HUMAN. NATURE.

TO LEARN MORE VISIT:

www.wwf.org.mmwww.naturalcapitalproject.org

Myanmar is one of the most biologically diverse places on earth. Millions of people depend on its forests, rivers and coastal habitats for food, water, livelihoods and other vital services such as protection against floods and coastal storms. As Myanmar is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the e­ects of climate change, the role that these ecosystems play in protecting us against natural hazards and rising temperatures is even more important.

But as Myanmar stands poised for rapid development, it finds itself in a tough balancing act. How can the country li� its citizens out of poverty while protecting its forests, rivers and other natural assets? And how can it do so now, before its natural capital is degraded and overexploited in exchange for short-term economic gains?

ျမနမာႏငငသည ကမၻာေပၚတြင ဇ၀ေဗဒအရ ကြျပားျခားနားမႈအရဆးေသာ ေနရာမားစြာအနကတစချဖစပါသည။ သနးေပါငးမားစြာေသာလမားသည အစားအစာ၊ ေရ၊ အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးမႈမားႏင အျခားေသာအေရးႀကးသည၀နေဆာငမႈမားျဖစသည ေရလႊမးမးမႈအႏရာယႏင ကမးရးတမးမနတငးမားမကာကြယျခငးမားအတြက သစေတာမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင ကမး႐းတမးမားေဂဟစနစမားအေပၚ မခလကရသည။ ျမနမာႏငငသည ကမ႓ာေပၚတြင ရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈ၏ အကးသကေရာကမႈေၾကာင ထခကမႈအမားဆးျဖစသညႏငငမားအနကတစချဖစေသာေၾကာင အဆပါေဂဟစနစမားမေပးသည သဘာ၀ေဘးအႏရာယမားႏင အပခနျမငတကမႈမကာကြယျခငးမားသည ပ၍ပငအေရးႀကးေပသည။

သ႔ေသာ ျမနမာႏငငသည အရနအဟနျဖငဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကရန ျပငဆငလကရၿပး ဟနခကမေအာငေဆာငရြကရနအတြက ခကခလကရသည။ တငးျပညအေနျဖင သစေတာမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင အျခားေသာသယဇာတမားက ကာကြယရငး ႏငငသားမားက ဆငးရတြငးမ မညသ႔ဆြထတႏငမညနညး။ ထ႔အျပင ႏငင၏သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးမား အရညအေသြးကဆငးျခငးႏင ကာလတစးပြားေရးအကးအျမတအတြက အလြနအကၽြ ေဖာထတသးစြျခငးမားမျပမ လကရမညသ႔ေဆာငရြကႏငမညနညး။

At this crossroads moment, WWF is connecting the dots between humans and nature: Forests purify drinking water, reduce the impact of floods and absorb carbon. Mangroves bu�er against coastal storms and are nurseries for fish. Free flowing rivers quench parched landscapes and provide food and livelihoods for fishing communities.

Do these connections matter? Are we as humans aware? Can we help to protect the very nature that sustains us? This exhibition, by award-winning documentary photographer Minzayar, asks these questions by capturing in intimate detail our remarkable relationship with nature, documenting the many ways in which people benefit from it, and the threats already facing some of Myanmar’s most extraordinary landscapes. အဆပါအလညအေျပာငးကာလတြင WWF သည လႏငသဘာ၀တ႔၏ အျပနအလနဆကစပမႈမားက ေဖာထတေပးလကရသည။ သစေတာမားသည ေရလႊမးမးမႈအႏရာယမား ေလာခေပးျခငး၊ ကာဗြနကစပယထနးသမးျခငးမား ေဆာငရြကၿပး တစဆကတညးမာပင ေရကသန႔စင၍ သန႔ရငးေသာေသာကသးေရမားပပးေပးပါသည။ ဒေရေတာမားသည ကမးရးမနတငးမားမ ကာကြယေပးၿပး ငါးမားအတြက ေပါကပြားရာေနရာမားက ဖနတးေပးသည။ လြတလပစြာစးဆငးလကရေသာျမစမားသည ပျပငးေျခာကေသြ႕ေနေသာေဒသမားကစေျပေစၿပး ေဒသခမားအတြက အစားအစာႏင အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးမႈမားက ပပးေပးပါသည။

ဤဆကစပမားသည အေရးႀကးပါသလား။ ကၽြ ႏပတ႔လမားမလညး သရၾကပါသလား။ ကၽြ ႏပတ႔အား စဥဆကမျပတအကးျပလကရသည သဘာ၀ႀကးအား ပးေပါငးကာကြယ၍ရႏငပါသလား၊ ယချပပြတြင အထကပါေမးခြနးမားအတြက လႏငသဘာ၀တရား၏ ထးျခားအေရးပါေသာအေသးစတကသညဆကစပမႈမား၊ လသားမားအေနျဖင သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငထမ အကးေကးဇးမားက ဘကေပါငးစမရရေနမႈမားႏင ျမနမာႏငင၏ ထးျခားေသာေဒသမားတြင ႀကေတြ႕ေနရေသာ စနေခၚမႈမားကအေၾကာငးက ဆရမတတမးတငဓါတပဆရာမငးေဇယာမ မတတမးဓါတပမားရကကးခပါသည။

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Design: Matt Grace (Myanmar Deitta)

Photos: © WWF / Minzayar, © WWF / Adam Oswell

Text: Charlotte Rose (WWF) and Hanna Helsingen (WWF)

Maps: Stacie Wolny (The Natural Capital Project) and Michele Dailey (WWF)

Natural Capital Assessments: The Natural Capital Project - Lisa Mandle, Stacie Wolny, Perrine Hamel and WWF - Nirmal Bhagabati and Adam Dixon

Special thanks to: Climate Systems Research at Columbia University - Radley Horton, Corey Lesk, Danielle Peters and Manishka De Mel. Sky Club Asia - Mark Silverberg, Paul Derstro� and Wolfgang Biegler. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and Birdlife International for maps of Key Biodiversity Areas in Myanmar. WWF - A. Christy Williams, Nicholas Cox, Saw Wah Thu, Jill Schwartz, Alex MacLennan, Sarah Forrest, Ryan Bartlett Lee Poston, Sai Nay Won Myint and Zin Mar.

This project was made possible with funding from The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.

Published: May 2016 by WWF-Myanmar

Adam Oswell is an Australian conservationist and photographer specialising in wildlife conservation and protection. His work has appeared in a wide range of media and productions including the Guardian, TIME and Asian Geographic. A selection of Adam’s aerial photos of Myanmar’s Tanintharyi region are included in this exhibition.

“Taking photos from the air gives you an entirely new perspective of the landscape. These images are critical to understanding what still remains in terms of wildlife, forests and rivers and the incredibly valuable biodiversity that is at stake in Myanmar.”

Adam Oswell သည ၾသစေၾတးလလမး သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငခစျမတႏးသတစေယာကျဖစၿပး ေတာရငးတရစာၦနထနးသမးကာကြယေစာငေရာကျခငးက အထးျပသည ဓါတပဆရာတစဦးျဖစသည။ သ၏မတတမးဓါတပမားမာ Guardian, TIME ႏင Asian Geographic တ႔အပါအ၀င အျခားေသာသတငးမဒယာမားတြင ကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔ေဖာျပလကရသည။ ဤျပပြတြင Adam Oswell ရကကးထားေသာ ျမနမာႏငင တနသၤာရေဒသ၏ ေကာငးကငဓါတပမားမ အခ႕အား ထတႏတေဖာျပထားပါသည။

“ေလထမာပသနးၿပး ဓါတပရကရတာက ဒေဒသတစခလးန႔ပါတသကၿပး အျမငအသစကေပးတယ။ ဒဓါတပေတြက ျမနမာႏငငရ႕ကနရေနေသးတ ေတာရငးတရစာၦနေတြ၊ သစေတာေတြန႔ျမစေတြန႔ အရမးကအဖးတနတ ဇ၀မးစမးကြေတြ၊ ၿပးေတာ ဒအရာေတြအားလး ဘယလအႏရာယေတြန႔ရငဆငေနရတယဆတာက အားလးနားလညသေဘာေပါကေအာငရငးျပေပးတေနရာမာ အရမးက အေရးႀကးပါတယ။”

WHAT IS NATURAL CAPITAL?

Human. Nature. Two words with an unbreakable bond. In the pages that follow, we show this connection through photographs and maps – connecting science and art and introducing the idea that in order to save ourselves, we need to save nature’s bank account – its natural capital.

So what is natural capital? Simply put, it is the stock of natural assets – such as land, water, soil, plants, wildlife and air – that provides benefits to people. These benefits are called ecosystem services and include clean water and food, protection from natural hazards such as flooding and landslides, and opportunities for nature-based tourism and recreation. Natural capital is critical to human well-being and underpins economic productivity. Understanding where, when and how nature matters for people’s lives and livelihoods is essential for making decisions that secure these assets for economic and social development.

လႏင သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကင။ ခြျခားရနမျဖစႏငသည ဆကစပမႈရေသာ စကားလး (၂) ချဖစသည။ ေအာကေဖာျပပါစာမကႏာမားတြင ဤဆကစပမႈအား ဓါတပမား၊ ေျမပမားျဖင သပၸနညးပညာႏင အႏပညာအားဆကစပထားသည။ ကၽြႏပတ႔အေနျဖင မမကယကကယတငရနအတြက သဘာ၀တရား၏ ပငဆငမႈစာရငးျဖစသည သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးအား ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကရနလအပသည ဆေသာ အယအဆကလညးတငျပထားပါသည။ သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးဆသညမာ အဘယနညး။ ရးရးရငးရငးေျပာမညဆပါက ေျမ၊ ေရ၊ ေျမဆလႊာ၊ အပငမား၊ ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမားႏင ေလ အစရသည လသားမားအား အကးေကးဇးမားစြာ ပပးေပးသည လက၀ယတြငရေသာ သဘာ၀ပငဆငမႈမား၏ ပမာဏျဖစသည။ ဤအကးေကးဇးမားအား ေဂဟစနစ၀နေဆာငမႈမားဟ ေခၚၿပး ၎၀နေဆာငမႈမားတြင သန႔ရငးေသာေရႏင အစားအစာ၊ သဘာ၀ေဘးအႏရာယမားျဖစသည ေရႀကးျခငးႏင ေျမၿပျခငးမားမကာကြယေပးျခငး၊ သဘာ၀အေျခခခရးသြားလပငနးမားႏင အပနးေျဖျခငး စသညတ႔ပါ၀ငသည။ သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးသည လသားမား၏ ေကာငးကးအတြက အလြနအေရးႀကးၿပး စးပြားေရးကနထတလပငနးမားအတြက ေကာေထာကေနာကချပေပးပါသည။ လသားတ႔၏ ဘ၀ႏင အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးလပငနးမားအတြက သဘာ၀တရားသည မညသညေနရာ၊ မညသညအခနႏင မညသ႔မညပ အေရးပါသညက နားလညျခငးသည ယငးရပငခြငမားက လၿခစတခေစမည စးပြားေရးႏင လမႈေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈဆးျဖတခကမားခမတရာတြင မရမျဖစလအပပါသည။

Minzayar Oo is an award-winning Myanmar photojournalist and documentary photographer whose work has been published in TIME, The New York Times and GEO, among others. In addition to being awarded first prize in this year’s Yangon Photo Festival, Minzayar’s accolades include two China International Press Photo awards, the Days Japan International Photojournalism Award and a nomination for the prestigious Joop Swart Masterclass by World Press Photo in 2016. This collection of photographs was shot in Myanmar’s Tanintharyi and Bago regions.

“Shooting this amazing landscape, and listening to the stories of those who live here, made me realize just how much we depend on nature - for food, for livelihoods, for survival. It was also a haunting reminder of everything we stand to lose. I hope that this exhibition will help us understand how closely connected we are to our natural environment and why it is so important to conserve it.”

မငးေဇယာဦးသည TIME ၊ The New York Times ႏင GEO စသည မဂၢဇငးမားတြင ၄ငး၏ဓါတပမားက ပႏပေဖာျပျခငးခရသည ဆရျမနမာဓါတပသတငးေထာကႏင မတတမးတငဓါတပဆရာတစဦး ျဖစသည။ ယခႏစအတြက ရနကနဓါတပပြေတာ (Yangon Photo Festival) တြင ပထမဆခးျမႇငခခရသညအျပင တ႐တႏငငအျပညျပညဆငရာပႏပဓါတပဆႏစဆႏင ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ ကမၻာပႏပဓါတပအဖြ႕ (World Press Photo) မေပးအပသည Joop Swart Masterclass အတြက အဆျပျခငးခရသတစဦးျဖစပါသည။ ဤဓါတပမားအား ျမနမာႏငင၏ တနသၤာရႏင ပခးေဒသမားတြငရကကးချခငးျဖစပါသည။

“အရမးထးျခားတဒေဒသက မတတမးဓါတပရကကးရငး၊ ေဒသခေတြေျပာတ ဇာတလမးေတြကနားေထာငၿပးတအခနမာ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔အားလးဟာ အစားအစာ၊ေရႏင ရငသနမႈအတြက သဘာ၀တရားအေပၚ ဘယေလာကမခေနရလဆတာက ကၽြ နေတာနားလညသေဘာေပါကလာတယ။ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔ဆးရႈးသြားႏငတယ အရာတငးအတြကလညး တစခနလးသတေပးႏႈးေဆာခကေနတယ။ ဒျပပြကေနၿပးေတာမ သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငန႔ကၽြ နေတာတ႔လသားေတြရ႕ အနးကပဆကစပေနမႈ၊ ေနာကၿပး ဘာေၾကာင ဒသဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငက ကာကြယထနးသမးဖ႔ အရမးအေရးႀကးသလဆတာေတြက ပၿပးနားလညလာေအာငရငးျပေပးႏငလမမယလ႔ ေမာလငပါတယ။”

A Karen fisherman looks for fish in his net in the Banchaung River in Tanintharyi. The villages that surround the river rely on it for food, drinking

water and livelihoods, but the people who live here say the river has been drying up over the past few years.

“The Banchaung River is like a vein running through our villages,” says U Myo Win from Phaung Taw Gyi village. “We are sad to see the river getting drier

each year. The climate is changing too and it’s getting hotter.”

ကရငတငာသညတစဦး ဘနေခာငျမစအတြငး ငါးဖမးပကျဖင ငါးရာေနပ။ ဘနေခာငျမစတ၀ကရ ရြာမားသည အစားအစာ၊

ေသာကေရႏင သးေရတ႔က ရရရန ျမစအား မခအားထားရသည။ သ႔ရာတြင ျမစသည တစစတစစ

ေျခာကခမးစျပလာသည ဟ ျမစအနးအနားတြင ေနထငသမားမ ေျပာၾကသည။

“ဘနေခာငျမစဟာ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔ရြာေတြက

ျဖတသနးစးဆငးတ အသကေသြးေၾကာပါပ။ ဒျမစႀကး တစႏစထကတစႏစ ေျခာကခမးလာတာက ျမငရတာ

စတမေကာငးပါဘး။ ရာသဥတကလညး ေျပာငးလလာၿပး ပပလာပါတယ” ဟ ေဖာငေတာႀကးေကးရြာမ

ဦးမး၀ငးကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

A boy swims in the Banchaung River near his village. People in his village rely on the river for food, drinking water and domestic use, but say the river has

been getting drier in recent years.

U Myo Win from Phaung Taw Gyi village believes deforestation up-river is to blame. “We have a saying – weather and climate rely on the forest.”

လငယေလးတစဦး သ၏ရြာအနးရ ဘနေခာငျမစအတြငးေရကးေနပ။ သ၏ရြာရ

ရြာသရြာသားတ႔သည ၎တ႔၏ အစားအစာ၊ ေသာကေရႏင ေနအမသးေရတ႔အတြက ဤျမစက အားျပၾကရသည။

သ႔ရာတြင လြနခေသာ ႏစအနညးငယအတြငး ဘနေခာငျမစမာ ေျခာကခမးလာၿပ ဟေျပာၾကသည။

ျမစေရေျခာကခမးလာျခငးမာ ျမစအထကပငးရ

သစေတာမားျပနးတးမႈေၾကာင ျဖစသညဟ ေဖာငေတာႀကးရြာမ ဦးမး၀ငးကယၾကညသည။ “ကၽြ နေတာတ႔မာ ဥတရာသ ေတာကမ၏ ဆတ

ဆရးစကားရပါတယ” ဟ သကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN MYANMAR DEPEND ON NATURE FOR FOOD, WATER, PROTECTION AGAINST

FLOODS AND COASTAL STORMS AND OTHER VITAL SERVICES. ADDRESSING NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON NATURE AND

SUSTAINABLY MANAGING MYANMAR’S NATURAL CAPITAL CAN

HELP SUSTAIN THOSE BENEFITS.

A man from Pyar Thar Chaung village, in the Banchaung Valley in Tanintharyi, washes his face as he collects water from a bamboo pipe erected by villagers to divert water from the mountain. People living in the valley used to collect water from the river for drinking, but say they haven’t been able to drink the

river water for over a year because the water is polluted.

တနသၤာရတငး၊ ဘနေခာငခင႔၀မးရ ျပညသာေခာငးေကးရြာမ အမးသားတစဦး

ေတာငေပၚမစးဆငးလာေသာ ေရက လႊရန ရြာသားတ႔ ျပလပထားေသာ ၀ါးပကမ ေရကခပ၍ မကႏာသစေနပ။

ဘနေခာငျမစ၀မးတြင ေနထငၾကသတ႔သည ယခငက ျမစေရက ေသာကေရအျဖစ အသးျပၾကေသာလညး

လြနခေသာ တစႏစခြခန႔မစ၍ ျမစေရညစညမးလာေသာေၾကာင ေသာကေရအျဖစ

အသးမျပၾကေတာေၾကာငး ေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Myanmar’s forests and other vegetation hold soil in place, reducing erosion and keeping sediment out of streams and rivers. People benefit from this through improved drinking water quality. When forests are degraded, soil erodes and washes into rivers and streams, resulting in poor water quality. In areas shaded darker purple, people consume clean water due to upstream forests retaining large quantities of sediment.

ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမားႏင အျခားေပါကေရာကပငမားသည ေျမဆလႊာျပနးတးမႈက ေလာခေပးၿပး ႏႈနးအနညႏစမားက ျမစေခာငးမားအတြငး မေရာကရေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးသည။ ဤနညးအားျဖင လအမားသည သန႔ရငးေသာေသာကသးေရမားက ရရပါသည။ သစေတာမား၏ အဆငအတနးကဆငးလာေသာအခါ ေျမဆလႊာတကစားမႈမားျဖစေပၚလာၿပး ထမတစဆင ႏႈနးေျမမား ျမစေခာငးမားအတြငး ေရာကရသြားကာ ေရအရညအေသြး ကဆငးသြားသည။ ခရမးေရာငအရငျဖငျပသထားေသာေနရာမားသည သစေတာမားမ လေနထထပရာေဒသအထကပငးတြင ႏႈနးေျမမားအထပထပထနးသမးထားျခငးျဖင လအမားအတြက သန႔ရငးေသာေရက ပပးေပးသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

Naw Mari Yoon, an eight-year-old Karen girl from 10-Mile Village in the Bago Yoma, fetches water from a tank her family buried in the river to collect

water. The villagers rely on the river as their main source of water, but say they’ve noticed the river has been getting drier over the past few years. The

Bago Yoma's once abundant natural resources have dwindled significantly over the past 20 years as a result of overexploitation and climate change.

ပခးရးမရ ဆယမငရြာမ ၈ႏစအရြယ

မနးကေလးငယတစဦးျဖစေသာ ေနာမရယြနးသည သမ၏မသားစမ ျမစအတြငး ေရဆညယထားရနအတြက

ျမပႏထားေသာ ေရစညအတြငးမ ေရခပယေနပ။ ရြာသားမားအေနျဖင အဓကေရအရငးအျမစအျဖစ ျမစေရက

အားထားေနရပါသည။ သ႔ရာတြင လြနခေသာ ႏစအနညးငယအတြငး ျမစေရမာ ခမးေျခာကလာသညဟ

ေျပာၾကသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Myanmar’s forests help to regulate the flow of water across seasons, thereby helping to ensure a steady supply of water to downstream areas throughout the year. Without forests, these areas would experience increased risk of droughts during the dry season. Areas in dark blue contain forests and vegetation that help provide water year-round to densely populated areas downstream.

ျမနမာႏငင၏သစေတာမားသည ေရစးဆငးမႈကရာသအလက ထနးညေပးျခငးျဖင ေအာကပငးေဒသမားတြင တစႏစပတလး ပမနေရရရေစရနကညေပးသည။ သစေတာမားမရပါက ဤေဒသမားတြင ေႏြရာသ၌မးေခါငေရရားမႈမားက ျဖစေပၚေစႏငပါသည။ အျပာေရာငအရငျဖငေဖာျပထားေသာေနရာမားသည လဦးေရထထပေသာ ေအာကပငးေဒသမားတြင တစႏစပတလးေရရရေစရနကညေပးေသာ သစေတာမားျဖစသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

A group of fishermen from Wae Ma Gite village, on the Dawei peninsula, hold up their catch of the day.

ထား၀ယကၽြ နးစြယရ၀မကကရြာမတငါသညတစဖြ႕သည ၎တ႔တစေန႔တာဖမးဆးရရေသာငါးမားကျပသေနစဥ။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

A view of the Tanintharyi River near Sin Phyu Daing, along the Dawei road. The river is becoming polluted due to gold mining. The Tanintharyi Region is being targeted for development including a Special Economic Zone north of

Dawei, a road connecting the region to Thailand and various industrial and extractive developments. A lot of this development is being carried out

without adequate planning or consideration of the impact on the landscape and the communities who depend on it.

ထား၀ယလမးတေလာက ဆငျဖတင အနးရ

တနသၤာရျမစတေလာက ျမငကြငး။ ေရႊတးေဖာျခငးေၾကာင ျမစမာ ညစညမးလာပါသည။ ဤေဒသမာ

ဖြ႔ၿဖးတးတကေရးစမကနးမား ျဖစေသာ ထား၀ယေျမာကဖကရ အထးစးပြားေရးဇ၊ ထငးႏငငႏင

ခတဆကရနလမးႏင အမးမးေသာ စကမႈနင တြငးထြကသယဇာတဖြ႔ၿဖးေရးလပငနးမား အတြက

ပစမတသဖြယျဖစေနပါသည။ ယငးဖြ႔ၿဖးတးတကေရးစမကနးမားမာ ေရရညတညတမႈက

အေျခခၿပး ေရးဆြထားျခငးမရသညအတြက ေဒသအေပၚသာမက သစေတာမား၊ျမစမားက

မတငးေနထငၾကေသာ လမႈအသငးအ၀ငးမားအေပၚတြငပါ ႀကးမားကယျပန႔ေသာ သကေရာကမႈမားရေနပါသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MANY AREAS OF MYANMAR THAT PROVIDE BENEFITS TO PEOPLE HAVE

ALSO BEEN IDENTIFIED AS KEYBIODIVERSITY AREAS. WITHOUT

PROTECTION, THESE AREAS ARE LEFT OPEN TO EXPLOITATION AND

DEGRADATION. PROTECTING THEM IS CRITICAL TO ENSURE HABITAT FOR

WILDLIFE AND CONTINUED PROVISION OF BENEFITS FOR PEOPLE.

An aerial view of the Tanintharyi forest landscape and Tanintharyi River, close to the Dawei road along the border of Myanmar and Thailand. Myanmar’s Tanintharyi Region is part of one of the most biologically diverse places on

the planet. The landscape connects forests in Thailand with forests in Myanmar, providing a safe passage for wildlife to migrate, feed and mate. It also provides the communities who live here with countless benefits such as

food, water and livelihoods.

ထငးႏငငႏင ျမနမာႏငငနယစပတေလာကရ ထား၀ယေရနကဆပကမးလမးမႀကးႏင ကပလကရေသာ

တနသၤာရျမစႏင သစေတာမားအား ေကာငးကငမ ျမငရေသာျမငကြငး။

ျမနမာႏငင၏တနသၤာရေဒသသည ကမ႓ာေပၚတြင ဇ၀မးစမးကြမား ၾကြယ၀မႈအမားဆးေဒသမားမ

တစချဖစသည။ ဤေဒသရသစေတာမားသည ထငးႏငငႏင ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမားက ဆကစပေပးၿပး

ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမား ေရြ႕ေျပာငးသြားလာရန၊ အစာရာရနႏင မးပြားရနအတြက လၿခစတခစြာျဖတသနးသြားလာႏငသည

လမးေၾကာငးမားကပပးေပးသည။ ထ႔အျပင ေဒသခမားအတြက အစားအစာ၊ ေရႏင

အသကေမြး၀မးေၾကာငးမႈ အစရေသာ မေရတြကႏငေသာအကးေကးဇးမားကလညး

ပပးေပးပါသည။

Photo © WWF /Adam Oswell

Myanmar’s forests, oceans, mountains, rivers and other natural environments provide vital benefits to people and are also home to rich biodiversity. Areas in dark green provide high levels of ecosystem services to Myanmar's people. Many of these areas coincide with Key Biodiversity Areas (outlined in red) - areas that are globally important for biodiversity conservation. Protecting and managing these areas well can therefore support people and wildlife.

ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမား၊ ပငလယသမဒၵရာမား၊ ေတာငတနးမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငမားသည လတ႔အတြက အေရးပါေသာအကးေကးဇးမားကပပးေပးၾကသကသ႔ ၾကြယ၀ေသာဇ၀မးစမးကြမား၏ ရငသနေနထငရာလညးျဖစသည။ အစမးရငေရာငရေသာနယေျမေဒသမားသည ျမနမာႏငငအတြက မားစြာေသာေဂဟစနစ၀နေဆာငမႈမားအား ေထာကပေပးလကရၿပး အနေရာငျဖငျပသထားသညအဓကဇ၀မးစမးကြမားရရာေဒသမားႏငလညး တစထပတညးကေနသည။ အနေရာငေဒသမားသည ဇ၀မးစတမးကြမားထနးသမးျခငးအတြက ကမၻာလးဆငရာအတငးအတာျဖင အေရးႀကးေသာ ေနရာေဒသမားျဖစၾကသည။ ထ႔ေၾကာင ဤေဒသမားကထနးသမးေစာငေရာကျခငးသည လႏင ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမားအတြက အကးေကးဇးမားစြာ ရရမညျဖစသည။

References: BirdLife International, Conservation International, and WCS Myanmar Program (2013). Key Biodiversity Areas of Myanmar. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK and Conservation International, Arlington, VA USA. These data represent a subset of global Important Bird Areas developed and maintained by the BirdLife partnership and Key Biodiversity Areas developed and maintained by Conservation international and partners. Please contact science@birdlife.org or data@conservation.org for further information. WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

U Kyi Win, from Wae Ma Gite village on the Dawei peninsula, on his way out to look for fish among the mangroves. “It was easier to find fish and other

creatures in the past, but not anymore,” he says.

“It’s simple – the smaller the mangrove forest becomes, the less fish and other animals there are.”

တနသၤာရတငး၊ ထား၀ယကၽြ နးဆြယရ ၀မကကေကးရြာမ

ဦးၾကည၀ငးသည ဒေရေတာအတြငး ငါးရာထြကလာပ။ “အရငက ငါးန႔တျခားအေကာငေလးေတြ

ရာရတာလြယပါတယ။ ဒါေပမယ အခ မလြယေတာပါဘး။ ေျပာရမယဆရငလြယလြယေလးပါ။ ဒေရေတာ

အရြယအစားငယလာတာန႔အမ ငါးန႔အျခားတရစာၦနေတြလညးနလာမာပါ” ဟ

သကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Mangrove forests, coral reefs, and other natural habitats along Myanmar’s coast act as a physical barrier between land and shore, helping to protect people from cyclones and storm surges. They also provide food and habitat for fish, shrimp and other species – an essential food source and livelihood opportunity for people living along the coast. The areas in dark yellow show where natural habitats play an important role in reducing risk from erosion and storm surges to coastal communities.

မနတငးအႏရာယမေလာပါးသကသာေစသည ကမး႐းတနးေဒသမားျမနမာကမး႐းတနးတေလာကရ ဒေရေတာမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ေပါကပငမားသည ကနးေျမႏင ပငလယကမးစပက အဟန႔အတားတစခအျဖစ ေဆာငရြကေပးျခငးျဖင ဆငကလနးမားႏင သမဒၵရာလႈငးလးႀကးမားအႏရာယမ လသားမားက ကာကြယရနကညေပးသည။ ထ႔အျပင ဤေဒသမားသည အစားအစာမားကပပးေပးၿပးႏင ငါး၊ ပစြနႏင အျခားမးစတမားအတြက ေနရငးေဒသမားကပပးေပးျခငးျဖင ကမရးတနးေဒသတြငေနထငေသာေဒသခမားအတြက မရမျဖစလအပေသာ အစားအစာအရငးအျမစႏင အသကေမြး၀မးမႈအခြငအလမးကလညး ဖနတးေပးသည။ အ၀ါေရာငအရငျဖငျပထားေသာေနရာေဒသမားရဒေရေတာမားသည ကမး႐းတနးတစေလာကတြငေနထငေသာ ေဒသခမားအတြက ေျမဆလႊာတကစားျခငးအႏရာယႏင မနတငးေၾကာငျဖစေပၚလာသည လငးလးႀကးမား၏ အႏရာယတ႔က ေလာပါးသကသာေစရနအတြက အေရးႀကးသညအခနးက႑မပါ၀ငသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

A man from Phaung Taw Gyi village, in Tanintharyi’s Banchaung valley, packs sacks of betel nuts to be transported to Dawei. Most farmers in the

Banchaung Region practice a shi�ing cultivation method referred to locally as taungya. Taungya is a system of forestry where short term food crops are

grown together with timber. However, as the population and demand for land increases, taungya is becoming di�cult to practice. The loss of forests, as a

result of clearance for palm oil and rubber plantations for example, also means a loss of other essential resources such as water.

တနသၤာရတငး ဘနေခာငျမစ၀မးရ ေဖာငေတာႀကးေကးရြာမ အမးသားတစဦး ထား၀ယသ႔ပ႔ရန ကြမးသးမားထပပးေနပ။

ဘနေခာငေဒသရ လယသမားအမားစမာ ရးရာ ေတာငယာစကပးသမားျဖစၾကသည။ ေတာငယာစနစမာ

ေျမက ရငးလငး၍ သးႏမားဦးစြာ စကပးၿပးေနာက သစမးစတမား၏ အေစမားက စကပးသညစနစျဖစသည။

သ႔ေသာလညး လဦးေရႏင ေျမေနရာေတာငးဆမႈမား မားျပားလာေသာေၾကာင ေတာငယာစနစက

ကငသးရနခကခလာပါသည။ သစေတာမားဆးရးပကစးျခငးသည ေရ၏အရညအေသြးႏင

အသးျပႏငမႈကသ႔ေသာ မရမျဖစလအပေသာ အရငးအျမစမားပကစးဆးရးျခငးပငျဖစသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Ko Myo Naing places crab traps in the mangroves near Wae Ma Gite village on the Dawei peninsula.

Mangrove forests and other vegetation that line Myanmar’s coast provide

food and habitat for a large variety of fish, shrimp and other species that are an essential food source and livelihood opportunity for people living along the

coast. They also act as a physical barrier between land and shore, helping to protect people from cyclones and storm surges.

ကမးႏငသည ထား၀ယကၽြ နးဆြယရ ၀မကကေကးရြာ

အနးရ ဒေရေတာတြင ဂဏနးေထာငေခာကမား ေထာငထားေနပ။

ျမနမာကမးရးတမး တေလာကရ ဒေရေတာမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ေပါကပငတ႔သည

ကမးရးတမးတေလာကေနထငၾကေသာ လတ႔အတြက အေရးပါေသာ အစာအရငးအျမစႏင အသကေမြးမႈ

အခြငအလမးမားျဖစသည အမးမးေသာ ငါး၊ ပစြနႏင အျခား မးစတမားအတြက အစာႏင ကကစားေနထငရာ

ေနရာမားလညး ဖနတးေပးပါသည။ ထ႔အျပင ၎တ႔သည ကနးတြငးပငးႏင ကမးစပတ႔က ျခားနားထားေသာ

အတားအဆး သဖြယ ျဖစေနေသာေၾကာင လသားတ႔က ဆငကလးႏင မနတငးမား တဟနထးတကခတျခငးမ

ကညကာကြယေပးပါသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MYANMAR IS THE SECONDMOST VULNERABLE COUNTRY IN THE

WORLD TO CLIMATE CHANGE.KEEPING FORESTS HEALTHY SO THEY MAINTAIN LOCAL CLIMATE PATTERNS AND CONTINUE TO ABSORB CARBON

DIOXIDE IS CRITICAL TO MYANMAR’SCLIMATE RESILIANCE.

Deforestation along the planned Dawei road, close to the Thai border. Roads increase access to landscapes, driving deforestation. Along the

planned Dawei road in Tanintharyi, deforestation has been extensive since the access road for the project was put in place about a decade ago. Land use

change along the road could impact communities living downstream as a decline in forest cover will lead to an increase in erosion.

ေဖာကလပရနစစဥထားသည ထား၀ယေရနကဆပကမးလမးမတစေလာက

ထငးႏငငနယနမတႏင ထစပလကရေသာ ေနရာရသစေတာျပနးတးမႈမား။

လမးမားသည ေဒသမားသ႔ ၀ငထြကသြားလာမႈက ပမလြယကေစၿပး သစေတာျပနးတးမႈက ျဖစေပၚေစပါသည။

တနသၤာရေဒသတြငးရ ေဖာကလပရနစစဥထားေသာ ထား၀ယေရနကဆပကမးလမးမတေလာကရ

သစေတာျပနးတးမႈမားမာ စမကနးစတငခသည ဆယစႏစတစခေကာအတြငးတြင မားစြာတးျမငလာခသည။

လမးမႀကးတေလာက ေျမအသးခမႈေျပာငးလလာျခငးမားသည

သစေတာဖးလႊမးမႈက ေလာကေစၿပး အကးဆကအားျဖင ေျမလႊာတကစားမႈက ပမမားျပားလာေစႏငျခငးေၾကာင

ေအာကဖကတြင ေနထငလကရေသာ ေဒသခမားအားထခကႏငပါသည။

Photo © WWF / Adam Oswell

Myanmar is already seeing higher temperatures, greater rainfall variability, and increasing sea levels along the coast, all of which will increase as temperatures continue to rise in the coming decades. People across Myanmar are facing the impacts, especially through more frequent and extreme weather events—such as extreme storms, floods and heat waves—driven by climate change. Healthy forests absorb carbon dioxide, can reduce flooding and erosion, and help regulate local climate patterns, making them critical to building Myanmar’s climate resilience.

ျမနမာႏငငသည အပခနျမငတကလာျခငး၊ ႀကးမားေသာမးေရခနေျပာငးလမႈမားႏင ကမး႐းတနးတေလာကပငလယေရမကႏာျပငပမျမငတကလာျခငးတ႔က ႀကေတြ႕လကရၿပး ေဖာျပပါျဖစစဥအားလးတ႔သည လာမညဆယစႏစမားတြင အပခနပမျမငတကလာမႈႏငအတ ပမတးျမငလာမညျဖစသည။ ျမနမာႏငငတစ၀မးရ လမားသည ရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈ၏အကးဆကမားက ေတြ႕ႀကခစားေနရသည။ အထးသျဖင ပမ၍မၾကာခဏျဖစေပၚလကရေသာ ထးျခားရာသဥတျဖစစဥမား ျဖစသည ျပငးထနေသာမနတငးမား၊ ေရလႊမးမးမႈမားႏင အပလႈငးမားသည ရာသေျပာငးလျခငး၏ အကးဆကမားျဖစသည။ ကနးမာေသာသစေတာမားသည ကာဗြနဒငေအာကဆဒဓါတေငြ႕က စပယျခငး၊ ေရလႊမးမႈးမႈမားအား ေလာခေပးျခငး၊ ေဒသတြငးရာသဥတပစမားက ထနးညေပးၿပး ျမနမာႏငင၏ ရာသဥတဒဏႀကႀကခႏငမႈအတြက အလြနပငအေရးႀကးပါသည။

References: CCSR and WWF. (2016). Report on Climate Risk Information for Myanmar. The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA and WWF.

Ko Myo Naing places crab traps in the mangroves near Wae Ma Gite village on the Dawei peninsula.

Mangrove forests and other vegetation that line Myanmar’s coast provide

food and habitat for a large variety of fish, shrimp and other species that are an essential food source and livelihood opportunity for people living along the

coast. They also act as a physical barrier between land and shore, helping to protect people from cyclones and storm surges.

ကမးႏငသည ထား၀ယကၽြ နးဆြယရ ၀မကကေကးရြာ

အနးရ ဒေရေတာတြင ဂဏနးေထာငေခာကမား ေထာငထားေနပ။

ျမနမာကမးရးတမး တေလာကရ ဒေရေတာမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ေပါကပငတ႔သည

ကမးရးတမးတေလာကေနထငၾကေသာ လတ႔အတြက အေရးပါေသာ အစာအရငးအျမစႏင အသကေမြးမႈ

အခြငအလမးမားျဖစသည အမးမးေသာ ငါး၊ ပစြနႏင အျခား မးစတမားအတြက အစာႏင ကကစားေနထငရာ

ေနရာမားလညး ဖနတးေပးပါသည။ ထ႔အျပင ၎တ႔သည ကနးတြငးပငးႏင ကမးစပတ႔က ျခားနားထားေသာ

အတားအဆး သဖြယ ျဖစေနေသာေၾကာင လသားတ႔က ဆငကလးႏင မနတငးမား တဟနထးတကခတျခငးမ

ကညကာကြယေပးပါသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MYANMAR IS THE SECONDMOST VULNERABLE COUNTRY IN THE

WORLD TO CLIMATE CHANGE.KEEPING FORESTS HEALTHY SO THEY MAINTAIN LOCAL CLIMATE PATTERNS AND CONTINUE TO ABSORB CARBON

DIOXIDE IS CRITICAL TO MYANMAR’SCLIMATE RESILIANCE.

A man from Phaung Taw Gyi village, in Tanintharyi’s Banchaung valley, packs sacks of betel nuts to be transported to Dawei. Most farmers in the

Banchaung Region practice a shi�ing cultivation method referred to locally as taungya. Taungya is a system of forestry where short term food crops are

grown together with timber. However, as the population and demand for land increases, taungya is becoming di�cult to practice. The loss of forests, as a

result of clearance for palm oil and rubber plantations for example, also means a loss of other essential resources such as water.

တနသၤာရတငး ဘနေခာငျမစ၀မးရ ေဖာငေတာႀကးေကးရြာမ အမးသားတစဦး ထား၀ယသ႔ပ႔ရန ကြမးသးမားထပပးေနပ။

ဘနေခာငေဒသရ လယသမားအမားစမာ ရးရာ ေတာငယာစကပးသမားျဖစၾကသည။ ေတာငယာစနစမာ

ေျမက ရငးလငး၍ သးႏမားဦးစြာ စကပးၿပးေနာက သစမးစတမား၏ အေစမားက စကပးသညစနစျဖစသည။

သ႔ေသာလညး လဦးေရႏင ေျမေနရာေတာငးဆမႈမား မားျပားလာေသာေၾကာင ေတာငယာစနစက

ကငသးရနခကခလာပါသည။ သစေတာမားဆးရးပကစးျခငးသည ေရ၏အရညအေသြးႏင

အသးျပႏငမႈကသ႔ေသာ မရမျဖစလအပေသာ အရငးအျမစမားပကစးဆးရးျခငးပငျဖစသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

An aerial view of the Tanintharyi forest landscape and Tanintharyi River, close to the Dawei road along the border of Myanmar and Thailand. Myanmar’s Tanintharyi Region is part of one of the most biologically diverse places on

the planet. The landscape connects forests in Thailand with forests in Myanmar, providing a safe passage for wildlife to migrate, feed and mate. It also provides the communities who live here with countless benefits such as

food, water and livelihoods.

ထငးႏငငႏင ျမနမာႏငငနယစပတေလာကရ ထား၀ယေရနကဆပကမးလမးမႀကးႏင ကပလကရေသာ

တနသၤာရျမစႏင သစေတာမားအား ေကာငးကငမ ျမငရေသာျမငကြငး။

ျမနမာႏငင၏တနသၤာရေဒသသည ကမ႓ာေပၚတြင ဇ၀မးစမးကြမား ၾကြယ၀မႈအမားဆးေဒသမားမ

တစချဖစသည။ ဤေဒသရသစေတာမားသည ထငးႏငငႏင ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမားက ဆကစပေပးၿပး

ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမား ေရြ႕ေျပာငးသြားလာရန၊ အစာရာရနႏင မးပြားရနအတြက လၿခစတခစြာျဖတသနးသြားလာႏငသည

လမးေၾကာငးမားကပပးေပးသည။ ထ႔အျပင ေဒသခမားအတြက အစားအစာ၊ ေရႏင

အသကေမြး၀မးေၾကာငးမႈ အစရေသာ မေရတြကႏငေသာအကးေကးဇးမားကလညး

ပပးေပးပါသည။

Photo © WWF /Adam Oswell

Myanmar’s forests, oceans, mountains, rivers and other natural environments provide vital benefits to people and are also home to rich biodiversity. Areas in dark green provide high levels of ecosystem services to Myanmar's people. Many of these areas coincide with Key Biodiversity Areas (outlined in red) - areas that are globally important for biodiversity conservation. Protecting and managing these areas well can therefore support people and wildlife.

ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမား၊ ပငလယသမဒၵရာမား၊ ေတာငတနးမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငမားသည လတ႔အတြက အေရးပါေသာအကးေကးဇးမားကပပးေပးၾကသကသ႔ ၾကြယ၀ေသာဇ၀မးစမးကြမား၏ ရငသနေနထငရာလညးျဖစသည။ အစမးရငေရာငရေသာနယေျမေဒသမားသည ျမနမာႏငငအတြက မားစြာေသာေဂဟစနစ၀နေဆာငမႈမားအား ေထာကပေပးလကရၿပး အနေရာငျဖငျပသထားသညအဓကဇ၀မးစမးကြမားရရာေဒသမားႏငလညး တစထပတညးကေနသည။ အနေရာငေဒသမားသည ဇ၀မးစတမးကြမားထနးသမးျခငးအတြက ကမၻာလးဆငရာအတငးအတာျဖင အေရးႀကးေသာ ေနရာေဒသမားျဖစၾကသည။ ထ႔ေၾကာင ဤေဒသမားကထနးသမးေစာငေရာကျခငးသည လႏင ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမားအတြက အကးေကးဇးမားစြာ ရရမညျဖစသည။

References: BirdLife International, Conservation International, and WCS Myanmar Program (2013). Key Biodiversity Areas of Myanmar. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK and Conservation International, Arlington, VA USA. These data represent a subset of global Important Bird Areas developed and maintained by the BirdLife partnership and Key Biodiversity Areas developed and maintained by Conservation international and partners. Please contact science@birdlife.org or data@conservation.org for further information. WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

U Kyi Win, from Wae Ma Gite village on the Dawei peninsula, on his way out to look for fish among the mangroves. “It was easier to find fish and other

creatures in the past, but not anymore,” he says.

“It’s simple – the smaller the mangrove forest becomes, the less fish and other animals there are.”

တနသၤာရတငး၊ ထား၀ယကၽြ နးဆြယရ ၀မကကေကးရြာမ

ဦးၾကည၀ငးသည ဒေရေတာအတြငး ငါးရာထြကလာပ။ “အရငက ငါးန႔တျခားအေကာငေလးေတြ

ရာရတာလြယပါတယ။ ဒါေပမယ အခ မလြယေတာပါဘး။ ေျပာရမယဆရငလြယလြယေလးပါ။ ဒေရေတာ

အရြယအစားငယလာတာန႔အမ ငါးန႔အျခားတရစာၦနေတြလညးနလာမာပါ” ဟ

သကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Mangrove forests, coral reefs, and other natural habitats along Myanmar’s coast act as a physical barrier between land and shore, helping to protect people from cyclones and storm surges. They also provide food and habitat for fish, shrimp and other species – an essential food source and livelihood opportunity for people living along the coast. The areas in dark yellow show where natural habitats play an important role in reducing risk from erosion and storm surges to coastal communities.

မနတငးအႏရာယမေလာပါးသကသာေစသည ကမး႐းတနးေဒသမားျမနမာကမး႐းတနးတေလာကရ ဒေရေတာမားႏင အျခားသဘာ၀ေပါကပငမားသည ကနးေျမႏင ပငလယကမးစပက အဟန႔အတားတစခအျဖစ ေဆာငရြကေပးျခငးျဖင ဆငကလနးမားႏင သမဒၵရာလႈငးလးႀကးမားအႏရာယမ လသားမားက ကာကြယရနကညေပးသည။ ထ႔အျပင ဤေဒသမားသည အစားအစာမားကပပးေပးၿပးႏင ငါး၊ ပစြနႏင အျခားမးစတမားအတြက ေနရငးေဒသမားကပပးေပးျခငးျဖင ကမရးတနးေဒသတြငေနထငေသာေဒသခမားအတြက မရမျဖစလအပေသာ အစားအစာအရငးအျမစႏင အသကေမြး၀မးမႈအခြငအလမးကလညး ဖနတးေပးသည။ အ၀ါေရာငအရငျဖငျပထားေသာေနရာေဒသမားရဒေရေတာမားသည ကမး႐းတနးတစေလာကတြငေနထငေသာ ေဒသခမားအတြက ေျမဆလႊာတကစားျခငးအႏရာယႏင မနတငးေၾကာငျဖစေပၚလာသည လငးလးႀကးမား၏ အႏရာယတ႔က ေလာပါးသကသာေစရနအတြက အေရးႀကးသညအခနးက႑မပါ၀ငသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

A view of the Tanintharyi River near Sin Phyu Daing, along the Dawei road. The river is becoming polluted due to gold mining. The Tanintharyi Region is being targeted for development including a Special Economic Zone north of

Dawei, a road connecting the region to Thailand and various industrial and extractive developments. A lot of this development is being carried out

without adequate planning or consideration of the impact on the landscape and the communities who depend on it.

ထား၀ယလမးတေလာက ဆငျဖတင အနးရ

တနသၤာရျမစတေလာက ျမငကြငး။ ေရႊတးေဖာျခငးေၾကာင ျမစမာ ညစညမးလာပါသည။ ဤေဒသမာ

ဖြ႔ၿဖးတးတကေရးစမကနးမား ျဖစေသာ ထား၀ယေျမာကဖကရ အထးစးပြားေရးဇ၊ ထငးႏငငႏင

ခတဆကရနလမးႏင အမးမးေသာ စကမႈနင တြငးထြကသယဇာတဖြ႔ၿဖးေရးလပငနးမား အတြက

ပစမတသဖြယျဖစေနပါသည။ ယငးဖြ႔ၿဖးတးတကေရးစမကနးမားမာ ေရရညတညတမႈက

အေျခခၿပး ေရးဆြထားျခငးမရသညအတြက ေဒသအေပၚသာမက သစေတာမား၊ျမစမားက

မတငးေနထငၾကေသာ လမႈအသငးအ၀ငးမားအေပၚတြငပါ ႀကးမားကယျပန႔ေသာ သကေရာကမႈမားရေနပါသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MANY AREAS OF MYANMAR THAT PROVIDE BENEFITS TO PEOPLE HAVE

ALSO BEEN IDENTIFIED AS KEYBIODIVERSITY AREAS. WITHOUT

PROTECTION, THESE AREAS ARE LEFT OPEN TO EXPLOITATION AND

DEGRADATION. PROTECTING THEM IS CRITICAL TO ENSURE HABITAT FOR

WILDLIFE AND CONTINUED PROVISION OF BENEFITS FOR PEOPLE.

A group of fishermen from Wae Ma Gite village, on the Dawei peninsula, hold up their catch of the day.

ထား၀ယကၽြ နးစြယရ၀မကကရြာမတငါသညတစဖြ႕သည ၎တ႔တစေန႔တာဖမးဆးရရေသာငါးမားကျပသေနစဥ။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Naw Mari Yoon, an eight-year-old Karen girl from 10-Mile Village in the Bago Yoma, fetches water from a tank her family buried in the river to collect

water. The villagers rely on the river as their main source of water, but say they’ve noticed the river has been getting drier over the past few years. The

Bago Yoma's once abundant natural resources have dwindled significantly over the past 20 years as a result of overexploitation and climate change.

ပခးရးမရ ဆယမငရြာမ ၈ႏစအရြယ

မနးကေလးငယတစဦးျဖစေသာ ေနာမရယြနးသည သမ၏မသားစမ ျမစအတြငး ေရဆညယထားရနအတြက

ျမပႏထားေသာ ေရစညအတြငးမ ေရခပယေနပ။ ရြာသားမားအေနျဖင အဓကေရအရငးအျမစအျဖစ ျမစေရက

အားထားေနရပါသည။ သ႔ရာတြင လြနခေသာ ႏစအနညးငယအတြငး ျမစေရမာ ခမးေျခာကလာသညဟ

ေျပာၾကသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Myanmar’s forests help to regulate the flow of water across seasons, thereby helping to ensure a steady supply of water to downstream areas throughout the year. Without forests, these areas would experience increased risk of droughts during the dry season. Areas in dark blue contain forests and vegetation that help provide water year-round to densely populated areas downstream.

ျမနမာႏငင၏သစေတာမားသည ေရစးဆငးမႈကရာသအလက ထနးညေပးျခငးျဖင ေအာကပငးေဒသမားတြင တစႏစပတလး ပမနေရရရေစရနကညေပးသည။ သစေတာမားမရပါက ဤေဒသမားတြင ေႏြရာသ၌မးေခါငေရရားမႈမားက ျဖစေပၚေစႏငပါသည။ အျပာေရာငအရငျဖငေဖာျပထားေသာေနရာမားသည လဦးေရထထပေသာ ေအာကပငးေဒသမားတြင တစႏစပတလးေရရရေစရနကညေပးေသာ သစေတာမားျဖစသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

A man from Pyar Thar Chaung village, in the Banchaung Valley in Tanintharyi, washes his face as he collects water from a bamboo pipe erected by villagers to divert water from the mountain. People living in the valley used to collect water from the river for drinking, but say they haven’t been able to drink the

river water for over a year because the water is polluted.

တနသၤာရတငး၊ ဘနေခာငခင႔၀မးရ ျပညသာေခာငးေကးရြာမ အမးသားတစဦး

ေတာငေပၚမစးဆငးလာေသာ ေရက လႊရန ရြာသားတ႔ ျပလပထားေသာ ၀ါးပကမ ေရကခပ၍ မကႏာသစေနပ။

ဘနေခာငျမစ၀မးတြင ေနထငၾကသတ႔သည ယခငက ျမစေရက ေသာကေရအျဖစ အသးျပၾကေသာလညး

လြနခေသာ တစႏစခြခန႔မစ၍ ျမစေရညစညမးလာေသာေၾကာင ေသာကေရအျဖစ

အသးမျပၾကေတာေၾကာငး ေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Myanmar’s forests and other vegetation hold soil in place, reducing erosion and keeping sediment out of streams and rivers. People benefit from this through improved drinking water quality. When forests are degraded, soil erodes and washes into rivers and streams, resulting in poor water quality. In areas shaded darker purple, people consume clean water due to upstream forests retaining large quantities of sediment.

ျမနမာႏငင၏ သစေတာမားႏင အျခားေပါကေရာကပငမားသည ေျမဆလႊာျပနးတးမႈက ေလာခေပးၿပး ႏႈနးအနညႏစမားက ျမစေခာငးမားအတြငး မေရာကရေစရနေဆာငရြကေပးသည။ ဤနညးအားျဖင လအမားသည သန႔ရငးေသာေသာကသးေရမားက ရရပါသည။ သစေတာမား၏ အဆငအတနးကဆငးလာေသာအခါ ေျမဆလႊာတကစားမႈမားျဖစေပၚလာၿပး ထမတစဆင ႏႈနးေျမမား ျမစေခာငးမားအတြငး ေရာကရသြားကာ ေရအရညအေသြး ကဆငးသြားသည။ ခရမးေရာငအရငျဖငျပသထားေသာေနရာမားသည သစေတာမားမ လေနထထပရာေဒသအထကပငးတြင ႏႈနးေျမမားအထပထပထနးသမးထားျခငးျဖင လအမားအတြက သန႔ရငးေသာေရက ပပးေပးသည။

References: WWF (2016). Mandle et al. Natural connections: How nature supports Myanmar’s people and economy. WWF, Yangon, Myanmar.

A boy swims in the Banchaung River near his village. People in his village rely on the river for food, drinking water and domestic use, but say the river has

been getting drier in recent years.

U Myo Win from Phaung Taw Gyi village believes deforestation up-river is to blame. “We have a saying – weather and climate rely on the forest.”

လငယေလးတစဦး သ၏ရြာအနးရ ဘနေခာငျမစအတြငးေရကးေနပ။ သ၏ရြာရ

ရြာသရြာသားတ႔သည ၎တ႔၏ အစားအစာ၊ ေသာကေရႏင ေနအမသးေရတ႔အတြက ဤျမစက အားျပၾကရသည။

သ႔ရာတြင လြနခေသာ ႏစအနညးငယအတြငး ဘနေခာငျမစမာ ေျခာကခမးလာၿပ ဟေျပာၾကသည။

ျမစေရေျခာကခမးလာျခငးမာ ျမစအထကပငးရ

သစေတာမားျပနးတးမႈေၾကာင ျဖစသညဟ ေဖာငေတာႀကးရြာမ ဦးမး၀ငးကယၾကညသည။ “ကၽြ နေတာတ႔မာ ဥတရာသ ေတာကမ၏ ဆတ

ဆရးစကားရပါတယ” ဟ သကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN MYANMAR DEPEND ON NATURE FOR FOOD, WATER, PROTECTION AGAINST

FLOODS AND COASTAL STORMS AND OTHER VITAL SERVICES. ADDRESSING NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON NATURE AND

SUSTAINABLY MANAGING MYANMAR’S NATURAL CAPITAL CAN

HELP SUSTAIN THOSE BENEFITS.

A Karen fisherman looks for fish in his net in the Banchaung River in Tanintharyi. The villages that surround the river rely on it for food, drinking

water and livelihoods, but the people who live here say the river has been drying up over the past few years.

“The Banchaung River is like a vein running through our villages,” says U Myo Win from Phaung Taw Gyi village. “We are sad to see the river getting drier

each year. The climate is changing too and it’s getting hotter.”

ကရငတငာသညတစဦး ဘနေခာငျမစအတြငး ငါးဖမးပကျဖင ငါးရာေနပ။ ဘနေခာငျမစတ၀ကရ ရြာမားသည အစားအစာ၊

ေသာကေရႏင သးေရတ႔က ရရရန ျမစအား မခအားထားရသည။ သ႔ရာတြင ျမစသည တစစတစစ

ေျခာကခမးစျပလာသည ဟ ျမစအနးအနားတြင ေနထငသမားမ ေျပာၾကသည။

“ဘနေခာငျမစဟာ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔ရြာေတြက

ျဖတသနးစးဆငးတ အသကေသြးေၾကာပါပ။ ဒျမစႀကး တစႏစထကတစႏစ ေျခာကခမးလာတာက ျမငရတာ

စတမေကာငးပါဘး။ ရာသဥတကလညး ေျပာငးလလာၿပး ပပလာပါတယ” ဟ ေဖာငေတာႀကးေကးရြာမ

ဦးမး၀ငးကေျပာသည။

Photo © WWF / Minzayar

Adam Oswell is an Australian conservationist and photographer specialising in wildlife conservation and protection. His work has appeared in a wide range of media and productions including the Guardian, TIME and Asian Geographic. A selection of Adam’s aerial photos of Myanmar’s Tanintharyi region are included in this exhibition.

“Taking photos from the air gives you an entirely new perspective of the landscape. These images are critical to understanding what still remains in terms of wildlife, forests and rivers and the incredibly valuable biodiversity that is at stake in Myanmar.”

Adam Oswell သည ၾသစေၾတးလလမး သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငခစျမတႏးသတစေယာကျဖစၿပး ေတာရငးတရစာၦနထနးသမးကာကြယေစာငေရာကျခငးက အထးျပသည ဓါတပဆရာတစဦးျဖစသည။ သ၏မတတမးဓါတပမားမာ Guardian, TIME ႏင Asian Geographic တ႔အပါအ၀င အျခားေသာသတငးမဒယာမားတြင ကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔ေဖာျပလကရသည။ ဤျပပြတြင Adam Oswell ရကကးထားေသာ ျမနမာႏငင တနသၤာရေဒသ၏ ေကာငးကငဓါတပမားမ အခ႕အား ထတႏတေဖာျပထားပါသည။

“ေလထမာပသနးၿပး ဓါတပရကရတာက ဒေဒသတစခလးန႔ပါတသကၿပး အျမငအသစကေပးတယ။ ဒဓါတပေတြက ျမနမာႏငငရ႕ကနရေနေသးတ ေတာရငးတရစာၦနေတြ၊ သစေတာေတြန႔ျမစေတြန႔ အရမးကအဖးတနတ ဇ၀မးစမးကြေတြ၊ ၿပးေတာ ဒအရာေတြအားလး ဘယလအႏရာယေတြန႔ရငဆငေနရတယဆတာက အားလးနားလညသေဘာေပါကေအာငရငးျပေပးတေနရာမာ အရမးက အေရးႀကးပါတယ။”

WHAT IS NATURAL CAPITAL?

Human. Nature. Two words with an unbreakable bond. In the pages that follow, we show this connection through photographs and maps – connecting science and art and introducing the idea that in order to save ourselves, we need to save nature’s bank account – its natural capital.

So what is natural capital? Simply put, it is the stock of natural assets – such as land, water, soil, plants, wildlife and air – that provides benefits to people. These benefits are called ecosystem services and include clean water and food, protection from natural hazards such as flooding and landslides, and opportunities for nature-based tourism and recreation. Natural capital is critical to human well-being and underpins economic productivity. Understanding where, when and how nature matters for people’s lives and livelihoods is essential for making decisions that secure these assets for economic and social development.

လႏင သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကင။ ခြျခားရနမျဖစႏငသည ဆကစပမႈရေသာ စကားလး (၂) ချဖစသည။ ေအာကေဖာျပပါစာမကႏာမားတြင ဤဆကစပမႈအား ဓါတပမား၊ ေျမပမားျဖင သပၸနညးပညာႏင အႏပညာအားဆကစပထားသည။ ကၽြႏပတ႔အေနျဖင မမကယကကယတငရနအတြက သဘာ၀တရား၏ ပငဆငမႈစာရငးျဖစသည သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးအား ထနးသမးေစာငေရာကရနလအပသည ဆေသာ အယအဆကလညးတငျပထားပါသည။ သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးဆသညမာ အဘယနညး။ ရးရးရငးရငးေျပာမညဆပါက ေျမ၊ ေရ၊ ေျမဆလႊာ၊ အပငမား၊ ေတာရငးတရစာၦနမားႏင ေလ အစရသည လသားမားအား အကးေကးဇးမားစြာ ပပးေပးသည လက၀ယတြငရေသာ သဘာ၀ပငဆငမႈမား၏ ပမာဏျဖစသည။ ဤအကးေကးဇးမားအား ေဂဟစနစ၀နေဆာငမႈမားဟ ေခၚၿပး ၎၀နေဆာငမႈမားတြင သန႔ရငးေသာေရႏင အစားအစာ၊ သဘာ၀ေဘးအႏရာယမားျဖစသည ေရႀကးျခငးႏင ေျမၿပျခငးမားမကာကြယေပးျခငး၊ သဘာ၀အေျခခခရးသြားလပငနးမားႏင အပနးေျဖျခငး စသညတ႔ပါ၀ငသည။ သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးသည လသားမား၏ ေကာငးကးအတြက အလြနအေရးႀကးၿပး စးပြားေရးကနထတလပငနးမားအတြက ေကာေထာကေနာကချပေပးပါသည။ လသားတ႔၏ ဘ၀ႏင အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးလပငနးမားအတြက သဘာ၀တရားသည မညသညေနရာ၊ မညသညအခနႏင မညသ႔မညပ အေရးပါသညက နားလညျခငးသည ယငးရပငခြငမားက လၿခစတခေစမည စးပြားေရးႏင လမႈေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးမႈဆးျဖတခကမားခမတရာတြင မရမျဖစလအပပါသည။

Minzayar Oo is an award-winning Myanmar photojournalist and documentary photographer whose work has been published in TIME, The New York Times and GEO, among others. In addition to being awarded first prize in this year’s Yangon Photo Festival, Minzayar’s accolades include two China International Press Photo awards, the Days Japan International Photojournalism Award and a nomination for the prestigious Joop Swart Masterclass by World Press Photo in 2016. This collection of photographs was shot in Myanmar’s Tanintharyi and Bago regions.

“Shooting this amazing landscape, and listening to the stories of those who live here, made me realize just how much we depend on nature - for food, for livelihoods, for survival. It was also a haunting reminder of everything we stand to lose. I hope that this exhibition will help us understand how closely connected we are to our natural environment and why it is so important to conserve it.”

မငးေဇယာဦးသည TIME ၊ The New York Times ႏင GEO စသည မဂၢဇငးမားတြင ၄ငး၏ဓါတပမားက ပႏပေဖာျပျခငးခရသည ဆရျမနမာဓါတပသတငးေထာကႏင မတတမးတငဓါတပဆရာတစဦး ျဖစသည။ ယခႏစအတြက ရနကနဓါတပပြေတာ (Yangon Photo Festival) တြင ပထမဆခးျမႇငခခရသညအျပင တ႐တႏငငအျပညျပညဆငရာပႏပဓါတပဆႏစဆႏင ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ ကမၻာပႏပဓါတပအဖြ႕ (World Press Photo) မေပးအပသည Joop Swart Masterclass အတြက အဆျပျခငးခရသတစဦးျဖစပါသည။ ဤဓါတပမားအား ျမနမာႏငင၏ တနသၤာရႏင ပခးေဒသမားတြငရကကးချခငးျဖစပါသည။

“အရမးထးျခားတဒေဒသက မတတမးဓါတပရကကးရငး၊ ေဒသခေတြေျပာတ ဇာတလမးေတြကနားေထာငၿပးတအခနမာ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔အားလးဟာ အစားအစာ၊ေရႏင ရငသနမႈအတြက သဘာ၀တရားအေပၚ ဘယေလာကမခေနရလဆတာက ကၽြ နေတာနားလညသေဘာေပါကလာတယ။ ကၽြ နေတာတ႔ဆးရႈးသြားႏငတယ အရာတငးအတြကလညး တစခနလးသတေပးႏႈးေဆာခကေနတယ။ ဒျပပြကေနၿပးေတာမ သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငန႔ကၽြ နေတာတ႔လသားေတြရ႕ အနးကပဆကစပေနမႈ၊ ေနာကၿပး ဘာေၾကာင ဒသဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငက ကာကြယထနးသမးဖ႔ အရမးအေရးႀကးသလဆတာေတြက ပၿပးနားလညလာေအာငရငးျပေပးႏငလမမယလ႔ ေမာလငပါတယ။”

At this crossroads moment, WWF is connecting the dots between humans and nature: Forests purify drinking water, reduce the impact of floods and absorb carbon. Mangroves bu�er against coastal storms and are nurseries for fish. Free flowing rivers quench parched landscapes and provide food and livelihoods for fishing communities.

Do these connections matter? Are we as humans aware? Can we help to protect the very nature that sustains us? This exhibition, by award-winning documentary photographer Minzayar, asks these questions by capturing in intimate detail our remarkable relationship with nature, documenting the many ways in which people benefit from it, and the threats already facing some of Myanmar’s most extraordinary landscapes. အဆပါအလညအေျပာငးကာလတြင WWF သည လႏငသဘာ၀တ႔၏ အျပနအလနဆကစပမႈမားက ေဖာထတေပးလကရသည။ သစေတာမားသည ေရလႊမးမးမႈအႏရာယမား ေလာခေပးျခငး၊ ကာဗြနကစပယထနးသမးျခငးမား ေဆာငရြကၿပး တစဆကတညးမာပင ေရကသန႔စင၍ သန႔ရငးေသာေသာကသးေရမားပပးေပးပါသည။ ဒေရေတာမားသည ကမးရးမနတငးမားမ ကာကြယေပးၿပး ငါးမားအတြက ေပါကပြားရာေနရာမားက ဖနတးေပးသည။ လြတလပစြာစးဆငးလကရေသာျမစမားသည ပျပငးေျခာကေသြ႕ေနေသာေဒသမားကစေျပေစၿပး ေဒသခမားအတြက အစားအစာႏင အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးမႈမားက ပပးေပးပါသည။

ဤဆကစပမားသည အေရးႀကးပါသလား။ ကၽြ ႏပတ႔လမားမလညး သရၾကပါသလား။ ကၽြ ႏပတ႔အား စဥဆကမျပတအကးျပလကရသည သဘာ၀ႀကးအား ပးေပါငးကာကြယ၍ရႏငပါသလား၊ ယချပပြတြင အထကပါေမးခြနးမားအတြက လႏငသဘာ၀တရား၏ ထးျခားအေရးပါေသာအေသးစတကသညဆကစပမႈမား၊ လသားမားအေနျဖင သဘာ၀ပတ၀နးကငထမ အကးေကးဇးမားက ဘကေပါငးစမရရေနမႈမားႏင ျမနမာႏငင၏ ထးျခားေသာေဒသမားတြင ႀကေတြ႕ေနရေသာ စနေခၚမႈမားကအေၾကာငးက ဆရမတတမးတငဓါတပဆရာမငးေဇယာမ မတတမးဓါတပမားရကကးခပါသည။

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Design: Matt Grace (Myanmar Deitta)

Photos: © WWF / Minzayar, © WWF / Adam Oswell

Text: Charlotte Rose (WWF) and Hanna Helsingen (WWF)

Maps: Stacie Wolny (The Natural Capital Project) and Michele Dailey (WWF)

Natural Capital Assessments: The Natural Capital Project - Lisa Mandle, Stacie Wolny, Perrine Hamel and WWF - Nirmal Bhagabati and Adam Dixon

Special thanks to: Climate Systems Research at Columbia University - Radley Horton, Corey Lesk, Danielle Peters and Manishka De Mel. Sky Club Asia - Mark Silverberg, Paul Derstro� and Wolfgang Biegler. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and Birdlife International for maps of Key Biodiversity Areas in Myanmar. WWF - A. Christy Williams, Nicholas Cox, Saw Wah Thu, Jill Schwartz, Alex MacLennan, Sarah Forrest, Ryan Bartlett Lee Poston, Sai Nay Won Myint and Zin Mar.

This project was made possible with funding from The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.

Published: May 2016 by WWF-Myanmar

TO LEARN MORE VISIT:

www.wwf.org.mmwww.naturalcapitalproject.org

Myanmar is one of the most biologically diverse places on earth. Millions of people depend on its forests, rivers and coastal habitats for food, water, livelihoods and other vital services such as protection against floods and coastal storms. As Myanmar is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the e­ects of climate change, the role that these ecosystems play in protecting us against natural hazards and rising temperatures is even more important.

But as Myanmar stands poised for rapid development, it finds itself in a tough balancing act. How can the country li� its citizens out of poverty while protecting its forests, rivers and other natural assets? And how can it do so now, before its natural capital is degraded and overexploited in exchange for short-term economic gains?

ျမနမာႏငငသည ကမၻာေပၚတြင ဇ၀ေဗဒအရ ကြျပားျခားနားမႈအရဆးေသာ ေနရာမားစြာအနကတစချဖစပါသည။ သနးေပါငးမားစြာေသာလမားသည အစားအစာ၊ ေရ၊ အသကေမြး၀မးေကာငးမႈမားႏင အျခားေသာအေရးႀကးသည၀နေဆာငမႈမားျဖစသည ေရလႊမးမးမႈအႏရာယႏင ကမးရးတမးမနတငးမားမကာကြယျခငးမားအတြက သစေတာမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင ကမး႐းတမးမားေဂဟစနစမားအေပၚ မခလကရသည။ ျမနမာႏငငသည ကမ႓ာေပၚတြင ရာသဥတေျပာငးလမႈ၏ အကးသကေရာကမႈေၾကာင ထခကမႈအမားဆးျဖစသညႏငငမားအနကတစချဖစေသာေၾကာင အဆပါေဂဟစနစမားမေပးသည သဘာ၀ေဘးအႏရာယမားႏင အပခနျမငတကမႈမကာကြယျခငးမားသည ပ၍ပငအေရးႀကးေပသည။

သ႔ေသာ ျမနမာႏငငသည အရနအဟနျဖငဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကရန ျပငဆငလကရၿပး ဟနခကမေအာငေဆာငရြကရနအတြက ခကခလကရသည။ တငးျပညအေနျဖင သစေတာမား၊ ျမစေခာငးမားႏင အျခားေသာသယဇာတမားက ကာကြယရငး ႏငငသားမားက ဆငးရတြငးမ မညသ႔ဆြထတႏငမညနညး။ ထ႔အျပင ႏငင၏သဘာ၀အရငးအႏးမား အရညအေသြးကဆငးျခငးႏင ကာလတစးပြားေရးအကးအျမတအတြက အလြနအကၽြ ေဖာထတသးစြျခငးမားမျပမ လကရမညသ႔ေဆာငရြကႏငမညနညး။

HUMAN. NATURE.