human immunity non-specific immunity. non-specific immunity non-specific = doesnt distinguish...
DESCRIPTION
1 st line – Skin and Mucous Membranes Physical barrier Low H2O content Secretions Sebum, sweat Stomach acid Bile, duodenal enzymes Lysozyme Normal microbiota (microbiome)microbiomeTRANSCRIPT
Hum
an Im
mun
ityNon-specific
Imm
unity
Non-Specific Immunity Non-specific = doesn’t distinguish between types of infectious
agents Innate
1st line of defense = skin and mucous membranes
2nd line of defense Phagocytic cells Inflammation (Sign that 2nd line is working) Complement system
1st line – Skin and Mucous Membranes Physical barrier Low H2O content
Secretions Sebum, sweat Stomach acid Bile, duodenal enzymes Lysozyme
Normal microbiota (microbiome)
2nd line – Phagocytosis*Limits spread of microbes in advance of specific response Leukocytes = white blood cells
Neutrophils makes up 60-70% of leukocytes (chemotaxis) Monocytes make up 5% of leukocytes.
Circulate in blood and then become macrophages in tissues. Macrophages engulf and digest with lysozyme in lysosomes.
Process of phagocytosis Chemokines
Phagocytosis
2nd line -- Inflammation Inflammatory response is an increased blood flow to the inured
area resulting in leaking of fluid from capillaries into area causing swelling. Rubor, calor, tumor, dolor
Triggered by chemical signals from invader or host cells.
Basophils and mast cells release histamines.
Pus
2nd line -- Fever
Can provide non-specific defense against disease
Pyrogens Produced by macrophages Affect hypothalamus
2nd line – Natural Killer Cells In blood and lymph Use receptors to tell healthy cells versus cells with cancer or
virus Match with Class I MHC proteins (MHC = Major
Histocompatibility Complex) If not match, damage membrane and induce cell lysis
2nd line – Complement System
2nd line – Complement System ~30 proteins circulate in the blood and can be activated
Cascade of signals and proteins binding and hydrolyzing…
Classical Pathway - activated by the specific immune defense Alternative Pathway – C3 protein binding directly to pathogen
Effects: Activates inflammatory response Acts as opsonin to increase phagocytosis (Opsonization) Activates cascade to trigger MACs (Membrane Attack
Complexes) Large holes in membranes of gram – bacteria and
enveloped viruses