hydro electric project-basic layout for francis, as per is,usbr and other standards
TRANSCRIPT
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Input data
Input data to be entered here
Power house type surface type
Installed capacity 450.0000
%overload 0.1500
Power Generation
Max
517500 kW
No of units 3
Discharge 129.13 cumecs
Type of turbine Vertical
Francis 129.13
Type of Generator decided later
MDDL 1948.00 m
MRL 838.70 m
NRL/FRL 1956.00 m
NTWL 1953.30 m
Min TWL 1806.54
Max TWL 1808.36
Pressure Rise 35.00%
rated kVA 166666.667 rated
Generator Output
kVA
191666.67 max
Generation Voltage 13.8000 kv
Rated Frequency 50.0000
Power factor 0.90 lag
Losses 16.5
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Power house surface type
Power Generation max 517500.0000 kW
No of units 3.0000
Discharge 129.1300 cumecs
Type of turbine Vertical Francis
MDDL 1948.0000 m1hpU.S =kw 0.7457
MRL 838.7000 m 1hpmetric =hpU.S 1.0140
NRL/FRL 1956.0000 m
Min TWL 1806.5400 m
Max TWL 1808.1400
Gross Head 149.4600
Design Head (hd) 128.5700
Max Net Head 149.4600 m
Min Net Head 118.8600Critical Head 149.4600 loss at no
load
Pressure Rise allowed 35.00% % loss at
design load
10.6900
Generator Output kVA 166666.6667 kVA loss at
overload
21.0000
Generation Voltage 13.8000 kV
Rated Frequency 50.0000 Hz
Power factor 0.9000 lag
this sheet is incom lete, when com lete, I ll u load full version, contact me at uleria.b@ mail.comThe calculations for Turbine are based on 'Modern trends in selectin and desi nin Francis Turbine'b
Conversions used
head loss details
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Turbine Output Power(Pd)
Pd=Pd= 240579.3214 hp metric
Trial Specific speed (ns') 2334/(hd)^.5 205.8406 rpm
Trial S nchronous s eed (n')Therefore, n' 181.7 rpm
Now, Pole (P) 33.0236 nos.So, the nearest oles 36.0000 36.0000do iterations here.
166.67 rpm
Hmax 149.4600
Hmin 118.8600
16.25% to 7.55% (-)
36.0000
166.67
The no of Poles= 36.0000
Pole pairs= 18.0000
Desi n-S ecific S eed Ns or (N*P ^.5)/(h ^1.25) 189
Year S ecific s eed1970-75 1671965-69 1561960-64 142
As per de Siervo & de Leva, there is tendency for going towards higher specific speeds in recent times and
Therefore, Synchronous speed for IN RPM
Increase in specific speed, lowers the size of machine in case of large machine and power house size however in smaller
rpm (specific speed)A study paper was presented by de Siervo & de Leva Modern trends in designing Francis TurbinesCorrelation of sp speed ns=
3470*Hd^-0.625
3250*Hd^-0.625
2959*Hd^-0.625
n' * h5/4
/ P1/2
formula fails here when poles are
even. Use the nearest poles.
Therefore, S nchronous s eed (n)
Since, head variation is
Therefore referred ole m/c is
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
(Output Power*hpmetric)/(hpU.S * Efficiency of Generator)
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RUNNER:-
3 0.0211(ns2/3
) i.e. 0.6945
Dischar e DiameterD 84.47* * (H)^.5/n 3.99
D3 As per Warnick D3=(26.2+0.211*Ns)(H^.5)/n 4.49
D3 As per Siervo Ku=0.31+2.5*10-3*Ns 0.7821
D3=(84.5*Ku*(H)^.5)/n 4.50
As per Warnick
Dm (66.76+0.136Ns)*(H)^.5/n 6.29
D1 D3*(0.4+94.5/Ns)
D1 4.0458 m
D2 D3/(0.96+0.000386*Ns)
D2 4.3500 m
H1 D3*(0.094+0.000025*Ns)
0.4436 m
H2 D3/(3.16-.0013*Ns)
1.5416 m
Shaft :- Dia as per USBR
Shaft diameter 2.54*(70*Pd/n)1/3 i.e. 118 cm
Flange diameter 1.75*shaft dia. i.e. 207 cm
Flange thickness 0.22*shaft dia i.e. 26 cm
Weight of Runner :- Wkg 607*(Dmax)2.75 i.e. 95342 kg
Turbine Weight:- Wkg 15175*(Dmax)2.33 i.e. 1101085 kg
Turbine Spiral Case:-
a)
Ve 0.22(2ghd)1/2 i.e. 11.0495 m/sec.
b)
As per USBR
The water velocity in the casing when measured tangentially should be 22% of spouting
Entrance diameter Penstock dia.(2.92m)
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c)
A D3*(1.2-19.5/Ns) 4.9276 m
B D3*(1.1+54.8/Ns) 6.2463 m
C D3*(1.32+49.25/Ns) 7.1027 m
D D3*(1.50+48.8/Ns) 7.9007 m
E D3*(0.98+63.60/Ns) 5.9165 m
F D3*(1+131.4/Ns) 7.6197 m
G D3*(0.89+96.5/Ns) 6.2950 m
HD3*(0.79+81.75/Ns)
5.4947 mI D3*(0.1+.00065*Ns) 1.0007 m
L D3*(0.88+.00049*Ns) 4.3696 m
M D3*(0.60+.000015*Ns) 2.7085 m
Semi spiral case:-
1) Va = q/a
2)
= -
2
A = at 0 or 1.115 in basic la out
K = A - at 0 /2
= angle of turn expressed in radian at 135 with in the basic layout. =0.5 & =2.356 giving K = 0.1108
q = diminish in proportion to remaining stay ring
a = cross sectional area
0.7coefficient of contraction from intake o enin to casin entrance
0.3 * height of the opening
0 of semi-spiral
( = distance from center of unit to neat line of large
Dimensions of spiral case (IN METRE)
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Recommended Draft Head:- Z = Hs + b
Hs = Hb - hcr
Hb = Ha - Hv
= ns
1.64
/50327i.e. 0.1074
Therefore, = 0.1074
Also, Ha :- El.765
EL.500m = 9.7510 EL.1000m= 9.1800 9.4484
Hv :- at 15C= 0.1740 at 20C= 0.2390Hb = Ha - Hv i.e. 9.2094
Hb = 9.2094
Now, HS = Hb - *hcr i.e. -6.8398
HS = -6.8398
Z = Hs + b b = 0.9435
Therefore, Z = -5.8962
-6.000.1800
>
b = vertical distance from centreline of spiral or case to D2 or min. runner diameterHs = Static draft head in meter
The value ofb is acc. to fig.17, USBR or page111 of Warnick and is 21% of D3
Total Draft Head means that C/L of Distributor is above/below Min. TWL by (meter)from fig.17(USBR), the Plant sigma
hcr = max. head at which turbine may be operated = cavitation factor
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Draft Tube parameters
N D3*(1.54+203.3/Ns) 11.7600 4950 m cone ht
O D3*(0.83+140.7/Ns) 7.0772 2900 m 4.6828
P D3*(1.37-0.00056*Ns) 5.6803 2600 m 6.2244
Q D3*(0.58+22.6/Ns) 3.1437 1400 m
R D3*(1.6-0.0013/Ns) 7.1888 3400 m
S D3*Ns/(-9.28+0.25*Ns) 22.3696 9900 m
T D3*(1.50+0.00019*Ns) 6.9007 3300 mU D3*(.51-0.0007*Ns) 1.6976 700 m
V D3*(1.10+53.7/Ns) 6.2201 2800 m 0.8651
Z D3*(2.63+33.8/Ns) 12.6209 5600 m
Governor Capacity:-
1)
FYM = 34*(hwh*Dg*I)1.14
where
5.0322water hammer= 0.3500 52.3110 m
Here, hwh = 201.7710 m 20.1771
FYM= 91073.2854 kgm
2) Hydraulic Thrust:-
therefore, FH = 415427.7603 kg
Turbine Performance:-
where n is rotational speed
WR2
is roduct of wei ht of rotatin arts
The value of Dg can be approximated from USBR EM 20, fig15 wicket gate circle diameter,D =
Accordin to formula iven in fi .23 h draulic thrust is F =10.02*n1/2
*D2*H
Flywheel Effect is conveniently referrred as startup time for unit:
= W2 2
*
P is turbine full gate capacity
Dimension in terms of turbine runner diameter,D3 and specific speed,Ns (as per Warnick)
Wicket gates servomotors capacity:-
I = wicket gate height,hwh = maximum head,including water hammer
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Turbine WR2 24213*( Pd/n^1.5)^ 1.25 2151.6574
8803493.8671
2 15000* (kVA/n^1.5)^1.25 If onl Generator
3446956.4034 3446956.4034
Combined Inertia is 12250450.2704 3791652.0437Machine startup time 21.1114 6.5342
Tm= WR2n2/(67000*P) 21.0000
Water Column Startup time is Tw= Sum of(LV)/(gH) specific of project manual input
Sum of LV
Tw= 0.7600
Tm=>2Tw2
2Tw2 1.0000 satisfied not satisfied
The stability criteria is satisfied
Speed rise:-
Tf= 8.0000 manual input
Tk=0.25 + Tf 8.2500
Tk/Tm= 0.3929
Sr= 26.0000
Tw= 0.7600
K= Tw/Tf
K= 0.0950
S'r= Sr*(1+k)
28.4700
28.0000
However, the surge shaft location may be shifted to away by about 140m or the machine size may be reduced. The machine
The servomotor full closing and opening time has been assumed under:
Speed rise Sr in % of rotational speed can be derived from Fig 24,USBR EM 20
The s eed rise in this turbine
these calculations here are as per
10% for turbine
The machine inertia Tm has stabilisin effect whereas the water column (here in terms of time) Tw has destabilisin
Alternatively, Hadley (Guthrie & Brown) has also mentioned a criteria Tm=3Tw and can be used.
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n/n is speed rise. speed rise assumed to be= 30.00% pressure
rise
K= 0.8660
Tf=
K*(1+h)3/2= 1.2248
(n/n+1)2-1= 0.6900
11.8303
Run away Speed
Nr/N= 0.63*Ns^0.20
1.7970
Or 90% above normal speed. Nr= 712.5000
Nmax Nr*(Hmax/Hd)^0.5
768.2057
768.0000 r m
= *3/2
-
K is variation of overnor coefficient with s ecific s eed and is iven b Table 10.2 from Warnick or Hadle .
h is variation in ressure rise and ressure dro with servomotor o enin and closin time Hadle 1970.
* +
* +
2
-
Hence the selection of Governor closin time of 8 sec is correct, in view of the ressure rise and s eed rise
Maximum runawa s eed is
Alternativel the overnor closin time is also iven b ex ression Hadle 1970 :
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GENERATOR
Parameter Formula calculated by IS (in
metres)
Supplied
Values
Constan
ts table
Air gap diameter (Dg) Dg=(60/pi )*( Vr/n) 9.1000 5.1000 Vr 79.0000
Outer Core Diameter (Do) Do=Dg*(1 + pi/2p) 9.9000 5.9000 n(RPM) #######
Stator Frame Diameter (Df) Df=Do+1.2 11.1000 7.1000 P(in
pairs)
18.0000
Inner Diameter of Generator
Barrel (Db)
Db=Df+1.8 12.9000 8.9000 kW #######
Core length of stator (Lc) Lc=W/(Ko*Dg2*n) 1.9320 0.3660 Ko 6.2500
Ratio of Core Length to Air
Gap Diameter
Lc/Dg 0.2120 0.0718
Length of stator frame (Lf) Lf=Lc+1.55 3.4300 1.9000 K for hj
Height of load bearing bracket
(hj)
hj=KDg 1.9608 1.5000 K for PH
Number of arms of bracket 4 to 8 arms 4.0000 4.0000
Axial hydraulic thrust (PH) PH=K*D12*Hmax 415427.7603 89340.0000 USBR
Weight of Turbine 1101084.5253 54.6000 USBR
Total load on bearing 1516512.2855 ########## kg
or 1517.0000 144.0000 tonnes
per arm 379.2500 36.0000
Length of Power House
Unit s acin = outer barrelOuter barrel dia= 13.4000 say 8600
unit spacing= 16.4000 say 12m
Length of erection bay( 1to 1.5
times of unit spacing)
13.1000
Total length of PH
63.100064.3000
Width of Power HouseApproximate MIV size 3200.0000
Nominal diameter MIV 2400.0000
GENERATOR mm 6.7000
Spiral Size (E) 5.9165 concreting 1.5000
MIV 3.2000 Manhole/gallery/prv 2.0000
Column width 1.0000
Approximately m. 10.1165
K depends on number of cranes and handling for lastIf the control block is to be taken upstream side of PH the width
The width depends upon the MIV size, barrel width and spiral width including statutory
Upstream Width
The value of k from IS for this thrust er arm shall be decided.
Outer barrel diameter +1.5 to 2 inner barrel dia+
No of units* Unit spacing+ Service Bay+K+ Control Block
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Downstream width
GENERATOR mm 6.7000
Spiral Size(D) 7.9007
Clearance Downstream 2.0000 Downstream
clearance
2-2.5m
Approximately m. 9.9007
Total Width of PH 20.0172 metres
Hei ht of Power House=
Hei ht of machine= height of draft tube 5000.0000
Clreance from bottom 1000.0000
Total height from C/L to bottom= 6000.0000
Height upto M/C floor Lf+hj+K K=5.5 to 7
Lf= 3.4300
Hj= 1.9608
K= 5.5000
10.8908 say 9 metres
Clearance from M/c to Crane
Beam
10m EL 777.00m
Height of crane 4m EL 781.00m
Roof 2.5m EL 783.50m
As per Details GordonGenerator WR^2= 15000* (kVA/n^1.5)^1.25 3446956.4034
Turbine WR^2 10% times Gen WR^2 344695.6403
Therefore, total WR^2 = 3791652.0437 kg m^2
GD^2=4WR^2 15166608.1748 kg m^2
Inertia Constant,H= 1.37*10^-6*GD^2*N^2/KVAInertia Constant,H= 32.4674
EOT sizing
EOT capacity in tons= 50*(MVA/sqrt(n))^.74
MVA= 166.6666667
n=speed in rpm= 166.6667
12.9099
EOT capacity in tons= 331.9358
332.0000
Basic Data
Rated MW MW 172.50
Rated speed N 166.67
Rated Head Hn 128.57
Rated Discharge Q 129.13
Discharge dia of runner D3 4.49
Generator KVA with o/l KVA 191666.67 hp
Turbine capacity in KW Pt 172500.00 172.50 228567.64
The centreline of Spiral/distributor is 2m below Min TWL(EL 760.00m) i.e. EL 758.00m.
The bottom of Draft tube concrete is 8m below C/L and clearances i.e. EL 750.00m.
The machine floor elevation is EL 766.90m.
Com utation of Inertia Constant
The next EOT size nearest meeting this Capacity is 63T.
Speed rise and Pressure rise (this section has invalid cross references, change to get correct
Height of machine + height M/c floor to Roof
Hei ht of bottom of draft tube from C/L of distributor and C/L to Machine floor
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1387.96
Windage loss (HP) =2/3x total loss 925.31
Friction Loss (HP) =1/3 x total loss 462.65Flywheel Effect WR
.
Turbine WR 410495.21
Total WR2 (Kgm2) 4515447.28
GD 18061789.12
Inertia Constant, KW sec / H 3.59
Unit Acceleration Time Tm 8.05
Flywheel Effect WR 4104952.07
346887.19
Total intertia (Kgm2) I 4451839.26 #######
GD2 17807357.05
Inertia constant H 3.54
Unit Acceleration Time Tm 7.86Flywheel Effect WR
4563612.05
Turbine WR 362530.39
Total WR2 (Kgm2) 4926142.45
GD2 19704569.79Inertia Constant H 3.91Unit Acceleration Time Tm 8.78
Selected Inertia Constant H 4.00
Unit Acceleration Time By
back Calculation Tm8.97
Therefore H 4.00 WR2 ####### Kgm2
Tm 8.97 GD2 ####### Kgm2
Water Starting time, Tw
Effective closing time Te
Pressure rise, h, range 30-35 IS 12837
Speed rise, n, range 35-55 IS 12837
WCS-1
HRT-1 L1 0.00
Diameter D1 0.00
Velocity in L1 V1 0.00
L1V1 0.00
HRT-2 L1 0.00
Diameter D1 0.00
Velocity in L1 V1 0.00
L1V1 0.00
Pressure shaft L2 0.00
Diameter D2 5.50
Velocity in L2 V2 0.00
L2V2 0.00
Penstock L3 200.00
Diameter D3 5.50
Velocity in L3 V3 0.00
L3V3 0.00
Spiral casing L4 #VALUE!
Velocity in L4 V4 9.04
L4V4 #VALUE!
1047.2*(HP/N^1.5)^1.25
4 X Total WR1.37 x 10
-6x GD
2x N
2/ KVA
(WR X N ) / (9.038 X 10 x Pt)
LV / gH
As per Choudary15000 )
. .
1446 ). .
I X N /(91.2 X 10^
X P (MW)As per TNHB
16676 (KVA) / N
5 to 10 % of Generator WR
4 X Total WR
1.37 x 10-
x GD x N / KVA
(WR X N ) / (9.038 X 10 x Pt)(Tm > 5 sec. is recommended for ensuring governor performance of high quality.)
Windage loss & Friction Loss (HP) (0.6 % x (Rated MW )x10 ) /0.74
As per USBR15000 )
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Draft tube, L5V5 L5V5 #VALUE!
TRT-1 L6 0.00
Diameter D6 5.50
Velocity in L6 V6 0.00
L6V6 0.00
TRT-2 L6 0.00
Diameter D6 7.75
Velocity in L6 V6 0.00
L6V6 0.00TRT L7 0.00
Diameter D7 9.50 Total L #######
Velocity in L6 V7 0.00 L/H #######
L7V7 0.00
LV = L1V1 + L2V2 + L3V3 +
L4V4 + L5V5+ L6V6+ L7V7#VALUE! #VALUE!
Tw'
TM / TW TM / TW2
Water Starting Time Tw #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
GORDON'S STABILITY
TM / TG 1.79
TW' / TC #VALUE!
For good regulation in isolated
system maximum TW' / TC 1.06For good regulation in
connected system maximum
TW' / TC 1.35
Regulation
Also,
To 0.25
Tw #VALUE!
Tm 0.00
a = Tw / (4 X Tm) #VALUE!
c = To / (2 X Tm) #DIV/0!
r =(1/a -0.5 +(1/a+To)^0.5)^-
0.5 #VALUE!
n = a / r + c #VALUE!
z = r + sqrt.(r2
+ 1) #VALUE!
h = z2
- 1 #VALUE!
Te = Tw / (2 X r) #VALUE!
Te taken TG 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
a = Tw' / (4 X Tm) #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
r = Tw' / (2 X Te) #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
z = r + sqrt.(r2
+ 1) #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
n = a / r + c #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
h = z2
- 1 #VALUE! #VALUE! ####### #######
Values taken TG 5.00 6.00 7.00
n #VALUE! #VALUE! #######
h #VALUE! #VALUE! #######
(For good regulation, USBR recommends Tm 2 x Tw2)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Speed rise & Pressure rise Calculation as per Water Power
(For good regulation, B.Hadley recommends Tm > 3 x Tw)
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GENERATOR
Parameter Formula calculated by IS (in
metres)
Supplied
Values
Constan
ts table
Air gap diameter (Dg) Dg=(60/pi )*( Vr/n) 9.1000 5.1000 Vr 79.0000
Outer Core Diameter (Do) Do=Dg*(1 + pi/2p) 9.3000 5.9000 n(RPM) 0.0000
Stator Frame Diameter (Df) Df=Do+1.2 10.5000 7.1000 P(in
pairs)
0.0000
Inner Diameter of GeneratorBarrel (Db)
Db=Df+1.8 12.3000 8.9000 kW #######
Core length of stator (Lc) Lc=W/(Ko*Dg2*n) 1.9320 0.3660 Ko 6.2500
Ratio of Core Length to Air
Gap Diameter
Lc/Dg 0.2120 0.0718
Length of stator frame (Lf) Lf=Lc+1.55 3.4300 1.9000 K for hj
Height of load bearing bracket
(hj)
hj=KDg 1.9608 1.5000 K for PH
Number of arms of bracket 4 to 8 arms 4.0000 4.0000
Axial hydraulic thrust (PH) PH=K*D12*Hmax 0.0000 89340.0000 USBR
Weight of Turbine 0.0000 54.6000 USBR
Total load on bearing 0.0000 ########## kg
or 0.0000 144.0000 tonnes
per arm 0.0000 36.0000
Length of Power House
Unit s acin = outer barrelOuter barrel dia= 12.8000 say 8600
unit spacing= 15.8000 say 12m
Length of erection bay( 1to 1.5
times of unit spacing)
12.6000
Total length of PH
26.6000
14.6000Width of Power HouseApproximate MIV size 3200.0000
Nominal diameter MIV 2400.0000
GENERATOR mm 6.4000
Spiral Size (E) 0.0000 concreting 1.5000
MIV 3.2000 Manhole/gallery/prv 2.0000
Column width 1.0000
Approximately m. 10.6000
Downstream width
GENERATOR mm 6.4000
Spiral Size(D) 0.0000
Clearance Downstream 2.0000 Downstream
clearance
2-2.5m
Approximately m. 8.4000
Total Width of PH 19.0000 metres
Hei ht of Power House=
Hei ht of machine=height of draft tube 5000.0000
Clreance from bottom 1000.0000
The width depends upon the MIV size, barrel width and spiral width including statutory
Upstream Width
Height of machine + height M/c floor to Roof
Hei ht of bottom of draft tube from C/L of distributor and C/L to Machine floor
Outer barrel diameter +1.5 to 2 inner barrel dia+
No of units* Unit spacing+ Service Bay+K+ Control BlockK depends on number of cranes and handling for last
If the control block is to be taken upstream side of PH the width
The value of k from IS for this thrust per arm shall be decided.
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Total height from C/L to bottom= 6000.0000
Height upto M/C floor Lf+hj+K K=5.5 to 7
Lf= 3.4300
Hj= 1.9608
K= 5.5000
10.8908 say 9 metres
Clearance from M/c to Crane
Beam
10m EL 777.00m
Height of crane 4m EL 781.00m
Roof 2.5m EL 783.50m
The machine floor elevation is EL 766.90m.
The centreline of Spiral/distributor is 2m below Min TWL(EL 760.00m) i.e. EL 758.00m.
The bottom of Draft tube concrete is 8m below C/L and clearances i.e. EL 750.00m.