hydrothermal mounds sediments, leg 70 (plane light). (for a

Hydrothermal mounds sediments, Leg 70 (plane light). (For a discussion, see Borella et al., this volume.)

1. Iron—manganese oxyhydroxide, Sample 570D-1-1, 14—20 cm. The outermost layer (A) is composed of opaque Fe—Mnoxyhydroxides (todorokite?); the inner orange (B) and yellow zones (C) are composed of iron oxides.

2. Manganese-oxide micronodules in smectite. Sample 506-6-1, 94—96 cm. The opaque Fe—Mn micronodules (A) found atdepth are linked by a network of opaque stringers (B). The matrix material (C) is smectite, most likely nontronite.

3. Opaque manganese micronodules (A) in a smectite matrix (B), Sample 509B-3,CC (4-6 cm). Note the indistinct andjagged boundaries around the isolated micronodules and clots, suggesting that nontronite is replacing the manganeseoxides. The area under (C) may be what is left of a stringer that once connected micronodules and has been replacedby smectite.

4. A brown oxidized surface pelagic sediment, Sample 507D-1-1, 63—64 cm. This section contains foraminifer—nannofossilooze with amorphous Fe—Mn (A) coating and infiltrating fossil foraminifers (C). Opaque manganese micronodules (B)and clots are scattered throughout the thin section.

5. A brown oxidized relict layer, Sample 506D-6-2, 3—5 cm. This thin section is taken from buried surface, brown oxidized,foraminifer—nannofossil ooze. Note the opaque Fe—Mn oxides coating and infilling fossil grains. This is very similar tothe surface oxidized layer.

6. A nontronitic mottle with nontronite infiltrating and replacing foraminifer fragments, Sample 506-6-2, 20—21 cm.Notice that the green nontronite invades and replaces the fossil grains from the exterior and interior surfaces. In manyplaces the green nontronite completely crosscuts the fossil grains.

7. Opaque infilling in granular nontronitic clay immediately beneath manganese-oxide crust layer, Sample 509B-1 -2, 143—144 cm. The fossil foraminifer (A) is partially dissolved and replaced by nontronite. The opaque infilling (B) also con-tains zones of nontronite (C), suggesting that the nontronite may be replacing the opaque infilling.

8. Partially replaced and dissolved foraminifer in hydrothermal sediment. Sample 509B-3,CC (4-6 cm). Note the greennontronite (A) crosscutting the fossil grain. The opaque envelope coating the fossil grain may be the result of boringfungi and bacteria. Scattered throughout the nontronite are patches of opaque material (manganese oxides?).

9. Hydrothermal nontronite, Sample 507D4,CC (5—7 cm). The rounded grains (A) may have been the opaque infillingof a fossil foraminifer^). Most of the original (manganese oxides?) infilling (B) has been replaced by nontronite. A littleof the original test remains in the area around (C). Notice the other isolated nodules and patches of opaque minerals.

10. A radiolarian which has been completely converted to nontronite, Sample 506-6-1, 94—96 cm. The fossil grain (A) hasbeen completely converted to nontronite and is in optical continuity with the remaining nontronite. Isolated globes andpatches of opaque minerals (B) are also present.

11. Hydrothermal smectite (Section 509B-3,CC). Note the growth pattern in the concentric and spherulitic nontronite. Theoriginal nucleus (A) has a relict opaque coating surrounding it. This in turn is surrounded by an overgrowth of nontronite(C), which again is surrounded by an opaque overgrowth or envelope. Areas E and F contain stringers of opaque manga-nese-oxide(?) clots, nodules, or pellets.

12. Multicolored nontronite with opaque (manganese oxides?) areas scattered throughout, Sample 509B-3,CC (4—6 cm).Notice the concentric or spherulitic growth pattern.

13. A nontronite overgrowth (A) on a dark-green fragmental grain (B) in a matrix of nontronite (C), Sample 507D-5-1,100-102 cm.

14. An elliptical fecal pellet which has been completely converted to nontronite, Sample 506C-2-2,130 cm. The lighter non-tronite (A) surrounding the darker nontronitic fecal pellet is apparently replacing and invading the borders (B) of thefecal pellet. The patch within the fecal pellet resembles the outline of a foraminifer fragment, which could have beeningested and incorporated into the fecal pellet before it was converted into nontronite and/or dissolved.

15. Elliptical and circular fecal pellets in hydrothermal sediments, Sample 509B-1-2, 143—144 cm. The lighter nontronite(A) appears to be invading both the elliptical (B) and circular (C) fecal pellets, which are also composed of hydrothermalsmectites.

16. Fire-red hydrothermal smectite in various stages of possible oxidation. Sample 506-6-1, 96 cm. Note the concentricgrowth rings alternating dark and light in areas (A), (B), and (C). This thin section is from a transitional hydrothermallayer (i. e., a boundary between pelagic and hydrothermal sediments).

^•y^πm&•

1 mm 0.087 mm 0.087 mm

Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME LXX

covering Leg 70 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar ChallengerBalboa, Panama to Callao, Peru

November-December, 1979

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Jose Honnorez, Richard P. Von Herzen,Timothy J. Barrett, Keir Becker, Michael L. Bender,

Peter E. Borella, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Steven C. Jones, Shun-ichiro Karato,Christine Laverne, Shaul Levi, Areg A. Migdisov,

S. Anthony Moorby, and Ed L. Schrader

SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE

Peter E. Borella

EDITOR

Rosemary Amidei

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482

By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project

This material is based upon research supported by the NationalScience Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of thisvolume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

Honnorez, J., Von Herzen, R. P. et al., 19 . Init. Repts. DSDP,70: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).

Bender, M. L., 19 . Pore-water chemistry, Sites 506-509, DeepSea Drilling Project. In Honnorez, J., Von Herzen, R. P., et al.,Init. Repts. DSDP, 70: Washington (U.S. Govt. PrintingOffice), 343-354.

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and in-dividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:

Volume 59—January, 1981Volume 60—February, 1982Volume 61—August, 1981Volume 62—December, 1981Volume 63—September, 1981Volume 66—March, 1982

April, 1983

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402

IV

Between 1872 and 1876, the H.M.S. CHAL-LENGER undertook the world's first majorOceanographic expedition. That expedition greatlyexpanded man's knowledge of the world's oceansand revolutionized his ideas about this planet earth.A century later, over the course of the past decade,another vessel, also named CHALLENGER,has continued to expand man's knowledge of theworld ocean, and has revolutionized his conceptsof how the seafloor and continents were formedand continue to change. The D/V GLOMARCHALLENGER is plying the same waters as itshistoric counterpart, seeking answers to new ques-tions concerning the history of our planet andthe life it supports. The continued advancement

-|—^ -. of knowledge about the fundamental processes-T U r ( 3 W O i Q and dynamics of the earth will lead to a greater

understanding of our planet and more intelligentuse of its resources.

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project hasbeen supported by the National Science Foun-dation, primarily through a contract with theUniversity of California which, in turn, subcon-tracts to Global Marine Incorporated for theservices of the drillship D/V GLOMAR CHAL-LENGER. Scripps Institution of Oceanographyis responsible for management of the Universitycontract.

Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National ScienceFoundation supports the scientific advisory struc-ture for the project and funds some pre-drillingsite surveys. Scientific planning is conducted underthe auspices of the Joint Oceanographic Institu-tions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES). TheJOIDES advisory group consists of over 250members who make up 24 committees, panels orworking groups. The members are distinguishedscientists from academic institutions, governmentagencies and private industry in many countries.

In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. IPOD member nations,USSR, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan,United Kingdom and France, provide partialsupport of the project. Each member nation takesan active role in the scientific planning of theproject through organization membership inJOIDES. Scientists from these countries alsoparticipate in the field work aboard the D/V

GLOMAR CHALLENGER and post-cruisescientific studies.

The first ocean coring operations for the DeepSea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968.During the ensuing years of drilling operationsin the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, theGulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec-tives that had been proposed were successfullyaccomplished. Primarily, the age of the oceanbasins and their processes of development weredetermined. The validity of the hypothesis of seafloor spreading was firmly demonstrated and itsdynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broadreconnaissance and testing the involvement of mid-oceanic ridge systems in the development of theocean basin. Later legs of the CHALLENGERSvoyages concentrated on the nature of the oceaniccrust, the sedimentary history of the passive oceanmargins, sediment dynamics along active oceanmargins and other areas of interest. The accumu-lated results of this project have led to major newinterpretations of the pattern of sedimentationand the physical and chemical characteristicsof the ancient oceans.

As a result of the continued success of the DeepSea Drilling Project, the National Science Foun-dation has presently extended the project throughfiscal year 1982. The latest contract extends theperiod of exploration of the deep ocean floorsof the world by GLOMAR CHALLENGER toa total of over 14 years.

A new dimension of scientific discovery hasbeen added to the project, the detailed study ofpaleoenvironment. With the introduction of the

hydraulic piston corer in 1979, virtually undis-turbed cores of the soft sediment layers can nowbe obtained. This technological advance, togetherwith the new pressure core barrel, has greatlyenhanced the ability of the project to study ancientocean climates as recorded by the micro floraand fauna preserved in the sedimentary layers.

These reports contain the results of initial studiesof the recovered core material and the associatedgeophysical information. The contribution toknowledge has been exceedingly large. Futurestudies of the core material over many years willcontribute much more.

People of our planet, in their daily living andwork activities will benefit directly and/or in-directly from this research. Benefits are derivedfrom the technological advances in drilling, coring,position-keeping and other areas as well as throughthe information being obtained about naturalresources and their origins. As with the originalH.M.S. CHALLENGER Oceanographic expe-dition, this second CHALLENGER expeditionwill have profound effects on scientific under-standing for many years to come.

B. SlaughterDirector

Washington, D.C.June 1981

VI

Recognizing the need in the Oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major Oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests and pro-grams in the fields of marine geology and geo-physics formed, in May 1964, the Joint Ocean-ographic Institututions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). This group—Lamont-DohertyGeological Observatory; Rosenstiel School ofMarine and Atmospheric Science, University ofMiami; the Scripps Institution of Oceanogra-

Preface Phy, University of California at San Diego; andthe Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution—expressed an interest in undertaking scientificplanning and guidance of the sedimentary drill-ing program. It was the purpose of this groupto foster programs to investigate the sedimentsand rocks beneath the deep oceans by drillingand coring. The membership of the originalgroup was later enlarged, in 1968, when theUniversity of Washington became a memberand again in 1975 when University of HawaiiInstitute of Geophysics, the Oregon State Uni-versity School of Oceanography, the Universityof Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanog-raphy, and Texas A&M University Departmentof Oceanography became members. In accord-ance with international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, the Bund-esanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffeof the Federal Republic of Germany, the CentreNational pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans ofFrance, the National Environmental ResearchCouncil of the United Kingdom, the Universityof Tokyo of Japan, and the Academy of Sci-ences of the USSR became JOIDES members.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, Columbia Uni-versity^ Lamont-Doherty Geological Obser-vatory operated a drilling program in the sum-mer of 1965 on the Blake Plateau region offJacksonville, Florida.

vn

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.

Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and Paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.

Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-

ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p.xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.

In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.

The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.

viπ

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):*

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany

University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans, Paris

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory

University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Natural Environment Research Council, London

Oregon State University, School of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

University of Washington, Department ofOceanography

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

* Includes member organizations during time of cruise.

OPERATING INSTITUTION:

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Dr. W. A. NierenbergPrincipal Investigator

Dr. M. N. A. PetersonProject Manager

Mr. Frank C. MacTernanPrincipal Engineer andDeputy Project Manager

Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist

Dr. Matthew H. SalisburyAssociate Chief Scientist forScience Operations

Dr. Russell B. MerrillAssociate Chief Scientist forScience Services

Dr. William R. RiedelCurator

Mr. Stanley T. SerockiProject Development Engineer

Mr. Barry RobsonOperations Manager

Mr. William T. SoderstromFinance Administrator

Mr. Robert OlivasLogistics Officer

Mr. Robert BowerContracts Officer

Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer

IX

Participants aboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg: Seventy

Dr. Jose HonnorezCo-Chief Scientist

School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of MiamiMiami, Florida 33149

Dr. Richard P. Von HerzenCo-Chief Scientist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

Dr. Timothy J. BarrettSedimentologist

Abt. GeochemieMineralogisches InstitutUniversitat TubingenD-7400 Tubingen 1Federal Republic of Germany

Dr. Keir BeckerGeophysicist

Marine Physical Laboratory, A-005Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Michael L. BenderInorganic Geochemist

Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island 02881

Dr. Peter E. BorellaSedimentologist and Shipboard ScienceRepresentative

Deep Sea Drilling Project, A-031Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Hans-Wolf gang HubbertenIgneous Petrologist

Institut für Petrographie und Geochemieder Universitat KarlsruheD-7500 Karlsruhe 1Federal Republic of Germany

Dr. Steven C. JonesPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Department of GeologyFlorida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida 32306

Dr. Shun-ichiro KaratoPhysical Properties Specialist

Ocean Research InstituteUniversity of TokyoNakano-ku, TokyoJapan

Dr. Shaul LeviPaleomagnetist

School of OceanographyOregon State UniversityCorvallis, Oregon 97331

Dr. Christine LaverneIgneous Petrologist

Laboratoire de GéologieUniversité de VOcéan Indien97490 Ste. Clotilde (Reunion)France

Dr. Areg A. MigdisovSedimentologist and Inorganic Geochemist

V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistryand Analytical ChemistryU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences117334 MoscowU.S.S.R.

Dr. S. Anthony MoorbyInorganic Geochemist

Department of GeologyImperial CollegeLondon SW7 2BPUnited Kingdom

Dr. Ed L. SchraderIgneous Petrologist

Department of Geology and GeographyUniversity of AlabamaUniversity, Alabama 35486

Mr. Robert KnappCruise Operations Manager


Mr. Melvin FieldsNational Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration—National Weather Service


XI

Captain Joseph A. ClarkeCaptain of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine, Inc.8369 Vickers StreetSan Diego, California 92111

Mr. James RuddelDrilling Superintendent

Global Marine, Inc.8369 Vickers StreetSan Diego, California 92111

Mr. Michael LehmanLaboratory Officer


Ms. Kathleen O'NeillCuratorial Representative

Deep Sea Drilling Project,East Coast RepositoryLamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York 10964

Mr. James PineChemist


Mr. David CollartLogging Engineer

Gearhart-Owen Wire LineP.O. Box 1258Fort Worth, Texas 76101

Ms. Odile CorreXRF Technician

Centre Océanologique de BretagneB.P. 33729273 Brest CedexFrance

Mr. Paul LaughlinElectronics Technician


Mr. Perry DempseyRe-entry Technician


Mr. Craig DootsonMarine Technician


Mr. Donald Mar seeMarine Technician


Mr. Richard MyersMarine Technician


Mr. Thomas WitteMarine Technician


Mr. Kevin ReidPhotographer


Ms. Shoshanna MermelYeoperson


Deep Sea Drilling Project Publications Staff

Principal EditorJan Blakeslee

EditorsRosemary AmideiMarian BaileySusan OrlofskyElizabeth Whalen

Production ManagerRaymond F. Silk

Production AssistantsElaine BruerMadeleine A. Mahnken

Production CoordinatorsMary A. YoungNancy Durham

Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman

IllustratorsMyrtali AnagnostopoulosVicki CypherdTommy F. HilliardElizabeth Peters (this volume)Alice N. Thompson

xii

JOIDES AdvisoryGroups *

Executive CommitteeDr. John Steele

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. James D. Baker, Jr.

University of WashingtonProfessor Dr. F. Bender

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William W. Hay

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceDr. G. Ross Heath

Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSir Peter Kent, F.R.S.

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. John A. Knauss

University of Rhode IslandDr. Ryuzo Marumo

University of TokyoDr. William A. Nierenberg

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Worth D. Nowlin, Jr.

Texas A&M UniversityDr. M. N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMonsieur Gerard Piketty

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des OceansDr. A. V. Sidorenko

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. Manik Talwani

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryPlanning CommitteeDr. John Ewing

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Helmut Beiersdorf

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Joe R. Cann

University of NewcastleDr. Joe S. Creager

University of WashingtonDr. J. Dymond

Oregon State UniversityDr. Dennis E. Hayes

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory* Membership at time of cruise.

Dr. Xavier LePichonCentre National pour I'Exploitation des Oceans

Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. David G. Moore (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr.University of Rhode Island

Dr. Noriyuki NasuUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. L. NikitinAcademy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.

Dr. William Riedel (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Wolfgang SchlagerUniversity of Miami

Dr. E. L. WintererScripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. A. Richards

Lehigh UniversityDr. R. Bennett

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. C. J. Clausen

Norges Geotekniske InstituttDr. J. Conolly

ERA North America Inc.Dr. John W. Handin

Texas A&M UniversityDr. George deVries Klein

University of IllinoisDr. I. N. McCave

University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. O. H. Pilkey

Duke UniversityDr. Peter Rothe

Geographisches Institut der Universitàt MannheimDr. Matthew H. Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

xin

Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Keith Kvenvolden

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Earl W. Baker

Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. Geoffrey Eglinton (ex-officio)

University of BristolDr. J. Gordon Erdman

Phillips Petroleum CompanyDr. Eric M. Galimov

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. John M. Hunt

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John W. Kendrick

Shell Development CompanyDr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit

University of California, Los AngelesDr. Erwin Suess

Oregon State UniversityDr. B. Tissot

Institut François du PétroleDr. Dietrich Welte

Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie, und Lagerstattendes Erdöls und der Kohle

Dr. Stan White (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. E. L. Winterer (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. M. A. Rosenfeld

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. D. W. Appleman

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. Thomas A. Davies

Middlebury CollegeDr. H. Glashoff

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. John C. Hathaway

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. A. Loeblich, Jr.

University of California, Los AngelesDr. M. S. Loughridge

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. T. C. Moore, Jr. (ex-officio)

University of Rhode IslandMr. Peter Woodbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. V. V. Zdorovenin

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Industrial Liaison PanelMr. W. A. Roberts

Phillips Petroleum CompanyMr. R. L. Adams

Conoco Incorporated

Dr. N. P. BudnikovMinistry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.

Mr. Melvin J. HillGulf Oil Corporation

Dr. Ing. Guenter PetersonDeutsche Schachtbau und Tiefbohrergesellschaft mbH

M. Gilbert RutmanSociété Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine

Mr. G. WilliamsUnited Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd.

Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Paul J. Fox

State University of New York at AlbanyDr. James L. Bischoff

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. N. A. Bogdanov

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. Robert G. Coleman

U. S. Geological SurveyDr. J. Dymond (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Rolf Emmerman

Universita! KarlsruheDr. Jean Francheteau

Centre National pour VExploitation des OceansDr. H. P. Johnson

University of WashingtonDr. Roger L. Larson

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James H. Natland (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. John Orcutt

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. M. Ozima

University of TokyoDr. John Tarney

University of BirminghamDr. M. Treuil

Institut Physique du GlobeAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Roland von Huene

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Michael Audley-Charles

Queen Mary CollegeDr. Rene Blanchet

Université de Bretagne OccidentaleDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. W. R. Dickinson

University of ArizonaDr. Y. I. Dmitriev

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.xiv

Dr. D. M. HussongHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Daniel KarigCornell University

Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Keith Kvenvolden (ex-officio)U.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Xavier LePichon (ex-officio)Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans

Dr. Thomas Shipley (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. H. W. WaltherBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Dr. Joel S. WatkinsGulf Research and Development Company

Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Robert E. Sheridan

University of DelawareDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Joseph R. Curray

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMr. John I. Ewing (ex-officio)

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionMr. John A. Grow

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. K. Hinz

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. John M. Hunt (ex-officio)

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. H. KagamiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. L. MontadertInstitut François du Pétrole

Dr. David G. Moore (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Professor V. NalivkinLiteynyi Prospect, Leningrad

Dr. D. G. RobertsInstitute of Oceanographic Sciences, Surrey

Professor Dr. E. SeiboldUniversiteit Kiel

Dr. S. SnelsonShell Development Company

Dr. J. ThiedeUniversitetet i Oslo

Dr. P. R. VailExxon Production Research Company

Advisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and Safety

Dr. Louis E. GarrisonU. S. Geological Survey

Dr. N. I. Beliy

Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. George Claypool

U. S. Geological SurveyDr. R. G. Douglas (ex-officio)

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Paul J. Fox (ex-officio)

State University of New York at AlbanyDr. H. Grant Goodell

University of VirginiaDr. Arthur E. Green

Exxon Production Research CompanyDr. J. R. Heirtzler (ex-officio)

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionMr. J. Laherrère

Compagnie François des PétrolesDr. A. E. Maxwell (ex-officio)

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. A. Mayer-Gurr

Urach, Federal Republic of GermanyDr. Robert E. Sheridan (ex-officio)

University of DelawareDr. G. D. Taylor

British Petroleum Company, Ltd.Dr. Roland von Huene (ex-officio)

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. S. White (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyAdvisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Joris M. Gieskes

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. W. B. Clarke

McMaster UniversityDr. D. S. Cronan

Royal School of Mines, LondonDr. J. Dymond (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Margaret Leinen

University of Rhode IslandDr. Frank T. Manheim

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Kenneth A. Pisciotto (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. I. D. Ryabchikov

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. Samuel M. Savin

Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Erwin Suess

Oregon State University

xv

Dr. Y. TardyLaboratoire de Pédologie et Géochimie, Toulouse

Dr. K. H. WedepohlGeochemisches Institut der Universitàt, Göttingen

Stratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. R. H. Benson

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. I. Basov

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. P. Cepek

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. D. Graham Jenkins

Open University, BuckinghamshireDr. Catherine Nigrini

La Habra Heights, CaliforniaDr. Richard Z. Poore

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. J. B. Saunders

Naturhistorisches Museum, BaselDr. J. L. Usher (ex-officio) (deceased)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDownhole Measurements PanelDr. R. Hyndman

Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, BCDr. Heinz Beckmann

Technische Universitàt ClausthalMr. R. E. Boyce (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. N. Christensen

University of WashingtonMr. A. H. Jageler

Amoco Production Research CompanyDr. D. H. Matthews

University of CambridgeDr. Yuri Neprochnov

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R..Dr. Vince Renard

Centre National pour l'Exploitation des OceansDr. A. Richards

Lehigh UniversityMr. J. R. Severns

McCulloh Oil CorporationAdvisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Robert G. Douglas

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Charles Adelseck, Jr. (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Wolfgang Berger


Dr. G. Eglinton (ex-officio)University of Bristol

Dr. James C. IngleStanford University

Dr. Hugh C. JenkynsUniversity of Oxford

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. Yves LancelotCentre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans

Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr. (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. Michael SarntheinUniversitàt Kiel

Dr. N. ShackletonUniversity of Cambridge

Dr. W. V. SliterU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Y. TakayanagiTohoku University

Dr. P. P. TimofeevAcademy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.

Dr. E. L. Winterer (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. E. J. W. Jones

University of LondonDr. Paul J. Fox (ex-officio)

State University of New York at AlbanyDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Centre National pour l'Exploitation des OceansDr. Brian T. R. Lewis

University of WashingtonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo

University of TokyoDr. Philip D. Rabinowitz (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Wolfgang Schlager (ex-officio)

University of MiamiDr. Roland Schlich

Université Louis PasteurDr. Robert E. Sheridan (ex-officio)

University of DelawareDr. A. A. Schreider

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.Dr. Roland von Huene (ex-officio)

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Wilfried Weigel

Universitàt HamburgDr. S. White (ex-officio)


XVI

Deep Sea Drilling ProjectSAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY*

Distribution of Deep Sea Drilling samples for investi-gation will be undertaken in order to (1) provide sup-plementary data to support GLOMAR CHAL-LENGER scientists in achieving the scientific objec-tives of their particular cruise, and in addition toserve as a mechanism for contributions to the InitialReports; (2) provide individual investigators withmaterials that are stored with samples for referenceand comparison purposes.

The National Science Foundation has established aSample Distribution Panel to advise on the distribu-tion of core materials. This panel is chosen in accord-ance with usual Foundation practices, in a mannerthat will assure advice in the various disciplines lead-ing to a complete and adequate study of the cores andtheir contents. Funding for the proposed researchmust be secured separately by the investigator. Itcannot be provided through the Deep Sea DrillingProject,

The Deep Sea Drilling Projects Curator is respon-sible for distributing the samples and controllingtheir quality, as well as preserving and conservingcore material. He also is responsible for maintaininga record of all samples that have been distributed,shipboard and subsequent, indicating the recipientand the nature of the proposed investigation. This in-formation is made available to all investigators ofDSDP materials as well as to other interested re-searchers on request.

The distribution of samples is made directly from oneof the two existing repositories, Lamont-DohertyGeological Observatory and Scripps Institution ofOceanography, by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to Initial Reports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute a paper toa given volume of the Initial Reports may write to theChief Scientist, Deep Sea Drilling Project (A-031),Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University ofCalifornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,U.S.A., requesting samples from a forthcomingcruise. Requests for a specific cruise should be re-ceived by the Chief Scientist two months in advanceof the departure of the cruise in order to allow timefor the review and consideration of all requests andto establish a suitable shipboard sampling program.The request should include a statement of the nature

of the study proposed, size and approximate numberof samples required to complete the study, and anyparticular sampling technique or equipment thatmight be required. The requests will be reviewed bythe Chief Scientist of the Project and the cruiseco-chief scientists; approval will be given in accord-ance with the scientific requirements of the cruise asdetermined by the appropriate JOIDES advisorypanel(s). If approved, the requested samples will betaken, either by the shipboard party if the workloadpermits or by the curatorial staff shortly followingthe return of the cores to the repository. Proposalsmust be of a scope to ensure that samples can beprocessed and a contribution completed in time forpublication in the Initial Reports. Except for rare,specific instances involving ephemeral properties,sampling will not exceed one-quarter of the volumeof core recovered, with no interval being depletedand one-half of all core being retained as an archive.Shipboard sampling shall not exceed approximately100 igneous samples per investigator; in all casesco-chief scientists are requested to keep sampling toa minimum.

The co-chief scientists may elect to have specialstudies of selected core samples made by other inves-tigators. In this event the names of these investigatorsand complete listings of all materials loaned or dis-tributed must be forwarded, if possible prior to thecruise or as soon as possible following the cruise, tothe Chief Scientist through the DSDP Staff ScienceRepresentative for that particular cruise. In suchcases, all requirements of the Sample DistributionPolicy shall also apply.If a dispute arises or if a decision cannot be reachedin the manner prescribed, the NSF Sample Distribu-tion Panel will conduct the final arbitration.Any publication of results other than in the InitialReports within twelve (12) months of the completionof the cruise must be approved and authored by thewhole shipboard party and, where appropriate,shore-based investigators. After twelve months, in-dividual investigators may submit related papers foropen publication provided they have submitted theircontributions to the Initial Reports. A paper too latefor inclusion in the Initial Reports for a specificcruise may not be published elsewhere until publica-tion of that Initial Reports for which it was intended.Notice of submission to other journals and a copy ofthe article should be sent to the DSDP Staff ScienceRepresentative for that leg.

""Revised October 1976

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2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Other Than in Initial Reports

A. Researchers intending to request samples forstudies beyond the scope of the Initial Reportsshould first obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Deep Sea Drilling Project(A-031), Scripps Institution of Oceanography,University of California at San Diego, LaJolla, California 92093, U.S.A. On the formsthe researcher is requested to specify the quan-tities and intervals of the core required, makea clear statement of the proposed research,state time required to complete and submitresults for publication, and specify the statusof funding and the availability of equipmentand space foreseen for the research.

In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be con-sidered, approval of requests and distributionof samples will not be made prior to 2 monthsafter publication of the Initial Core Descrip-tions (ICD). ICD's are required to be pub-lished within 10 months following each cruise.The only exceptions to this policy will be forspecific instances involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples can be based on theInitial Core Descriptions, copies of which areon file at various institutions throughout theworld. Copies of original core logs and dataare kept on open file at DSDP and at the Re-pository at Lamont-Doherty Geological Ob-servatory, Palisades, New York. Requests forsamples from researchers in industrial labora-tories will be handled in the same manner asthose from academic organizations, with thesame obligation to publish results promptly.

B. (1) The DSDP Curator is authorized to dis-tribute samples to 50 ml per meter of core. Re-quests for volumes of material in excess of thisamount will be referred to the NSF SampleDistribution Panel for review and approval.Experience has shown that most investigationscan be accomplished with samples 10 ml orsmaller. All investigators are encouraged to beas judicious as possible with regard to samplesize and, especially, frequency within anygiven core interval. The Curator will not auto-matically distribute any parts of the coreswhich appear to be in particularly high de-mand; requests for such parts will be referredto the Sample Distribution Panel for review.Requests for samples from thin layers or im-portant stratigraphic boundaries will also re-quire Panel review.

(2) If investigators wish to study certain prop-erties which may deteriorate prior to the nor-mal availability of the samples, they may re-quest that the normal waiting period not ap-ply. All such requests must be reviewed by theCurator and approved by the NSF SampleDistribution Panel.

C. Samples will not be provided prior to assur-ance that funding for sample studies eitherexists or is not needed. However, neitherformal approval of sample requests nor distri-bution of samples will be made until theappropriate time (Item A). If a sample requestis dependent, either wholly or in part, onproposed funding, the Curator is prepared toprovide to the organization to whom the fund-ing proposal has been submitted any informa-tion on the availability (or potential availabil-ity) of samples that it may request.

D. Investigators receiving samples are respon-sible for:

(1) publishing significant results; contribu-tions shall not be submitted for publicationprior to 12 months following the terminationof the appropriate leg;

(2) acknowledging, in publications, that sam-ples were supplied through the assistance ofthe U.S. National Science Foundation andothers as appropriate;

(3) submitting five (5) copies (for distributionto the Curator's file, the DSDP repositories,the GLOMAR CHALLENGERS library, andthe National Science Foundation) of all re-prints of published results to the Curator,Deep Sea Drilling Project (A-031), Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, U.S.A.;

(4) returning, in good condition, the remain-ders of samples after termination of research,if requested by the Curator.

E. Cores are made available at repositories forinvestigators to examine and to specify exactsamples in such instances as may be necessaryfor the scientific purposes of the sampling,subject to the limitations of B (1 and 2) and D,above, with specific permission of the Curatoror his delegate.

F. Shipboard-produced smear slides of sedi-ments and thin sections of indurated sedi-ments, igneous, and metamorphic rocks willbe returned to the appropriate repository atthe end of each cruise or at the publication of

xvπi

the Initial Reports for that cruise. Thesesmear slides and thin sections will form areference collection of the cores stored at eachrepository and may be viewed at the respectiverepositories as an aid in the selection of coresamples.

3. Reference Centers

As a separate and special category, samples will bedistributed for the purpose of establishing up to fivereference centers where paleontologic materials willbe available for reference and comparison purposes.The first of these reference centers has been approvedat Basel, Switzerland.

Data Distribution Policy

Data gathered on board D/V Glomar Challengerand in DSDP shore laboratories are available to allresearchers 12 months after the completion of eachcruise. The files are part of a coordinated computerdatabase, fully searchable and coordinated to otherfiles. Data sets representing a variety of geologic en-vironments can be arranged for researchers who maywish to manipulate the database directly.

Most data requests are filled free of charge, exceptif they are unusually large or complex and directcosts exceed $50.

When data are used for publication, the NationalScience Foundation must be acknowledged andDSDP provided with five reprints for inclusion in theDSDP index of publications and investigations. Re-quests for data should be submitted to:

Data Manager, Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of Oceanography (A-031)University of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, California 92093

Telephone: (714) 452-3526Cable Address: SIOCEAN

I. The database includes files generally availableboth in digital form on magnetic tape and asmicrofilm copies of the original observationforms.

A. Geophysical data include underway bathym-etry, magnetics, and sub-bottom profiles;bathymetry data exist both as 12-kHz and3.5-kHz records. Underway data are pro-cessed by DSDP and the Geological DataCenter at Scripps Institution of Oceanography(SIO). Seismic records are available inmicrofilm and photographic prints.

B. Physical property data obtained on boardGlomar Challenger include:

Analytical water content, porosity, anddensity

Density and porosity by Gamma Ray At-tenuation Porosity Evaluator (GRAPE)

Acoustic velocity by Hamilton FrameMethod

Thermal conductivityHeat flow (in situ)Natural gamma radiation (discontinued

after Leg 19)Well logs

C. Sediment data obtained on board ship andfrom core samples in DSDP shore labora-tories include:

Core photographsVisual core descriptionsSmear slide descriptionsX-ray diffractionX-ray fluorescenceTotal carbon, organic carbon, and carbon-

ate determinationsGrain-size determinations (sand, silt, clay)Interstitial water chemistryGas chromatography

D. Igneous rock data include:Core photographsVisual core descriptionsRock chemistryPaleomagneticsThin-section descriptions

E. Paleontologic data include fossil names,abundance, preservation, and age of sampleand are available, for selected sites, for Ter-tiary and Mesozoic taxa. Range charts can begenerated from the database, using the lineprinter. A glossary of fossil names is availableon microfiche or magnetic tape.

F. Ancillary files include:Site positionsSub-bottom depths of coresMaster Guide File (a searchable core data

summary file)

II. Additional publications, aids to research, areperiodically updated and distributed to libraries.Single copies, at no charge, are distributed onmicrofiche at 48X magnification, except for theData Datas (C, opposite), which are at 24X. Theyinclude:

A. Guides to DSDP Core Materials, a series ofprinted summaries containing maxima, min-ima, and typical values for selected observa-tions. Guides are available for each of the

xix

major ocean basins and for Phases I, II, andIII of the drilling program. The source datasummary file is also available.

B. Index to Initial Reports and SubsequentPublications and Investigations is a compre-hensive key word index to chapters of the Ini-tial Reports and to papers and investigationsin progress which cite DSDP samples or data.The Index and its annotated bibliographyserve to inform researchers of other inves-tigators working on similar projects. Eachpaper is assigned key words for field of study,material, geographic area, and geologic age.A complete citation, including the assignedkey words, is printed in the bibliography. Keywords are permuted to form a comprehensivecross-index to the author reference list.

C. Data Data, a series of informal memorandaproviding a quick reference to accessible data,is available on microfiche. Also available is asite position map to assist researchers in large-area studies. (Site positions are plotted on abathymetry map compiled by the SIOGeologic Data Center.)

D. Data Retrieval and Application ComputerPrograms to perform data management andretrieval functions and a set of programsdesigned to provide special graphic displaysof data are available; they may be of limiteduse because of differences in computer hard-ware. All current programs are written inALGOL for a Burroughs 7800 computer sys-tem. Software inquiries may be addressed tothe Data Manager.

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xxi

CONTENTS

Chapter Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1

PART I: INTRODUCTION AND SITE REPORTS

1. INTRODUCTION, PRINCIPAL RESULTS,AND EXPLANATORY NOTES, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 70 5J. Honnorez, R. P. Von Herzen, andP. E. BorellaAPPENDIX: SELECTED HYDRAULICPISTON CORES PLUS REFLECTIONPROFILES, LEG 70 27T. E. Chase, B. J. Long, P. E. Borella,J. D. Young, and B. A. Seekins

2. SITE 506 31Shipboard Scientific Party





PART II: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDIES

7. SEDIMENT LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OFTHE GALAPAGOS HYDROTHERMALMOUNDS 183P. E. Borella

8. SEDIMENT PETROLOGY OF THEHYDROTHERMAL MOUNDS 197P. E. Borella, R. Myers, and B. Mills

9. SEDIMENTOLOGY, MINERALOGY, ANDGEOCHEMISTRY OF GREEN CLAYSAMPLES FROM THE GALAPAGOSHYDROTHERMAL MOUNDS, HOLES506, 506C, AND 507D, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 70(PRELIMINARY DATA) 211J. Honnorez, A.-M. Karpoff, andD. Trauth-Badaut

Chapter Page

10. MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRYOF SEDIMENTS FROM GALAPAGOSHYDROTHERMAL MOUNDS, LEG 70,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 225V. B. Kurnosov, O. V. Chudaev, andA. Y. Shevchenko

11. HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS OF THEGALAPAGOS RIFT ZONE, LEG 70:MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRYOF MAJOR COMPONENTS 235I. M. Varentsov, B. A. Sakharov, V. A.Drits, S. I. Tsipursky, D. Y. Choporov, andV. A. Aleksandrova

12. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OFSEDIMENTS FROM SITES 506, 507, 508,AND 509, LEG 70, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT 269S. A. Moorby and D. S. Cronan

13. MAJOR AND MINOR ELEMENTS INHYDROTHERMAL AND PELAGICSEDIMENTS OF THE GALAPAGOSMOUNDS AREA, LEG 70, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT 277A. A. Migdisov, B. P. Gradusov,N. V. Bredanova, E. V. Bezrogova,B. V. Saveliev, and O. N. Smirnova

14. PARTITION GEOCHEMISTRY OFSEDIMENTS FROM HOLES 506 AND509B, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 70 297S. P. Varnavas, S. A. Moorby, andD. S. Cronan

15. URANIUM SERIES DISEQUILIBRIUMAND ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY INHYDROTHERMAL MOUND SAMPLESFROM DSDP SITES 506-509, LEG 70 ANDSITE 424, LEG 54: AN ATTEMPT ATCHRONOLOGY 303C. Lalou, E. Brichet, H. Leclaire, andJ.-C. Duplessy

16. ELEMENTAL AND STABLE ISOTOPICCOMPOSITION OF SOME METALLIF-EROUS AND PELAGIC SEDIMENTSFROM THE GALAPAGOS MOUNDSAREA, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 70 315T. J. Barrett, H. Friedrichsen, andA. J. Fleet

Page Chapter

xxii

Chapter Page

17. LEAD AND STRONTIUM ISOTOPICCOMPOSITION OF SOME METALLIF-EROUS AND PELAGIC SEDIMENTSAND BASALTS FROM THE GALAPAGOSMOUNDS AREA, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 70 325T. J. Barrett

18. THE CONCENTRATION AND ISOTOPECOMPOSITION OF SULFUR FROM THEGALAPAGOS MOUNDS AREASEDIMENTS, LEG 70, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT 333A. A. Migdisov, V. M. Belyi, N. V.Barskaja, and V. A. Grinenko

19. PORE-WATER CHEMISTRY, SITES506-509, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT 343M. L. Bender

20. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFSEDIMENTS FROM THE GALAPAGOSREGION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONSFOR HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION .. 355S. Karato and K. Becker

21. THE MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLUTIONRATES OF SYNTHETIC CALCITE ANDCALCAREOUS OOZE FROM DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT SITE 506 369H. Kutsukake

PART III: PETROLOGY, ALTERATION,PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, ANDPALEOMAGNETISM OF BASALTS

22. PETROGRAPHICAL AND CHEMICALSTUDY OF BASEMENT BASALTS FROMTHE GALAPAGOS SPREADINGCENTER, LEG 70 375C. Laverne and G. Vivier

23. GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGYOF FRESH AND ALTERED BASALTSFROM THE GALAPAGOS RIFT 391E. L. Schrader and S. H. Stow

24. GEOCHEMISTRY OF BASALTSERUPTED AT THE GALAPAGOSSPREADING CENTER BETWEEN 85AND 87°W 409R. Emmermann, H.-W. Hubberten, andH. Puchelt

Chapter Page

25. SULFUR AND SULFUR ISOTOPECONTENT OF BASALTS FROM THEGALAPAGOS RIFT (LEGS 54 AND 70) 419H.-W. Hubberten

26. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BASALTSFROM THE GALAPAGOS, LEG 70 423S. Karato

27. PALEOMAGNETISM AND ROCKMAGNETISM OF SUBMARINE BASALTSFROM THE GALAPAGOS SPREADINGCENTER NEAR 86°W 429S. Levi

28. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BASALTSFROM THE GALAPAGOS SPREADINGCENTER: A CORRELATION BETWEENBASALTS FROM THE GALAPAGOS RIFTAND THE COSTA RICA RIFT 437T. Furuta

PART IV: GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS

29. GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS FROMDRILLING OF SEDIMENTS NEAR THEGALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER,86 °W, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 70 445K. Becker, R. P. Von Herzen, andS. Karato

30. HYDROTHERMAL MOUNDS ANDYOUNG OCEAN CRUST OF THEGALAPAGOS: PRELIMINARY DEEPSEA DRILLING RESULTS 459J. Honnorez, R. P. Von Herzen,T. J. Barrett, P. E. Borella, S. A. Moorby,S. Karato, and Remainder of the Leg 70Shipboard Party

BACK-POCKET FOLDOUTS

CHAPTER 1, PLATE 1. UNDERWAY SEISMICREFLECTION PROFILES—LEG 70

T. E. Chase, B. J. Long, P. E. Borella,J. D. Young, and B. A. Seekins

CHAPTER 1, PLATE 2. SELECTEDHYDRAULIC PISTON CORES—LEG 70

T. E. Chase, B. J. Long, P. E. Borella,J. D. Young, and B. A. Seekins

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The successful program of mounds drilling on Leg 70 obvi-ously depended entirely on the expertise provided by the offi-cers and crew of the D/V Glomar Challenger, operated byGlobal Marine, Inc. under contract to the University of Cali-fornia. The nearly flawless operation of the hydraulic pistoncorer, developed at the Deep Sea Drilling Project, was alsocrucial to our success. We thank all of the members of theDeep Sea Drilling Project shipboard technical staff for theirdedication to the achievement of our scientific aims. Mr.Robert Knapp, DSDP Operations Manager for Leg 70, pro-vided the valuable expertise required for the smooth function-ing of a complex operation.

We are grateful to James Hall and the JOIDES OceanCruise Panel for initiating and sponsoring this program.