Elgeel Elmuslim Primary Girls School

Human damage on monuments

There are a lot of factors that vitiate the monuments during their visit, including throws leftovers, write their names on the walls of museums and monuments.

So there is a law for the protection of monuments and exceed them in bad visit and damage , and more human damage factors in monuments:

Writing and drilling in the monuments

Distorted in Luxor Temple painting

Neglect and waste

-Crawl and agricultural expansion

Which leads to a rise in sea level rise or increase sub-sectors or decline as well as try the agricultural population get bricks for the buildings of the buildings resulting in distortion and loss impact features architectural elements.

-Population and housing impact crawl

Housing types spread spam and marginal in many areas of archaeological as well as spread on some strong aspects and human settlements, which are characterized by a high population density and the neglect and ignorance of the value of construction and the deterioration of the general cultural level makes people take the General archaeological ruins and its bizarre materials quarry take construction, they increase her damage and collapse the result:-

-Holistic and partial destruction of monuments and occasionally lost completely (air pollution-waste-increase groundwater)

-Distortion of the magnificence and greatness of the archaeological areas.-Promote ugliness architecture and Visual pollution.

-FireThe fire caused serious damage to the building materials of all kinds. The fire devour first gobble timber used in doors, Windows and ceilings, metal and chemical transformations occur in other building materials, whether of stone or brick, and in particular limestone which turns into high heat quicklime few quick turn and easily hardness drainage water and chemical and metallurgical conversions will lead to the loss of stones to solid surfaces as a result of the occurrence of cracks and exfoliations. Fire leads to cracked buildings and possibly to collapse entirely. I have gone over time to fire a lot of archaeological and historical buildings, perhaps the latest jewel in the Palace fortress.

-Wars

Wars greatest human impacts inflicted on ancient civilizations. And the threat of war as tools of war and weapons. The wars and invasions since the oldest times picks demolition and sabotage all facets, the enemy resorted to fire or sabotage it by means of the sabotage of catapults and cannons in modern times have become more severe weather of mass destruction weapons gravity as received from the bombs and incendiary rockets was sacked.

We destroyed during World War II thousands of historic buildings and went with her treasures and cultural assets is impossible.

-Demolition and sabotage

In many cases, individuals or authorities to demolish historical buildings or distort and change its parameters for reasons including: the desire to renovate the old building for modern architecture to be more useful, such as neglect or ignorance of the value of the building as a result of the deterioration of the cultural year.

In many other cases encourages poor oversight and lack of awareness among citizens to take abandoned historical buildings and archaeological ruins which takes individual brick neglected, materials of construction, increase damage and collapse. Thieves have resorted to sabotage of archaeological and historical buildings of decorative elements and the latest theft.

-Previous restorationsHazards to archaeological and historical buildings, and the dangers which restorers inexperienced when renovating these buildings. Repair operations have not studied enough study, either to obscure some of the landmarks building or change its elements. Either remove the existing elements and other elements – or distortion model and its distinguishing features.

Examples of dangers that accompany the faulty repairs include:

A. use of gypsum mortar in areas of high humidity.

And high humidity to melt part of gypsum (calcium sulfate), resolved to different parts of the building and serves when drying his solutions, which leads to a fragmentation of the surfaces and the loss of their inscriptions and writings, positional pressure that accompany crystalline growth.

B. the use of cement mortar

And the use of cement mortar on repair operations to leak its of salts to the surface of the walls and then developed in different places. And causes the crystallization of salts and the concomitant pressure localized to the erosion of the surfaces and the loss of their inscriptions and writings or cap badges and decorations.

-Rains and torrents

The hard fact that the archaeological and historical buildings in low-rainfall areas are the most memorable events and more stable and coherent than those in copious rain wetlands. Rain, heavy and continuous special cause for archaeological and historical buildings, both built in stone or brick building serious threats are often difficult to address. And rain and flood risk disintegration of mortar construction, slurry walls and lossless loss patterns, colors and movement of the foundations and drainage of melt and bonding materials of stone blocks and granules dissolve salts and carry them to different parts of the walls and then define when drying her solutions leading to flake stone blocks and erosion surfaces and their inscriptions and writings and decorations and cap badges.

And powerful torrents washed away the Oklahoman has a few buildings and ruins of resistance and cause flood damage to older buildings if soaked for so long. Finally it may happen in some mountainous areas, particularly the childlike or sandy soil moved from drinking water, it is difficult to stop it sliding buildings and buildings is skid due to soil or drainage are’nt some water.

-Earthquakes and lightningEarthquakes are among the most serious factors of mechanical damage, which affects buildings were severely damaged, as do many cities and buildings to ruins and ruins, earthquakes may be so severe that lead to the demolition of the building entirely, although sometimes only the upper parts of the loss as the domes and minarets and balconies. It is noted that the impact of earthquakes on stone buildings than their impact on milk or other buildings with many stages.

Either lightning caused the infected side of pictorial mass injury, and fire occurs in flammable parts. The buildings on the high mountains and Highlands most affected by lightning and Krak des chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din, where lightning risk many times

Thank you