Hydrocarbon with ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon oftwo or greater…

Found in three physical states1. Coal solid 2. Petroleum liquid 3. Syn-fuels semi viscous 4. Natural Gasgaseous

Next to water, it is the most common substance known in the earth’s crust.

WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS?

The present Biogenic Theory is that:• Marine biota collects on the sea floor and decomposes• The decomposed organic matter is becomes layered• The layers apply increasing pressure to the organic matter• The matter continues to break down into hydrocarbons

FROM WHERE DO FOSSIL FUELS COME?

The Biogenic theory for the origins is in question due toobservations made in recent history

1. Hydrocarbons (Petroleum) have been extracted from earth levels deeper than known marine bed

2. Hydrocarbon compounds are found in space debriswhere there are no comparable marine environments

3. Hydrocarbons have been observed in river flows and ocean sized basins on Jupiter’s moons

An alternative Abiogenic theory posits that hydrocarbonsare formed are part of geologic process in deep crustformation, or an atmospheric process of planet development.

ALTERNATIVE THEORIES

The simplistic answer is that it is found in specific locationsthrough out the world:

Greatest Oil Reserves by Country, 2005RankCountryProved reserves (billion

barrels)

1. Saudi Arabia 261.92. Canada 178.83. Iran 125.84. Iraq 115.05. Kuwait 101.56. United Arab Emirates 97.87. Venezuela 77.28. Russia 60.09. Libya 39.010.Nigeria 35.3

WHERE IS FOSSIL FUEL FOUND?

A map might look like this one …

A MAP

Nation State Bn ^3m Percent • Russia 48 26.7%• Iran 28 15.3%• Qatar 26 14.4%• Saudi Arabia 7 3.8%• United Arab Emirates 6 3.3%• USA 5 2.9%• Nigeria 5 2.8%• Algeria 4 2.5%• Venezuela 4 2.2%• Iraq 3 1.7%

World Total 180 100.0%

WHERE IS NATURAL GAS FOUND?

Nation State Bn tons Percent

1. USA 247 27%2. Russia 157 17%3. China 114 12%4. India 92 10%5. Australia 78 9%6. South Africa 49 5%7. Ukraine 34 4%8. Kazakhstan 31 3%9. Poland 14 2%10.Brazil 10 1%

World 909 100.0 %

WHERE ARE COAL DEPOSITS FOUND?

Oil is found in underground reservoirs surrounded by rocks that folded, faulted or pinched.

Courtesy Institute of PetroleumOil reservoir rocks (red) and natural gas (blue)

are trapped by folding (left), faulting (middle) or pinching out (right).

A CLOSER LOOK AT OIL

A better question might render a better answer. “How much is the interested party willing to spend to acquire it?”

With this question we get a different picture.

HOW MUCH OIL IS THERE?

A better map might look like this one …

A MAP

Oil Shale 2.6 Tn barrelsTar Sands (& Bitumen) 3.6 Tn barrels

Methane Hydrates 1800 Bn ^3 m

ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL PETROLEUM

Non Renewable EnergiesNuclear EnergyEnergy Conservation

Renewable EnergiesGeothermal 250 quadsOcean Thermal 250 quads Solar Thermal 850 quadsBiodiesel Farms 850 quadsHydroelectric 2000 quads Wind 5000 quads

ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS