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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________APWH Ms. Buffalino

Read the documents and answer the questions that follow:

Document 1

Select Articles from the Treaty of Versailles

Article 159

The German military forces shall be demobilised and reduced as prescribed hereinafter.

Article 231

The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of

Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and

Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the

war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

Article 232

...The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that

she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian populations of the Allied and

Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an

Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression by land, by sea and from the

air, and in general all damage as defined in Annex 1 hereto...

Source: The Versailles Treaty, June 28, 1919. From NYS Global History and Geography II Regents Exam Prototype.

1. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the development of the Treaty of Versailles. [1]

Score

UNIT 10.5 | Unresolved Global Conflict (1914-1945) | End of Unit Assessment

Base your answer to question 30 on Document 2 below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Document 2

Daniel Fitzpatrick was an editorial cartoonist for the St. Louis Dispatch from 1913-1958, during which time his cartoons were published in thirty-five newspapers in the United States. During the 1920s and 1930s, while the United States was looking inward, Fitzpatrick was one of the first American cartoonists to warn of the dangers of fascism in Europe.

Text at bottom of image: “The Source.”

Source: Daniel Fitzpatrick, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 19, 1930. From NYS Global History and Geography II Regents Exam Prototype and the OSU.edu History Teaching Institute.

2. Based on the cartoon, explain how audience affects the way Daniel Fitzpatrick presents his ideas. [1]

Score


Base your answer to question 31 on both Documents 1 and 2 and on your knowledge of social studies.

Cause — refers to something that contributes to the occurence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bringing about of a development.

Effect — refers to what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, an idea, or a development.

3. Identify and explain a cause-and-effect relationship associated with the historical developments in documents 1 and 2. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 1 and 2 in your response. [1]

Score


Read the next set of documents (5) and answer the questions that follow:

An enduring issue is a challenge or problem that has been debated or discussed across time. An enduring issue is one that many societies have attempted to address with varying degrees of success.

Task:

● Identify and define an enduring issue raised by this set of documents● Argue why the issue you selected is significant and how it has endured across

time

RESPONSE:

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Document 1

The following lyrics were written by A.M. Edmond in 1848. The publication describes the lyrics as, “the last request of an Irish lad to his mother, as he lay dying of starvation. She found three grains in the corner of his ragged jacket, and gave them to him. It was all she had, the whole family were perishing from starvation.” The excerpt below is a part of the song entitled “Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother.”

The Queen has lands and gold, mother,

The Queen has lands and gold;

While you are forced to your empty breast

A skeleton babe to hold;

A babe that is dying of want, mother,

As I am dying now,

With a ghastly look in its sunken eye,

And famine upon its brow.

What has poor Ireland done, mother,

What has poor Ireland done,

That the world looks on and sees us starve,

Perishing one by one!

Do the men of England care not, mother,

The great men and the high,

For the suffering sons of Erin's Isle,

Whether they live or die!

There is many a brave heart here, mother,

Dying of want and cold,

While only across the channel, mother,

Are many that roll in gold.

There are rich and proud men there, mother,

With wondrous wealth to view,

And the bread they fling to the dogs tonight

Would give me life and you.

Lyrics by A.M. Edmond, “Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother,” 1848. https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sheetmusic/705/


Document 2

William Digby (1849-1904) was as a British journalist. He worked as the editor of Madras Times in 1877. Digby witnessed the Great Famine of 1876-78 while in India and got involved with humanitarian efforts to provide relief. Digby was critical of the British Raj, and in particular, of its response during the famine. In 1878, he wrote an extensive monograph called The famine campaign in Southern India, Madras and Bombay Presidencies and Province of Mysore. The image below depicts bags of grain collected by the British in India for export during the Great Famine.

Source: William Digby, The famine campaign in Southern India, Madras and Bombay Presidencies and Province of Mysore, 1876-1878, Longmans, Green, and Co, 1878 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1876%E2%80%9378#/media/File:GrainFamineMadras.jpg

and https://archive.org/details/faminecampaignin01digbuoft/page/28


Document 3

The photographs below were taken during the Holodomor, the forced Famine in Ukraine that took place from 1932 to 1933 when Joseph Stalin was in control of the Soviet Union. The government took grain away from areas that did not meet production levels set by Stalin’s Five Year Plans.

According to a BBC article in 2013, entire villages were wiped out as a result of Stalin’s punishment of Ukraine and in some regions the death rate reached one-third. Yale University historian Timothy Snyder estimates that 3.3 million people died as a result of the Holodomor.

Government workers seizing grain from peasants who hid it in a graveyard to prevent it from being taken in Ukraine, 1930.

Image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Starved peasants on a street in Kharkiv, Ukraine during the Holodomor, 1933. Image is courtesy of wikimedia commons and is public domain


Document 4

The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use China's population to rapidly transform the country from a primarily agricultural economy dominated by peasant farmers into a modern, industrialized communist society.

Mao Zedong based this program on the Five Year Plans used by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.

The Great Leap Forward was unsuccessful. Instead of producing more food so that country could industrialize, the policy led to widespread famine. The estimated number of deaths range from 23 to 46 million.

In Xinyang county, Henan, during the Great Leap Forward era, commune members worked in the night, using lamps as light, 1959.

Image is courtesy of wikimedia commons and is in the public domain


Document 5

The Islamic State, also known as ISIS, is a Muslim extremist group who in 2014 took over a region that included sections of Iraq and Syria. Despite its early success, the group lost most of the territory it gained by 2018.

In a 2017 article, National Geographic reported that some of the early support for ISIS in Iraq may have been a result of climate change and drought in the region. Peter Schwartzstein, the author of the article, writes,

It was a few weeks after the rains failed in the winter of 2009 that residents of Shirqat first noticed the strange bearded men.

Circling like vultures among the stalls of the town’s fertilizer market in Iraq’s northern Salahaddin governorate, they’d arrow in on the most shabbily dressed farmers, and tempt them with promises of easy riches. “Join us, and you’ll never have to worry about feeding your family,” Saleh Mohammed Al-Jabouri, a local tribal sheikh, remembers one recruiter saying.

With every flood or bout of extreme heat or cold, the jihadists [ISIS; military Muslim extremists] would reappear, often supplementing their sales pitches with gifts. When a particularly vicious drought struck in 2010, the fifth in seven years, they doled out food baskets. When fierce winds eviscerated hundreds of eggplant fields near Kirkuk in the spring of 2012, they distributed cash. As farming communities limped from one debilitating crisis to another, the recruiters—all members of what soon became the Islamic State—began to see a return on their investment.

Source: Peter Schwartzstein, “Climate Change and Water Woes Drove ISIS Recruiting in Iraq.” National Geographic, November 14, 2017
