human rights ethics john locke 1632-1704. what does it mean to have rights? a. having an area of...
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Human Rights Ethics
John Locke
1632-1704
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What does it mean to have rights?
A. having an area of one’s life protected against outside interference even if some might disagree: the right to view pornography.
B. having a claim on society as a whole to deliver a particular service: the right to basic health care or education.
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Where do rights come from?
1. The Law of Nature: John Locke “We hold these truth’s to be self-evident. That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”
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Where do rights come from?
2. Human beings and animals have rights because of some distinctive capacity they possess, such as consciousness, self-consciousness or reason.
3. Social Contract: The weakest in society should have the same rights as the strongest so that society is fair.
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What about when rights conflict?
Some rights are primary and more fundamental than others: the right to life is more basic than the right to free speech or the right to privacy.
Does the right to life trump the right of a baby to use a mother’s body?
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Catholic Christianity’s support of rights theory
Catechism 1930:Respect for the human person entails respect for the rights that flow from his dignity as a creature. These rights are prior to society and must be recognized by it. They are the basis of the moral legitimacy of every authority: by refusing to recognize them in its positive legislation, a society undermines its own moral legitimacy.
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Catholic Christianity’s support of rights theory
Catechism 2273: Human rights depend neither on single individuals nor on parents; nor do they represent a concession made by society and the state; they belong to human nature and are inherent in the person by virtue of the creative act from which the person took his origin.
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Catholic Christianity’s support of rights theory
Pope John XXIII: Every man has the right to life, to bodily integrity, and to the means which are necessary and suitable for the proper development of life; these are primarily food, clothing, shelter, rest, medical care, and finally necessary social services.