human interaction, social protocols and collaborative applications
TRANSCRIPT
Human Interaction, Social Protocolsand Collaborative Applications
(http://agws.dit.upm.es/Isabel/other/)
Prof. Juan Quemada<[email protected]>
UPM - Universidad Politécnica de MadridWeticeWetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome
Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome 2
Social Intelligence*Humans are fundamentally social beings
“We are wired to connect with others”
We have a natural disposition toEmpathy, cooperation, group work, altruism
How How doesdoes ourour social social brainbrain worksworks onon thetheInternet?Internet?
*”Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships, by Daniel Goleman
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The last 50 cms to the userCan we really connect with others over theInternet?
And feelfeel that there is somebody at the other side
What is missing inthe last 50 cms to the user?
Technology, protocols, applications, etc.Or a sense of social linkage & empathy?
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Social Protocols (other definitions)
Standards of polite behaviour (CSCW)Netiquette:
Conventions for correct use of Internet TechnologyNorms that enable to express social capabilities
Including trust relationshipsXFN (Friend of a Friend) based Web annotations
for incremental creation of social networks……
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Social protocols are part of our “Social Intelligence”Enabling us to create successful groups and societies
Social protocols areExplicit representations of
Interaction rules used in human groups and societies
Social protocols map easily into our mental models of group interaction
Triggering behavioural and cognitive human processes
Social Protocols (this view)
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The Collaborative Floor
Collaboration on the Internet traditionally empasizes (floor) control rights
We must rethink the floor (PC, PDA, Mobile, ..)as a place for human interaction
As humans interact using Social protocolslet’s do “Social Social ProtocolProtocol BasedBased DesignDesign”
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The Isabel ApplicationIsabel development started in 1993
For supporting distributed realisation of ABC93-6RACE Advanced Broadband Communication Summer Schools
Goal: Interaction across remote auditoriums similar to co-located
Isabel develops a novel context aware service idea, whereInteractions are context dependentFloor control manages context and interaction at diferent levels
Isabel services were developed usingSocial Social ProtocolProtocol BasedBased DesignDesign
Prof. Juan Quemada Wetice 2008, 23rd June 2008, Rome
ABC´96
- 4 day event in June 1996 with ~20 remote sites- Terrestrial and satellite ATM 6Mbit/s connections- Sites with speakers: Aveiro, Berlin, Brussels, Madrid, Naples- Other Sites: Athens, Barcelona, Bern, Den Haag, Linz,
Oslo, Ottawa, Paris, Rejkiavik, Rome, Turin, ...
Stockolm
AveiroMadrid
Ottawa
Paris
Iceland
Berlin
U.Linz
Naples
Geneva
Athens
BaselBrussels
Groningen
Turin
Oslo
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Defining Isabel services (Step 1)
Identification of the different types of interactionsCalled Interaction Modes (IM)
Feedback from events was useful to identify and tune IMs
Examples different context during a congressa presentation, a question round or a panel discussion
A different Interaction Mode is assigned for each one
The target activities have beenCongresses (program driven events)More informal meetingsClassroomsBut there are other
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Defining Isabel services (Step 2)Define for each Interaction Mode
Context Context and Interaction ModelInteraction Model
Context definition:Unique visual configuration
Interaction Model definitionIdentification of existing roles
Chair, speaker, attendeeIdentification of interaction events
Hand raising, turn giving, time signalling, …
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Defining Isabel services (Step 3)
Implementation context and model in Isabel
The context is introduced with a control protocolConfigures all Isabel terminals with the same visual layout
The Model has two floor control levelsLevel 1: Interaction mode change
The panel for IM change is activated only in the control sitesLevel 2: Intra IM control
Only sites with associated participation role will have control buttons and open audio and video channels
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Evolution of Isabel ServicesTele-conference (ABC’93-96):
Congress realisationScript driven centralized floor
Only way to assure program delivery
Tele-meeting (Tecodis RACE Proj. 96-98): Enterprise project meetings
Easy to use distributed floor
Tele-class (Vodafone Master 98-00): Distributed classrooms with semi-centralized control
Control by lecturer or operator
ServicesServices havehave similar similar IMsIMs, , butbutfloorfloor control control modelsmodels differdiffer
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Interactionist School
“Interactionists characterize the world in terms of sequences of fleeting actions where each is seen as a response to what came before and as a stimulus to what comes afterwards”*
* H. Sacks, 1995, Lectures in Conversation, Cambridge Mass.* D. Gibson, 2005, Taking Turns and Talking Ties: Networks and Conversational
Interaction, AJS Volume 110 Number 6 (may 2005): 1561-97.
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Social Protocol Definition
“Action (event, signal, message, ..) driven humanhuman interaction and context awareness
rules to support effective group work or behaviour”
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The model
Social protocols can be modeled with:Context dependent event driven models Context dependent event driven models
Context dependent Context dependent EFSMsEFSMs (Extended Finite State Machines)(Extended Finite State Machines)
The context is signaled to the user by some side message Usually of visual nature, but not only
Participants must feelmust feel to be in the context
The interaction is driven by human generated events or actionsVoice messages, written messages, ..Visible actions, graphics, video, ..Technological interactions like mouse clicks, typed messages, ..Etc.
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Context issues and typesWhat is the mininum granularity level of
Context and interactionIs it the P-shift (participation shift) of interactionists?
Social protocols need a complex hierarchy or space of contexts
Cultural dimensionSynchronous or asynchronousSocial, group, interpersonal, ..Activity dimensionInteraction typeEtc.
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Interaction Actions
Many types of interactions actions existSpeech based interaction
Verbal messages of many kindsVisual interaction
Based on: sign language, gestures, images, viewgraphs, .. Written interaction
Based on: documents, editors, viewgraphs, ……….
Mapping of human interaction into tool state change is not easyCan include multimedia information and configurations
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Example: Question IM EFSM Model
SpeakerSpeakerAny.RequestTurnAny.RequestTurn ((SiteXSiteX) )
/ / SignalSignal ((YellowYellow, , SiteXSiteX))
Chair.GiveTurnChair.GiveTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / Show_VideoShow_Video (Position2, (Position2, SiteXSiteX))
Chair.GiveTurnChair.GiveTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / Show_VideoShow_Video (Position2, (Position2, SiteXSiteX))
Chair.ResetTurnChair.ResetTurn/ / Hide_VideoHide_Video (Position2)(Position2)
Any.RequestTurnAny.RequestTurn ((SiteXSiteX) ) / / SignalSignal ((YellowYellow, , SiteXSiteX))
EFSM language explanation:
Any.RequestTurn (SiteX) / Signal (Yellow, SiteX)
Means: Any site can request turn. Ifsite X requests it, his name will be marked yellow in requests panel. Chair.GiveTurn (SiteX) . / Show_Video (Position2, SiteX)Means: Only site with Chair role can select video of requesting site. If selected 2nd video will be shown.
SpeakerSpeaker&&
QuestionQuestion
1) 3 actions mapped as panel clicks: Any.RequestTurn, Chair.GiveTurn & Chair.ResetTurn2) Additional actions occur as audio visual msg exchange: dialogue among speaker and person asking question, but have not been made explicit transitions, for simplicity.
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Asynchronous Interaction
Asynchronous interaction uses frequentlyThe conversational protocol
Spoken conversations Writing lettersSending emails Blog posting
The basic interaction pattern of the conversational protocol is:Send message to person or group
Then wait for answers or new messages
It seems that the protocol is reused over new technologiesWritten language, clay, papyrus, paper or even spoken language
Were also new technologies at some point of time
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Folder based project repositoriesBased on rational order (not on a social protocol)
We interact with the filing system not with persons
Conversational protocol based project repositoriesParticipants just post contributions to the repository
As if they where posting to a blogParticipants engage in conversations with other persons
Regarding to the posts made by other membersGroup activity is easier to follow
It is based on human interactionsFor example, a post by Barbara is answered by Andrew
Collaborative Web tool design
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Wikis are based also on social interactionBasic operation:
file change by member of groupIt is an explicit human action we perceive as such
It is not just a change of the file
Interaction occurs with members of the group
Wikis have also complex community managementWikipedia community management
Has very complex structure and interrelations behind
Wikis
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ConclusionsSocial protocolsSocial protocols explicit person to person interactionperson to person interaction
Which map into our mental models of group interactionIn order to design human interaction aware applicationshuman interaction aware applications
Goal:Goal: Make users feel that there is somebody at the other side
Social protocol based tool design methodologyUser perceived tool state changes should be associated only with
human interactionshuman interactionsTechnology is only a means to interact with others
Tool events must make persons behind explicitIdentifying clearly the author(s) and relevant attributes
Context changes must be made explicit with a side messageAlways use human oriented presentation formats
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Further workTaxonomy of main collaborative social protocols
For technology mediated interactionsFor example
How many conversational protocols exist?Are similar protocols behind spoken conversations, letter writing, email, ..?
What are the various types of turn management protocols?Is workflow automation based on social protocols?
Is it a rationale procedure which needs a social reformulation?
Formal models of social protocols should be developedWith the same role as computer protocol models
They helped in understanding them and developing implementations
Thanks
Questions?