HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013

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INTRODUCTION

• Main highlights from 2013 Human Development Report

• Turkey in 2013 Human Development Report

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“Rise of South” transforming global power balance

• Developing nations driving economic growth• Lifting hundreds of millions of people from

poverty• Propelling billions more into a new global

middle class

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“The Industrial Revolution was a story of perhaps a hundred million people, but this is a story about billions of people”, Khalid Malik, 2013 Report’s lead author.

Some facts…• China and India doubled

per capita economic output in less than 20 years

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Some facts…

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Some facts…

• More interconnected South via Internet and Social Media

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Some facts…

• Migration between developing countries surpassed net migration from South to North

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Global Rebalancing

18201835

18501865

18801895

19101925

19401955

19701985

20002040

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Brazil, India, ChinaGermany, France, Italy, UK, US, Canada

% S

hare

of w

orld

out

put (

PPP)

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Realignment of World Trade

19801983

19861989

19921995

19982001

20042007

20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

South-SouthNorth-North

% s

hare

of w

orld

mer

chan

dise

trad

e

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Rapid Human Development Across the Globe

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Much Human Progress, Particularly Low HDI Countries

Very high HDI High HDI Medium HDI Low HDI0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

Average Annual Growth rate 2000-2012

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Massive Expansion of the Global Middle Class

1990 (1.8 billion)

Europe and North AmericaAsia-PacificCentral and South AmericaRest of the World

2020 (3.2 billion)

2030 (4.9 billion)

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Why have some countries done better than others?

1Commitment to

long-term human development 2 Actively promoting

job creation

3Enhancing public

investment in health and education 4 Nurturing industrial

capacities

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Social Policy Innovations

1 Expanding education access by equalizing funds across regions and municipalities

Poverty reduction through innovative cash transfer programmes

Health care for all and targeting the poor

2

3

BRAZIL TURKEY

MEXICO 4 Extending development benefits to the broader society key to accelerating progress

INDIA

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Facing Challenges, Sustaining Momentum

1 2

4

Participation and inclusion essential to stability and social cohesion

Aging population is increasing the burden on the productive workforce.3

Environmental

inaction may halt human development progress in the world

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Educated, interconnected youth demand greater

accountability

New Resources, New Opportunities, New Institutions

• The rise of the South is challenging existing global institutions to change.

• The South needs greater representation in global governance.

• A new South Commission

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TURKEY IN 2013 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT

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Rise of the South from Turkey

• Favorable economic conditions for industries with a high capacity to absorb labor

• Strengthening social assistance programmes in Turkey

• Rise in GDP ratio from 32% to 48%, between 1990 and 2010

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Turkey’s Human Development Index• Measured as 0.722 (High Human

Development category)– ranked as 90th out of 187

countries– between 1980 and 2012, 52%

increase in HDI value• Between 1980 and 2012, Turkey’s life

expectancy at birth increased by 17.7 years, mean years of schooling increased by 3.6 years

• Expected years of schooling increased by 5.5 years.

• Turkey’s GNI per capita increased by about 133 % between 1980 and 2012.

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Turkey compared to OECD and EU

Human Development Index Inequality Adjusted HDI Gender-Inequality Index0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

OECD AVERAGEEU AVERAGETURKEY

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Turkey compared to MIST and CIVETs

MIST AVERAGE CIVET AVERAGE Turkey0.63

0.64

0.65

0.66

0.67

0.68

0.69

0.7

0.71

0.72

0.73

HDI

HDI

MIST: Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, TurkeyCIVETS: Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa

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Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)• Takes into account

INEQUALITY in HDI• Turkey’s IHDI is

0.560 (a loss of 22.5% from HDI due to inequality)

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Gender Inequality Index (GII)

• Reflects gender-based inequalities in 3 dimensions:– Reproductive health (maternal mortality,

adolescent fertility rates)– Empowerment (share of parliamentary seats,

attainment at secondary and higher education)– Economic Activity (labor market participation rate

for each gender)

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Gender Inequality Index (GII)• Turkey’s GII value: 0.366

– Ranked as 68th out of 148 countries.

– 14.2% parliamentary seats are held by women

– 26.7% of adult women have reached a secondary or a higher education

– For every 100,000 live births, 20 women die from pregnancy related causes.

– Adolescent fertility rate is 30.5 births per 1000 live births.

– Female participation in the labor market is 28.1% compared to 71.4% for men. /undpturkiye

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

• Identifies multiple deprivations in the same households in education, health and standard of living.

• A cut-off of 33.3% is used to distinguish between poor and non-poor. – -33.3% means poor– +33.3% means non-poor

• Last data is collected in Turkey was in 2003– 6.6% of the population lived in multi-dimensional poverty– 7.3% were vulnerable to multiple deprivations– The intensity of deprivation was 42%– MPI value is 0.028

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Conclusion• Human development is not a zero-sum game• New opportunities & New challenges both for

the South and the North.

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“The South needs the North, and increasingly the North needs the South. The world is getting more connected, not less”, 2013 HDR Report.

For more information: hdr.undp.org / www.undp.org.tr

yeniufuklar.info

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013

Ege University25 April 2013

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