human exploration of mars design reference architecture 5.0 july 29, 2009
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Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 July 29, 2009. Mars Design Reference Mission Evolution and Purpose. JSC-63725. NASA’s Decadal Planning Team Mars Mission Analysis Summary Bret G. Drake Editor. JSC-63724. National Aeronautics and Space Administration - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Na tiona l Ae ronautic s a nd
Spa c e Adm inis tra tion
Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars
November 1989
Mars Design Reference Mission Evolution and Purpose
Exploration mission planners maintain “Reference Mission” or “Reference Architecture”
Represents current “best” strategy for human missions
1988-89: NASA “Case Studies”
1990: “90-Day” Study
1991: “Synthesis Group”
1992-93: NASA Mars DRM v1.0
1998: NASA Mars DRM v3.0
1998-2001: Associated v3.0 Analyses
2007 Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0
2002-2004: DPT/NExT
JSC-63724
Exploration BlueprintData Book
Bret G. DrakeEditor
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration
Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterHouston, Texas 77058
Released February 2007
JSC-63725
NASA’s Decadal Planning TeamMars Mission Analysis Summary
Bret G. DrakeEditor
National Aeronautics andSpace Administration
Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterHouston, Texas 77058
Released February 2007
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Mars DRA is not a formal plan, but provides a vision and context to tie current systems and technology developments to potential future missions
Also serves as benchmark against which alternative architectures can be measured
Constantly updated as we learn
Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0Forward Deployment Strategy
Twenty-six months prior to crew departure from Earth, pre-deploy:• Mars surface habitat lander to Mars orbit• Mars ascent vehicle and exploration gear to
Martian surface• Deployment of initial surface exploration
assets• Production of ascent propellant (oxygen) prior
to crew departure from Earth
Crew travel to Mars on “fast” (six month) trajectory• Reduces risks associated with zero-g,
radiation• Rendezvous with surface habitat lander in
Mars orbit• Crew lands in surface habitat which becomes
part of Mars infrastructure• Sufficient habitation and exploration resources
for 18 month stay
33National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
Chemical / Aerocapture Cargo Vehicle Configuration
Common TMI Module (3)
MOI/TEI Module for TEI (1)
Chemical Crew Vehicle Elements
DRA 5.0 Transportation OptionsNTR & Chemical/Aerocapture
TransHab Module, Orion CEV/SM
PayloadMOI/TEI Module for MOI (1)
Common TMI Module (2)
MOI/TEI Module for TEI (1)
Common “Core”Propulsion Stage
AC / EDL Aeroshell(10 m D x 30 m L)
with Interior Payload
NTR Cargo Vehicle Elements
NTR Crew Vehicle Elements
PVAs
Saddle Truss & LH2 Drop Tank
Common “Core”Propulsion Stage
Short Saddle Truss, 2nd Docking Port, and
Jettisonable Food Container
44National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
Crew and Cargo Transportation to LEO
Crew Delivery to LEO• Provide safe delivery of crew to
Earth orbit for rendezvous with the Mars Transfer Vehicle
End of Mission Crew Return • Provide safe return of crew from
the Mars-Earth transfer trajectory to Earth at the end of the mission
55National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
Heavy-lift Cargo to Low-Earth Orbit
• 130+ t per launch• Large volume• 30 day launch centers
Total Mass in Low-Earth Orbit• ~ 800 t for NTR (7-9 launches)• ~1,200 t for Chemical (9-12 launches)
ARES I / ORION ARES V
Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0Surface Exploration and Discovery
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Long surface stays with visits to multiple sites provides scientific diversity thus maximizing science return
Mobility at great distances (100’s km) from the landing site enhances science return (diversity)
Subsurface access of 100’s m or more highly desired
Advanced laboratory and sample assessment capabilities necessary for high-grading samples for return
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Human Exploration of MarsKey Challenges
Landing large payloads on the surface of Mars
Launch of large mass, large volumes to Earth orbit
Support of humans in space for extended durations including radiation protection and low-g countermeasures
Lack of resupply and early-return aborts
Maintenance and storage of cryogenic fluids for long periods
Production of consumables at Mars (ISRU)
Extended mobility of 100’s km
System reliability, system reliability, system, reliability
Human Exploration of MarsEvolutionary Strategy
Earth/ISS Moon Mars via RoboticsKnowledge / Experience / Confidence
Zero-gravity countermeasures
Gravity sensitive physics
Long duration system performance
Simulation of operational and mission concepts
88National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
Demonstration and use of Mars prototype systems
Large-scale systems-of-systems validation
Surface exploration scenarios and techniques
Long-term exposure of systems to the deep-space environment including radiation and dust
Long-term “dry run” rehearsals
Gathering environmental data of Mars
Demonstration of large-scale EDL
Advanced technology demonstrations
Site certification