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Researсh and teaching laboratory

«Hydrological and technical safety of hydraulic structures»

Construction of Boguchansk HPP (3000 MW) in Siberia (August 2007)

– one of the main project of our research

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Main aim of Laboratory “Hydrological and Technical Safety” of Hydraulic

Structures (HydroLab)

HydroLab is intended for teaching or training of students of our Department for Bachelors of Engineering and Masters of Science in principal subjects and courses of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering as well as for involvement of students in their research activity in the hydroproject planning, design and safe operation of hydraulic structures and dams.

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Principal research areas

• 1. Numerical and physical (model) investigations of hydrological, hydraulic, static and seismic safety of dams and weirs.

• 2. Numerical analyses of the stability and stress-strain state of the embankment dams and slopes under action of static and seismic loads.

• 3. Numerical analyses of static and seismic stability and strength of roller compacted concrete dams as an effective method for the optimizing profiles of these dams on rock and soil foundations.

• 4. Analytical and model investigations of hydraulic regimes of weirs, spillways and outlets and и their water flow interaction with the downstream.

• 5. Model and numerical studies of streams interaction with deformable river beds (channel deformations and scour, erosion of river beds, banks and estuaries).

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Professional activity areas

• 1. Experimental studies on physical models, flumes and units for

principal subjects and courses (Fluid Mechanics, Hydrology,

Engineering Hydraulics, Hydraulic Structures and Dams, etc.) for

bachelor and master study programs of Department of Hydraulics

and Hydraulic Structures.

• 2. Numerical simulation or modeling of performance of hydraulic

structures under action of static and seismic loads (in the frame of

principal subjects and courses of bachelor and master programs

with the use of educational and commercial software programs, see

table 1).

• 3. Computer modeling of dam safety: dam-break or breach wave

and moving this wave in the downstream area (for master programs,

see table 2).

• 4. Experimental and numerical modeling to provide testing and

training graduates and postgraduates of Department for specialities

Hydraulic Engineering, Engineering Hydraulics and Hydrology.

• 5. Contractual and state-supported investigations for principal

research areas of HydroLab.

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Important research and design achievements • 1. Participation in hydraulic and geotechnical researches for design of high dams and

large hydropowerplants: Boguchansk (80m, 3000 MW, Russia), Nurek (300m, 2700 MW) and Rogun (335m, 3600 MW) in Tadzhikistan, Terhi (261m, 2200 MW) in India.

• 2. Analyses and design of large dams: Guavio rockfill dam with clay core (RFCC, H=245m) and Miel RCC dam (188m) in Colombia); Marcabeli concrete face rockfill (CFR) dam (192m), Salve-Faccha RFCC dam (48m), Chongon eartfill dam (55m), Sorocucho earthfill dam (30m) in Ecuador; Djedra CFR dam (60m) in Algeria, etc.

• 3. New two-phases visco-plastic model of asphaltic concrete (AC) was developed and used for stress-strain state analysis and technical safety assessment of Boguchansk rockfill dam (under initial construction in Siberia) with liquid and compacted AC.

• 4. New software program (PL-STRESS) of coupled analysis of stress-strain state and consolidation of elasto-plastic soils of embankment dams and its foundations, which were used in design of some embankment dams in Russia and abroad.

• 5. New technological and safety structures of very lean RCC dams of symmetrical profile (new variant of “Hardfill” dams) and concrete face rockfill dams with very lean RCC transition zones were developed and used in design of some of these dams on soft rock and dense soil foundations in Russia and abroad.

• 6. New structures of high-head shaft spillway tunnels of vortex type were developed and used in the design of Rogun HPP in Tadzhikistan and construction of Tehri HPP in India.

• 7. New scientific results were received for formation of channel forms, caused by kinematic structures acting in stream flows.

• 8. Environmental technologies, treatment and utilization of technogeneous wastes of operation of thermal power plants (active & inactive flay-ash) in filling & consolidation grouting of hydraulic and transport tunnels and construction of RCC dams.

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List of software programs for analyses of hydraulic and underground structures. Table 1

Code and software program name Program owner,

its status

Operational environment (prio/post-processor treatment)

Programs’

Users

UST – Static and seismic analyses of stability of embankment dam slopes

NIIES Institute

(Russia), free access

DOS (available) Bachelors

NLSTRESS (Nonlinear stress analysis) Analyses of stress-strain state of embankment dams with the use of hyperbolic models of soils

Lyapichev Yu.P.

(RUDN), free access

DOS (data input in notebook, treatment of analysis results by Surfer)

Bachelors,

Masters

Software package CADAM Analyses of static and seismic stress-strain state and stability of concrete gravity dams

ITASCA (USA) and

Technical University

of Montreal (Canada),

free access

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters

Software package Visual ModFlow Analysis of steady and unsteady seepage in soil foundations and embankment dams

Schlumberger (Germany), licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package PLAXIS B.V. Analyses of stress-strain state , stability and seepage in embankment dams and underground structures

PLAXIS (Holland),

licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters

Software package FLAC-5(2D) Analyses of static and seismic stress-strain state, stability , consolidation and seepage in embankment dams and natural slopes

ITASCA (USA),

licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package FLAC/Slope Analyses of static and seismic stability of slopes of embankment dams and natural slopes

ITASCA (USA),

licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package ADINA Analyses of static and seismic stress-strain state, stability and seepage in embankment dams and natural slopes

ADINA (USA),

licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-proccessor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Masters,

Postgraduates

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Code and software program name

Program owner,

its status

Operational environment (prio/post-processor treatment

Programs’

Users

Software package MIKE-11.

One-dimensional (1D) analyses of

hydraulic and hydrological flood passing

(including breakthrough wave) and

consequences of their actions in the

downstream zone

DHI Water and

Environmental

(Denmark), licensed

Windows 98/XP

(prio/post-processor

treatment, visualization,

printing of data)

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package MIKE-21

Two-dimensional (2D) analyses of

hydraulic and hydrological flood passings

and consequences of their actions in the

upstream zone

Компания DHI Water

and Environmental

(Denmark), licensed

Windows 98/XP

(prio/post-processor

treatment, visualization,

printing of data)

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package CADAM.

Analyses of static and seismic stress-strain

state and stability of concrete gravity

dams

ITASCA (USA) and

Technical University of

Montreal (Canada),

free access

Windows 98/XP

(prio/post-processor

treatment, visualization,

printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters

Software package Visual ModFlow

Analysis of steady and unsteady seepage

in soil foundations and embankment dams

Schlumberger

(Germany),

licensed

Windows 98/XP

(prio/post-processor

treatment, visualization,

printing of data)

Bachelors,

Masters,

Postgraduates

Software package FLAC-5 (2D). Analyses

of static and seismic stress-strain state,

stability, consolidation and seepage in

embankment dams and natural slopes

ITASCA (USA),

licensed

Windows 98/XP (prio/post-processor treatment, visualization, printing of data)

Masters,

Postgraduates

List of software programs for safety assessment of hydraulic structures. Table 2

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Innovation equipment (UK): • Large hydraulic flume Armfield S6-MkII for academic and

research studies of dynamics of turbulent streams and

hydraulics of spillways and outlets with the set of removable

models of spillways and outlets;

• Installation for studies of movable channels and vizualisation of

streams (S2-4М-А);

• Installation for studies of hydrological and channel processes

(S12-MKII-50-A) with the set of removable models;

• Installation for studies of the pluvial flood hydrograph (S10-A);

• Drainage-seepage stand (S1-А);

• Channel flume for studies and demonstration of channel

deformations (S8-MKII-A);

• Installation for studies of regimes of subsurface soil waters

(S11-A);

• Stand for studies of main processes of sedimentaion (W2-A);

• Vibration system (CS-18 VLF);

• Low-frequency ultrasonic defectoscope (А1220);

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Large hydraulic flume Armfield S6-MkII (UK) for academic and research

studies of dynamics of turbulent streams and hydraulics of spillways and outlets

Model of round-crested spillway Model of spillway with V-type cut

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LIST OF LABOLATORY TASKS IN HYDRAULIC FLUME S6-MKII Task 1. Research of characteristics of the water flow underneath the gate of

spillway

Task 2. Loads on flat sliding gate (definition of dependency between the upstream head and thrust pressure on the gate for water flow underneath the gate)

Task 3. Critical depth of water flow - development of formula of specific energy of the flow (definition of dependence between specific energy and the upstream head for water flow from the spillway with a sharp edge)

Task 4. Hydraulic jump (study characteristics of hydraulic jump for the flow under the spillway with sharp lower edge)

Task 5. Research of characteristics of flow over rectangular spillway with sharp upper edge (definition of dependency between the upstream head and water discharge through the spillway with sharp upper edge)

Task 6. Research of characteristics of flow through a triangular notched spillway with a thin wall (definition of dependency between the upstream head and water discharge through this spillway with a thin wall)

Task 7. Research of characteristics of flow through the spillway with a wide sill with a sharp entrance edge (definition of dependency between the upstream head and water discharge through the spillway with a wide sill)

Task 8. Research of characteristics of flow through the spillway with a wide sill with a smooth entrance edge (definition of dependency between the upstream head and water discharge through the spillway with a wide sill)

Task 9. Research of characteristics of flow through the Venturi flume (definition of dependency between the upstream head and water discharge through the Venturi flume)

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• Task 10. Research of characteristics of flow through the round-crested spillway (definition of water pressure on spillway surface and dependencies between water head and discharge)

• Task 11. Research of characteristics of flow through the spillway concrete dams (determination of flow regime on spillway for its conjugations with downstream) Task 12. Research of characteristics of flow through the siphon spillway (definition of dependency between water head and discharge through the spillway, calculation of discharge coefficient and observation of the siphon work)

• Task 13. Research of characteristics of flow through the automatic siphon spillway (definition of dependency between water head and discharge through the spillway, discharge coefficient and siphon work)

• Task 14. Research of characteristics of flow through the gravel channel (study of influence of rough channel on the flow depth for different water discharges and obtaining of the appropriate roughness coefficient by the Manning formula)

• Task 15. Research of characteristics of flow through the gravel channel (study of influence of corrugated channel on the flow depth for different water discharges and obtaining of the appropriate roughness coefficient by the Manning formula)

• Task 16. Research of characteristics of flow around cylindrical vertical pile (study of influence of water discharge and Reynolds number on flow regimes around the pile)

• Task 17. Research of hydraulic rise and flow resistance on three models (definition of hydraulic resistance on three models and definition of flow on the aerodynamic model) Task 18. Research of characteristics of flow through the triangular spillway (definition of dependency between upstream water head and discharge through the spillway, modular limit and observation of received regimes)

• Task 19. Research of characteristics of flow through the Parshal flume and comparison of measurement results with standard control diagrams)

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№1. Channel flume for studies of channel №2. Installation for studies of movable

deformations (S8-MKII-A) channels and vizualisation of

streams (S2-4М-А)

№3. Drainage-seepage stand (S1-А)

№4. Installation for studies of

pluvial flood hydrograph (S10-A)

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№5. Installation for studies of regimes of subsurface soil waters (S11-A) №6. Installation for studies of hydrological and channel processes (S12-MKII-50-A) with the set of removable S12-models №7. Stand for studies of main processes of sedimentaion (W2-A)

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Students of Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Structures become familiar with the new equipment of the HydroLab

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Students of Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Structures

become familiar with the new equipment of the HydroLab

Lyapichev Yu. P. Hydraulic Structures Program curriculum of the subject «Hydraulic Structures»:

• The program "Hydraulic Structures" provides an overview of dams and hydraulic structures (HS), the peculiarities of their behavior. The HS classification is considered, as well as, the basic normative documents of their design, main types of general layouts of low and medium head hydro-schemes, methods of river deviation during construction of these hydro-schemes, loads acting on dams and HS, stages of their design, assessment of HS environmental impacts.

• The types of bottom slabs of concrete dams on soil and soft semi-rock foundations, fundamentals of analyses of pressure seepage under the foundation slabs of concrete dams, layout schemes of upstream aprons, drainages, cutoffs and curtain trench walls in the foundation of bottom slabs of concrete dams, their impact on the uplift pressure and seepage gradients. The seepage analyses in soil and soft semi-rock foundations by methods of elongated contour line, electro-hydrodynamic analogy, seepage resistance coefficients, hydro-mechanical and numerical methods; general and local seepage strength of foundation soils, types of seepage deformations in foundation soils.

• Concrete spillways and weirs on soil and soft semi-rock foundations, schemes of their underground contour and its elements, seepage output devices in the downstream zone. The definition of the width of spillway and weir, of their piers, water head on the crest or sill of spillway and weir. The main types and protection elements in the downstream zone (stilling pool and baffle, energy dissipators, downstream apron, armoring surface of plunge pool). Structures of concrete dams (spillway and weir strength of concrete dams on soil and soft semi-rock foundations, the use of rolled compacted concrete (RCC) in these concrete dams.

• Earthfill and rockfill dams (their general classification, requirements for dam soil materials, their principal physical-mechanical properties). Prediction of design geotechnical characteristics of clay, sand and gravel dam materials. Earthfill (embankment) dams (their classification and structures, slope protections and their choice, drainages and filters and their choice). Computations of parameters of wave actions on the upstream slopes of earthfill and rockfill dams, freeboard of these dams, protections of their upstream slopes against wave actions. Seepage computations for earthfill dam on waterproof and permeable foundation by method of the electro-hydrodynamic analogy and numerical method. General and local seepage strength of these dams on permeable soil foundations, types of seepage deformations in these dams and their foundations. Rockfill dams (their structures, rip-rap protections of upstream slopes; clay cores, filters, transition and rockfill zones, methods of interface between clay cores and permeable foundation). Computations of consolidation (pore water pressures) and settlements in clay cores of rockfill dams during their construction and filling of reservoir. Terzaghi’s, Bishop’s and NIIES (UST) methods of static analyses of slopes of rockfill dams.

• Earthfill dams with the upstream face of asphaltic concrete (AC) (composition and physical-mechanical properties of AC), structures of these dams, interface between these dams and their permeable soil foundations, the use of geomembrane as an upstream face and geotextile as a drainage in these dams, the use of conventional and RCC in these dams for safe overflow of the peak flood over the crest of these dams.

• Surface shore spillways (chutes, conduit spillways, eroding earth fuse, types of approach canals, spillway heads, transition and downstream zones. The hydraulic calculations and structures of the shore spillway chute and conduit spillway in the body of the eartfill dams (the conditions of their use, types of spillway heads, transition and downstream zones, interface between these spillways and earthfill dam). 16

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Lyapichev Yu.P. Hydrological and technical safety of hydraulic structures Program curriculum of the subject:

• The main causes of accidents of embankment and concrete dam in terms of time of their construction in

different countries (as per statistics of the International Commission on Large Dams), examples of the

accidents and failure of large dams with great economic and social damage.

• Fundamentals of the methodology of level of safety assessment of Hydraulic Structures (HS), the structure

of the safety factors, tables for ranked assessment of factors and level of safety of HS. The methodology is

intended for deterministic assessment of the possible risk of accidents and state of HS during their operation

and it is used for the preparation of safety declarations of HS and for their observations.

• Fundamentals of the methodology for determining the criteria of safety assessment of HS including the

determination of criteria values of diagnostic indicators of their state during operation, prognostic mathematical

models of HS, fixing procedure and clarification of criteria of their safety at the stages of design and operation.

• Detailed features of the determination of criteria values of the various diagnostic indicators of concrete and

earthfill dams: their settlements and horizontal displacements, cracking of impermeable elements of earthfill

dams, seepage strength and discharges in these dams and their foundation. Examples of determination of

criteria values of diagnostic indicators of concrete and earthfill dams of Votkinsk hydropower plant on Volga.

• Fundamentals of the probability analyses for quantitative assessment of the safety of dams (analysis of the

degree of risk of dam accidents), formulations of mathematical models of probability of dam accidents.

• Fundamentals of the method of analysis of the dam-break wave: Selection of the scenario of dam accident,

the method of analysis of the dam-break wave, input data for the modeling of the wave, the use of software

programs for analysis of the dam-break wave and its propagation in downstream zone.

• Fundamentals of the methodology for determining approximate and extended assessment of the economic ,

social and environmental damages caused by the dam-break wave (dam failures), the detailed example of

the extended assessment of these damages.

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Staff of researсh and teaching laboratory (HydroLab)

«Hydrological and technical safety of hydraulic structures»

• - Research Manager - Prof., Dr. (Techn. Sc.) Lyapichev Yury

• - Administrative manager - associate Prof., (PhD) Ponomarev Nikolai

• - Staff members: Prof., Dr. (Techn. Sc) Argal, associate professors (PhD): Elfimov, Sinichenko, Grischuk, Ryghankova; assistant Kumerov and some advanced graduates students.

• HydroLab consists of three experimental (№1-3) and two analytical (№4-5) groups and one (№6) group of measuring and computing devices:

• Engineering, River and Constructional Hydraulics, Channel Deformations and Scour.

• Hydraulic Structures (Spillways and Weirs, Eartfill and Concrete Dams).

• Hydrology and Water Engineering, Hydro-Ecology.

• Computer Modelling of Static and Seismic (Dynamic) Resistance and Strength of Dams, Hydraulic Structures and Special Underground Structures.

• Computer Modelling of Safety of Dams and Hydraulic Structures: Dam-Break or Breach and its spreading in down-stream zone.

• Instrumentation and computer treatment of experiment results.

• Analytical (№4-5) groups besides their principal tasks can also perform computer (numerical) modelling of experimental studies on physical model made by three experimental (№1-3) groups 1-3.

Contact information

• 117923 - Moscow, Ordjonikidze str., 3, Engineering Faculty, Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Structures, HydroLab “Safety of Hydraulic Structures”.

• Research Manager - Prof., Dr. (Techn. Sc.) Lyapichev Yury (mobile phone: +7-910-4913416;

e-mail: lyapichev@mail.ru).