who hwe long mnrtc>p61i~ed powel: an abqenct.

o f lhe rulc of law. 'lnd <evert ethnic or religious dividons. Rr~t that does nor mran that the rrspnnfes to their pmhletn\ l h ~ u l d be cut from the qame clorh.

Few encouraging signs emerged in 2006 to suggest the world is an a path to greater peace and stability.

1;niling state\ arc n dlverw lot. l3urm;t and Ha~tr ;Ire two of . -- thz EZT'ccrmrpt ctruntne~ i n the wnrld. :~ccorrlin,c to Truaspnr- cncy Inrerna~ionnl, and ye1 Burma's repressive junta ~wrtecutec ethnic rninontiw arid \ i ~ k l t c ~ s i t > lmyuIa1ion to forced rrsettle- ment. whiite Haiti 15 wracked bv extreme pov~ny. lawlc~snzss. and urban violence. For a decade. Equatorial Guinea has poqted snme of the highest csonnmlc grrwrh in sub-Saharan Ahica,yet i t s riches have pxldctl the hank accn~bntc of afi e21tc bcw. Ant] 111 the Demrxratic Republic of thu C n n ~ o . the inahilit) of the eovrrnment to poricc IN twrden etfeu~i~ely or rnnnaFe tlr \.act n~ineral wealth has left thc country dependent pn f o r e ~ g l aid.

To provide a clearer picture of the world':: wc&usr stares. the Fund for PC.IW. an independent rc\e;lrch g r m t i o n , and

- . -- F(JRF~C;Y-.~Y p r e c ~ ~ - d i c l ~ i d annual Failed State3 End?~. - uilng 12 5=al, economic. political. and mil~tary ind~catc!rq. w e ~ a n h e ~ 177 %[ate3 in ordrr vf ' rhe i r~uf icrahi l i t~ to violent i nrernal cnnfiict :mcl qorictal deleriarat Ion. Tie iriclcx scclres are based un daf;l from lnore than TZ.mO publicly availebl~ qnnrccq

collcclcd from May to Decernbcr 2 0 0 f ~ . The 60 moxt vulnernble statcs are l is~cd I n the rankings. and fill! t.esultv <arc av:ltlablc at r ~wwForeignPo'olcycom und ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)

E? [he-se.c=oridyear tn a sow. Sudan tops fhc rank%?\ a? the .. . ,

rtatc rnoq!at risk af fiilirc. The pri~ni~r;uauce - - ot - it, ;i<tabflitv. violence in the county's western r;pG of D:irfur, i k ah well knOfn i t is tragk. At least 200.000 peoplc-ant1 p c s h a p ar ma-nj ax_400.00& have hccn killcd In the pa\t lour vcars by janl;wc$ rni1iti;lr armed hy ~ h c gorernmt*i~t. and 2 to 1 n ~ i l l ~ a n prSplF have fled rheir torched \illagcr for squalid camp< as ihe violence has spillcrl i i~tu he Cer~tral Africal~ Rcp~~hl ic and Chad. Thrce counlries were hardy pictirrrs of stah~l i~y prior to !he influx of rcfueees and sehelr across rhcir border?: tl~c Ccn- (ral African Rcpr~blic plays h07t To a ~nndern-day \lave tmtle.

ANNUAL EDITIONS

The Rankings . - - - * .-.. - - . . - - - - .

Tne column< hrchllght the 12 polrt~cal, econornle. mllrtary, arid soclal ndicatots of instablllty For each lnd~catar, the hlgiest scare (greater ~nstab~l~fly) IS In bold; ths lowest score (lesq instabildy) IS In bold and italic.

-- Indicators of Instability . -

1 113.7 Sudan 9.2 9.8 10.0 9.0 9.1 7.7 10.0 9.5 10.0 9.9 9.7 9.8 2 111.4 Iraq 9.0 9.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.0 9.4 8.5 9.7 10.0 9.8 10.0

3 I 71 . t Sornalra 9.2 9.0 8.5 7.5 9.2 10.0 l0,Q 9.7 10.0 1 10.0 4 1 10.1 Zimbabwe 9.7 8.7 8.8 9.7 9.5 10,0 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.0 7.0

5 108 R Chad 9.1 8.9 9.5 7.9 9.0 8.3 9.5 9.1 9.2 9.6 9 7 9.0 6 107.3 Ivory Coast 8,6 8.3 9.8 0.4 8.0 8 9 9.5 7.9 9.2 9.6 9.3 9.8 7 105.5 Bern. Rep. of

the Congo 9.4 8.9 8.8 7.6 9.1 8 0 8.3 8.7 8.9 9.6 8.6 9.6 8 1 02.3 Afghanistan B.5 8.g 9.1 7.0 8.0 8.3 8 8 8.0 8.2 9.0 8.5 10.0

9 101.3 Guinea 7.8 7.4 8.1 8.3 85 8.5 9.6 8.9 8.6 8.1 9.0 8.5 1 Q 101 .B Central African

Republlc 8.9 8.4 0.8 5.5 8.6 8.4 9.0 8.0 8.2 8.9 9 3 9.0 11 100.9 Haiti 8.6 4.2 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.4 9.2 9.0 S.1 9.3 9.3 9.6

72 7 00.1 Pakistan 8.2 8.5 9.0 8.1 8.5 5.0 8.7 7.1 8.7 9 5 9.5 8.5

13 97.7 North Korea 8.0 6.0 7 2 5.0 8.8 9.6 9.8 9.5 9.7 8.3 7.S 7.9

14 97.0 Burma 8.5 8.5 9.1 6.0 6.S 7.6 9.1 8.3 9.8 9.0 8.2 4.0

15 96.4 Uganda 8.1 9.4 8.5 6.0 8.5 7.5 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.3 7.8 7.4

16 95.9 Bangladesh 8.6 5.8 9.6 8 4 9.0 6.9 9.0 7.4 7.8 8 0 9.5 5.9

17 95.6 Nigeria 8.2 5-6 9.5 8.5 9.1 5.4 9.7 8.7 7.1 9.2 9.5 5.7

18 95.3 Elhiopia 9.0 7.9 7.8 7.5 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.0 8.5 7.5 8.9 6.7

19 95.2 Burundi 9.1 8.9 6.7 6.7' 8.8 6.2 7.1 8.9 7.5 6.8 7 5 90

20 94.9 Timor-Leste 8.1 8.5 7.1 5.3 6.5 8.5 9.5 7.9 6.9 9 0 8.8 8.8

2 1 93.6 Nepal 8.1 5.2 8.9 6.1 9.2 8.2 8.5 6.6 8.8 8.3 8-5 3.2

22 93.5 Uzbekistan 7.7 5.4 7.1 7.1 8.6 7.5 9,2 6.8 9.0 8.9 9.2 7.0

23 93.4 Sierra Leone 8.6 7.4 7.1 8.7 8.7 8.7 8,Q 8.0 7.0 6.5 7.7 7.C

24 93.2 Yemen 8.0 6.7 7.3 7.2 8.7 8.0 7.8 8.1 7.2 8.0 9.0 7.;

25 93-1 Sri Lanka 7.0 8.6 9.5 6.9 8.2 6.0 8.6 6.5 7.5 8.7 9.2 6.- 26 93.0 Republic of the

Congo 8.7 7.3 8.8 16.1 81 83 8.5 8.8 7.9 7.9 7.2 7. 27 92.9 Llberia 8.1 8.5 6.5 6.8 8.3 8.4 7.0 8.6 6.7 6.9 8.1 9,

28 92.4 Lebanon 6.9 5.6 9.0 7.0 7.1 6.3 7.3 6.4 7.0 9.0 8 8 9

29 92.2 Malawi 9.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 8.8 9.2 7.9 9 0 8.0 5.4 7.5 7 30 92.0 Solomon

Islands 8.5 4.8 80 5.1 8.0 8.0 8.5 8.5 7.1 7.7 8.8 5