human social interaction social neuroscience research dr. roger newport room b47 office hours:...
TRANSCRIPT
Human Social InteractionSocial Neuroscience Research
Dr. Roger NewportRoom B47
Office Hours: Tuesdays 12-2
www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn
3
C8CSNR - introduction to course content
Human Social Interaction Research Proposal
What is the module about?The neuroscience of H.S.I
Recognition of others’ Emotions
visual cuesauditory cues
Actionsfrom eye movementsfrom limb and body movements
Mindshow do we know what other people are thinking?
4
Interpreting othersUsing neuroscience
RF
RF
RF
Emotions
Minds
Actions
Threatperception
Fear recognitionswearing Clangers
Predicting other’sactions
Knowing self vs.other’s actions
Social perceptionfrom visual cues
StereotypingMisinterpreting others
Theory of Mind(mind reading)
14
course content
Theory of mind SimulationWhat happens next?
Understanding Mindsknowing what others know
course content
Predicting the actions of others from visual cues
12
Understanding the Neuroscience - we will talk about…Methods like these Pictures like these
course content
13
Taught Lectures
approximately 2 hours long
two 50 minute sessions with time at the end for questions
6 lectures in total (not inc. this one)
will provide the background to your research proposal topic
will be interspersed with revision/feedback lectures
Revision/Feedback Lectures
not lectures as such
to revisit difficult areas
will be student-led - you provide the questions
questions and queries must be submitted 5 days before lecture
+ Feedback/advice about assessments
15course content
C8CSNR
20 credits - year long
Coursework with some lectures
3 research proposals - each worth 33%
Approx. 7 weeks between each proposal deadline
Deadline details will be available on the website once confirmed
More details atwww.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn/C83SNR/Intro.html
course content - summary 16
2909
0610
1310
2010
2710
0311
1011
1711
2411
0112
0812
1512
2212
2912
0501
1201
L L L r
?
D4pm
L L X X X X E
Emotions Actions
1901
2601
0202
0902
1602
2302
0203
0903
1603
2303
3003
0704
1404
2104
2804
0505
E f
?
D4pm
L L f
?
X X X X D4pm
Actions Minds
Spring
Autumn
course content important dates 17
Module Structure - a module with a difference
What you won’t do
Exams
Dissertations
Multiple Choice
Data Collection
Introduction to course assessment 18
Module Structure - a module with a difference
What you will do
Listen to some lectures
Read about something that interests you the most (a PDF library is provided to get you started)
Think of an experiment that would advance our knowledge of that subject
Price up your experiment
Write up your experiment proposal
X 3
course assessment 19
Equipment Cost Participants Cost
MRI scanner +
per subject 300+
10
Students Free
PET scanner +
per subject 300+
10
Autists 20
MEG per +
per subject 300+
10
Age matched controls 10
EEG/ERP 300 Monkeys 75
EMG 100 Sheep 40
TMS 200 Rats 20
Eye Tracker 100
Motion Tracker 200
Computers free
Basic Monkey lab
500
Brain damage per hemisphere
general area e.g. frontal/temporal)
specific focal (e.g. dPFC / IPL)
10
Choose your equipment and participants
course assessment - the form 22
What should the proposals contain? Each 2,500 word research proposal should detail the background, rationale, methodology and expected outcomes of one or more make-believe experiments investigating a particular HSI issue. The word limit is an absolute maximum and a set form should be used. Each proposal must be submitted 5 weeks after each mini lecture series.
What is required?Imagination and a good understanding of a specific research area in HSI.
Can I choose any topic? Yes, as long as it is related to the lecture material. Check with me if you are not sure.
Can I invent any experiment? Yes, but within limits. You can use any equipment or participant groups you want, so long as you stay within a specified budget. Equipment and participants have a cost roughly relating to how rare that equipment or participant is in real life. You have a maximum of 1500 units to spend.
course assessment FAQ 24
What can we get from you? Practically nothing in terms of ideas for experiments, but periodic feedback will be given as well as some web-based support (in addition to lectures of course).I can tell you if an experiment is plausible and within the scope of the course and I can help with budget queries. 1 email rule.
Anything else we should know? You will have to show that you understand the procedural and analysis requirements for any proposed experiments as well as having a solid rationale and sensible potential outcomes that are theoretically relevant to social neuroscience. If you don’t feel up to that you should bale out now.
What else? All proposed experiments must be original (theoretically relevant modifications to existing paradigms are allowed, replications are not).
What if my great idea gets published before I hand it in? You can bank ideas with me by email if you are worried that they might be stolen by real scientists.
course assessment FAQ 25
What you will write about
Why it would be an interesting thing to study (background)
What you would hope to find out (Q.’s to be answered)
How you would do it (plan of investigation)
How you would analyse it (details of data analysis)
What you think you would find (expected outcomes)
What could go wrong (details of difficulties foreseen)
What it all means (future purpose and theoretical implications)
course assessment FAQ 26
How will it be marked?according to lab report guidelines in Handbook
(this is not true)When will it be marked?
soon after submission(this is true)When will I get my marks back?
that is a very good questionPROVISIONAL marks should be available2-3 weeks after submission
What kind of feedback can I get?Individual feedback will not be possibleGroup feedback between each submission
course assessment FAQ 27
Course website - useful pages 28
www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn/C83SNR
All handouts & lectures can be downloaded from the web
Large print or full page versions can also be made
Username: c8clhs (lowercase!!) Password: hsipfn
Several very relevant journal articles and review articles are available as PDFs on the web-site
This is not an exhaustive list. Further reading is freely available through internet and library resources
Revision questions should be submitted through the web-site.
Course Reading
Recommended Books: None
Best course material is source material (i.e. journal articles).Many are available from my web-page library.Many more available on request. They are:freeup-to-date Vital for being on the cutting edge of research (which will help you get a good mark).
29
*Good primer reading available on web page*
www.sciencedirect.com
PubMedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
Web of Science
Useful websites 30
How to read a journal article.
Author webpages
Introduction to cognitive social neuroscience
Social cognitive neuroscience:An integrated interdisciplinary field
asks questions about topics traditionally of interest to social psychologists (such as emotion regulation, attitude change, or stereotyping)
using cognitive neuroscience methods (such as functional brain imaging and neuropsychological patient analysis)
NB: This course will concentrate mainly on aspects of social interaction that are non-verbal and are concerned with the interpreting the actions and emotions of other people 31
Why do we want to know about brain activity?
We already know that behaviour involves the brain(e.g. Gage, Tan, Bertino)
brain localization can be helpful in solving psychological models
Models use hypothetical representations and processes.
Automatic process:The boy’s a fool
Controlled process:Some of my best friends are presidents
Hypothetical representation
D
32
We can observe a behaviour and construct a hypothetical model to explain that behaviour (e.g. Bruce and Young face processing model)
Evidence in support of models is based on whether they can account for behavioural data
On the face of it, models work because they can explain observable behaviour
And they can be modified to incorporate new, unusual behaviour
Observed behaviourVisual input Processing unit
Except on Tuesdays34
Why do we want to know about brain activity?
Visual input
Face processing unit
Emotion processing unit
AngerFear
Visual input
Fear P.U Anger P.U
AngerFear
Problem - More than one model can explain the same data
so how do we tell which one is correct?
Two potential models for the processing of facial expressions of fear and anger
35
Behavioural measures such as RT data
How do we differentiate between models?
Visual input
Face processing unit
Emotion processing unit
AngerFear
Visual input
Fear P.U Anger P.U
AngerFear
Brain localization
36
Cognitive neuroscience methods
Single Cell recordingAnimal studiesOpen head surgery
Brain ImagingPETfMRIEEGMEGTMS
Patient studiesDiseaseDegenerationHead TraumaStrokeCongenital abnormalityPsychiatric patients
Three main techniques
37
Patient RM
Patient MLlesion studies
39
+ monkey lesions
ProblemsLarge lesionsUp/downstreamWhite matter etc.Overlay issues
Brain imaging – PET & fMRI
PET and fMRI provide indirect measures of blood flow (haemodynamic response)
BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) fMRI provides a measure of haemodynamic adjustments
Good spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution
41
Results often displayed on maps like these
Functional brain imaging and lesion studies often try to localise constructs such as lexical access or motor sequence learning
Localising the brain activity associated with a construct is compelling evidence for the psychological reality of the construct e.g. Theory of Mind.
Brain imaging42
Subject. One mature Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) participated in the fMRI study. The salmon was approximately 18 inches long, weighed 3.8 lbs, and was not alive at the time of scanning.
Task. The task administered to the salmon involved completing an open-ended mentalizing task. The salmon was shown a series of photographs depicting human individuals in social situations with a specified emotional valence. The salmon was asked to determine what emotion the individual in the photo must have been experiencing.
EEG/ERP
EEG is a measurement of the electrical activity in the brain created when neurons fire
ERPs are a type of EEG EEG measurement time-locked to an experimental eventGood temporal resolutionPoor spatial resolution
44
MEG (Magnetoencephalograpgy)
Measurement of magnetic fields occurring outside the head as a result of naturally occurring electrical activity in the brain
Better spatial resolution than EEG/ERP
Relatively rare
45
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?
Uses electromagnetic induction to temporarily disrupt brain function
Can be very focal
Very high temporal resolution
Can induce seizures
+ need to exercise caution with vulnerable populations
46
Brain regions - knowing which bit is which
The almost complete list of brain regions we will cover
47
Brain regions - knowing which bit is which 48
BA44Broca’s AreaLeft inferior frontal gyrusLeft frontal operculumLeft ventral premotor area
Social cognitive neuroscience is an integrated interdisciplinary field that asks questions about social psychology using cognitive neuroscience methods
Social psychology is riddled with hypothetical models (as well as rubbish experiments and unexplored avenues of research).
Knowledge about brain function can help differentiate between models
Cognitive neuroscience provides information about brain function
Summary 49