hughes forest city infill capstone

forest city INFILLthe story of a cleveland neighborhood and its conceptual path of renewal

kammeron hughesmla capstone 2013

forest city INFILL2 kammeron hughes

thank youFirst I must thank my classmates. These three years have been an absolute joy and I feel so lucky to have been a part of our class. Discovering my passion one piece of trace at a time with you all around me was truly one of the best experiences of my life thus far. I will miss you all (and the bone zone) with all my heart, and cannot wait to see each and everyone one of us achieve suc-cess.

To my capstone committee and stu-dio professors, Matthew Tucker, Vince deBritto, Jamuna Golden and Rebecca Krinke, who put up with my lack of updates and desire to work completely in my own head, I thank you. You each found a way to drive me and push me in a direction, to explore new parts of this complicated thing that is capstone, and without you I may not have gotten to a point I could call a project. Thank you.

To my parents, Paulette and Bill, thank you for all of your sup-port. Because of you I am un-afraid to follow my dreams and feel supported 100% of the time. You have encouraged me to go in

my own direction and have al-ways been there to help. Thank you especially for moving to Cleveland, as without that move, landscape architecture may nev-er have been on my life path. I love you.

To my brother Chris, of course your few suggestions were genius. Keep on lawyering. I love you.

To my friends, near and far, you keep me sane. I love you.

To Cleveland, thank you for being you.

forest city INFILLkammeron hughes 3

forest city INFILLthe story of a cleveland neighborhood and its conceptual path of renewal

kammeron hughes

2013 Master of Landscape Architecture Capstone

University of Minnesota

How can forest as infill create social, economic and environmental opportunities in a debilitated neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio?:


contents 1.

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BACKGROUND

CONCEPTUAL LANDUSE PLAN

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Forest As Infill

Definitions

Diagrams and Resources

Project Statement

Forest Infill Types

Reasoning

Conceptual Landuse Planning

Detail Designs

Neighborhood Selection

Kinsman

Assets

Research Questions

Process and Ideation

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p. 32

pp. 6 - 7

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pp. 8 - 9

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CHURCH YARD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

KINSMAN FIELD

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

NEXT STEPS

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Overview & site time line

2015-2035 harvests

Public space detail

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pp. 52 - 55

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contents

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2015-2035 harvests

Public space detail

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2015-2035 harvests

Public space detail

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A Overview & site time linepp. 100-103


definitions foreclosure - a bank or other secured creditor selling or repossessing a parcel of real property (immovable property) after the owner has failed to comply with an agreement between the lender and borrower called a “mortgage” or “deed of trust.”

abandonment – something abandoned by its owner with the intention of not retaking it

community - a social unit larger than a small village that shares common values

human interaction scale – the level of community at which people have day to day and human to human contact, interactions

landscape scale – the landscape that combines both the lands physical origins and the cultural overlay of human presence

economic scale – the level of community at which money is passed and humans make a livelihood

urban fringe - the transition zone where densely urban and suburban areas meet

excess open space – landscape parcels with no program and no necessary need at this moment in time in a certain neighborhood

strategic land amendment - assembled contiguous lots in order to make larger parcels of develop-able land or green space available

amenity - something that contributes to physical or material comfort, past those of basic necessities

need - something required to have a basic quality of life

edge - a dividing line or border, often uncomfortable with physical differences apparent

Important definitions that will inform the way language is used in design

BACKGROUND


implied edge - a dividing line or border not physically noticeable to the human eye

urban tissue - the built and natural environment that makes up a metropolitan area

unbounded city - a city without hard borders such as a river or lake. a city with the ability to grow in at least one direction without physical implications

shrinking city - a city that has lost or is losing large amounts of population and therefore is also suffering from a shrunken built environment - the circumstances or conditions that surround one

built environment - built structures that make up how a place looks and feels

natural environment - non built structures that make up the way a place looks and feels

nature - living things and the outdoors, separate of creations by man

sprawl - haphazard growth or extension outward by a population

infill - the introduction of new land uses

asset - anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce economic, environmental or social value

forest - an area with a high density of trees or other usable resources

resource - a source or supply from which benefit is produced

conceptual landuse - an abstract and new way of thinking about landuse

plan - how something is applied to the physical landscape

BACKGROUND


project summary Since the 1960’s declining populations have rattled communities across the rust-belt. Entire community structures are changed by the shrinking of populations and changing of economic climates. Within shrinking communities, homes, and in extreme cases, entire blocks, can become abandoned. Abandonment of homes leads to a multitude of problems; fewer “eyes on the street,” built structures falling apart, dangerous untamed natural areas, community disconnection, fewer tax payers to support public works, schools and other amenities, and expensive infrastructure traveling out to areas that are no longer in need. To limit the danger of decrepit buildings being left to rot, and possibly pose danger for people still residing in the neighborhoods affected, cities are spending billions of dollars to tear down foreclosed and abandoned homes. What is left are communities with an excess of open space and declining

opportunities for human interaction.

This excess of open space that is created is my capstone canvas. I am exploring how uniting the built and natural environments can improve the sense of community and reduce edge effects on the southeast side of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. This site has been dramatically cleared because of abandonment after shrinking populations and is in need of a renewed sense of place and a sense of community on multiple scales. The site will be reconnected through design to an intact community via human interaction scale, landscape scale, and economic scale.

Vacancies, abandonment, vandalism and a changing economic climate have created large areas of low grade urban tissue.

BACKGROUND


reasoning

Percentage population change, 2000-2010

Gain 20% or moreNo change to 9.9% gain

Gain 10%-19.9%Loss up to 9.9%

Ohio

Percentage population change, 2000-2010

Cuyahoga County

Population change and ranking among the na-tions largest cities

Cleveland

Gain 20% or more

Loss up to 9.9%

Gain 10%-19.9%

No change to 9.9% gain

Loss 10% or more

BACKGROUND


reasoning The catastrophic changes that affected many cities across the US in the 1950’s created a rust-belt consisting of areas appearing war-torn and forgotten. First they were cleared of people by highways and suburban sprawl, then by the disappearance of the built environment and the disintegration of community structure.

As these areas lost population, the neighborhoods became abandoned. Over time, vacant buildings were seized by the city, heavily dilapidated structures were demolished and clearance by way of vandalism created a landscape fragmented by a network of open spaces and few single family homes per block.

In cities like Cleveland, entire neighborhoods were isolated, seeming worlds away from any economic activity. The unboundedness of Northeast Ohio allowed for an

erasure of any context needed to create a sense of place.

This change in the late 20th century was followed by the foreclosure crisis starting in 2006. This created another wave of population and housing stock loss on top of already struggling communities. Neighborhoods that had been struggling for years were piled on with new disaster.

Low density standalone housing that has made up the built environment of these areas for decades is the most vulnerable to weathering and vandalism.

With multitudes of vacant properties on the cities hands, Cleveland and Cuyahoga County created an aggressive demolition policy in hopes of re imagining said communities. This removal of nuisance properties through demolition was done in hopes of

reasoning

BACKGROUND


reasoning cont.

the neighborhoods that could be feeding right into the system. Census tract boundaries disappear as dozens of square miles of residential and industrial space waste away into the landscape.

Cuyahoga County Land Bank policies

have begun to support positive change as they lay a groundwork where it is possible to make changes at a community level through vacant lot reuse, merging parcels, and supporting urban gardening and small scale agriculture. This policy support is just the very beginning of what needs to happen in these areas for real change and improvement to occur.

The reasons that these areas became developed in the first place are still the reasons they deserve a second chance at success now. Proximity to the downtown core, multiple opportunities for public transit and proximity to businesses of high economic and cultural importance exist now. The problems lie in the connections between these things and the neighborhoods themselves. Physical, social, psychological and economic connections are nonexistent.

reasoning

BACKGROUND

increasing public safety, appearance and property values in neighborhoods and clearing the path for new development.

While studying these cleared areas from aerial view, it appears an idealized “American Dream” of the pastoral landscape could begin to exist four miles away from a bustling city center, and less than a mile away from important cultural and health institutions.

Instead, what exists, are dangerous bare neighborhoods with edge conditions built up by some of the highest economic impactors in Ohio. Very little social and fiscal support is passed over or through these edges into


cleveland foreclosures

E 75th to E 79th between the red and blue RTA lines1953

E 75th to E 79th between the red and blue RTA lines2012

The city of Cleveland has seen a changing urban fabric over the years and exists now in a piecemeal fashion with over 20,000 vacant parcels poking holes in a once connected and vibrant landscape.

foreclosures removed from landscape

foreclosures in 2011

reasoning

BACKGROUND

Valuable open space and a kind of blank canvas characterize the physical environment. Crime, poverty, and a lack of support characterize the social environment.

Altering the urban fabric is often quite difficult as many public and private hands are in the mix of policy and ownership.

As cities like Cleveland go through this decline, however, the urban spaces become more and more flexible. This new found flexibility and the remaining positive possibilities are what create the opportunity for landscape architecture intervention.


BACKGROUND


neighborhood Cleveland, Ohio is a city made up of neighborhoods. Over time each neighborhood has garnered an identity of its own.

Fairfax and Kinsman are two neighborhoods on Cleveland’s east side that are ideally located between downtown, the Cuyahoga River, and the museum and university district called University Circle.

Euclid Avenue, near the neighborhood’s northern border, became the site of many of Cleveland’s largest and most architecturally distinguished churches as well as the county’s largest employer, the Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic marks the northern edge of the neighborhood and creates an edge in the middle of the census bounded area.

The predominantly poverty stricken

neighborhood being overlapped by the city’s cultural and medical centers creates multiple dangerous edge conditions.

After its annexation to Cleveland in 1872, the neighborhoods now known as Fairfax and Kinsman underwent a period of rapid residential development which continued until 1920, when the area’s population reached 60,000. As the city of Cleveland was reaching its highest population in 1950 of over 900,000 people, these neighborhoods acted as the core of the cities industry, and it’s industrial workers. As the industrial needs of the region shrank and families followed the quality highway system outside the city limits, the neighborhood population shrank dramatically. Together today Kinsman and Fairfax have less than 1/5th their pre World War II populations.

Fairfax and Kinsman are two neighborhoods on Cleveland’s near southeast side.

neighborhood

BACKGROUND


neighborhood

edge conditions

The edge conditions on the site create boundaries that block all forms of movement and communication.

BACKGROUND

forest city INFILLkammeron hughes 17neighborhood

Industrial (working and abandoned)

Railways

30 milesin Kinsman and Fairfax

300 acresin Kinsman and Fairfax

Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals

$11 billion economic impact in Ohio

Vacant land

450 acresin Kinsman and Fairfax


As these two neighborhoods lost population, they became abandoned.

The identity that had been formed over the years is now unintelligible and in some places completely forgotten.

The fragmented network that now exists fails to support community, and instead supports further decline and high levels of crime. Street scape on areas that were once part of Cleveland’s most dense retail sector cease to exist as entire blocks consist of boarded up store fronts. The feeling of community appears extremely weak, if not completely lost.

The majority of the neighborhoods appear piecemeal at birds eye and street level because of vacant lots and unused infrastructure. As you move south through the neighborhood it becomes highly disconnected because of industrial plants (both in use and abandoned) and multiple rail lines (both freight and rapid

transit).

These rail lines pose many problems in the way of pedestrian and vehicle connection, while also creating pockets that are completely cleared of anything but urban shrub fill. They also create multiple opportunities in the Kinsman and Fairfax neighborhoods as in this area three rapid transit stops exist, on two separate lines. This gives the neighborhood an 11 minute train trip from most of its interior into the downtown core as well as out to sprawling suburbs. Pursuits at reuse of vacant sites have been attempted, as a few community garden plots exist in the area to support local residents, but no real job sector through urban agriculture has been created.

Vacancies and empty lots create an open network without much structure

neighborhood cont.

neighborhood

BACKGROUND


Looking at Kinsman as a single entity rather than in the group of foreclosure affected east side neighborhoods tells a more dramatic tale.

In the 1960’s the railroads that create boundaries throughout the site and had supported the entire industrial economy started losing work. The people living in Kinsman consisted of mainly blue collar workers, so when the railroads left, and the jobs left, they left as well. While the east side Cleveland neighborhoods are all suffering from vacancy, Kinsman has suffered the most. Entire blocks of homes have been removed at more than one location and the population and housing stock are still declining. The Cuyahoga Land Bank estimates that they will gain another 50 and possibly knock down another 20 vacant buildings in 2013.

Kinsman then, is a community

disconnected from the formal economy, social network and a city structure that allows a place to thrive.

The infrastructure of the city is aging and wearing, and this is evident throughout the neighborhood. The streets haven’t been repaved in years, the sidewalks are non-existent, and the storm-water infrastructure is unnecessarily collecting runoff from a decidedly non-urban area.

The majority of the landscape is made up of broken concrete and turf grass. The turf grass on some parcels is consistently mowed in the growing season, but other than that there is no preparedness for people to return.

That turf grass that is mowed suggests other issues in Kinsman. One, that takes money and effort by the city. Two, while it may look

Kinsman itself is characterized by wide open spaces and an editable structure.

kinsman

kinsman

BACKGROUND


1951 22,109population

5,010population

2012

kinsman pastoral during some seasons, it adds little environmental support and almost no biodiversity. Three, packed urban fill and turf grass offer very little water permeation, further debilitating the city of Cleveland’s already struggling storm-water and sewer system. The systems are combined throughout the city, and have been mandated by the EPA to reduce their runoff into lake Erie by 4.6 billion gallons by 2035.

All of these aspects have led to very little in community support and a non-existent quality of life in Kinsman. While the population has shrunk dramatically, 5,000 people do still call Kinsman home.

The majority of the adult residents are women, at 65% of the population. The median age of all residents is 26 years old, with the median age of the male population being 21. 65% of the population has a less than high school level education.

kinsman

BACKGROUND


28.5% of households are currently vacant

$37,400 median house value

1,700housing units lost since 1980

6.25acres per person

1,156housing units built before 1939

$12,517 median household income

kinsman

BACKGROUND


assets

There are unique neighborhood amenities that have persisted and support glimpses of care and ownership throughout the neighborhood. I call these assets.

Faith based organizations within the neighborhood bounds of Kinsman have endured, with multiple churches housed in their original buildings and in abandoned homes still drawing parishioners.

Other vacant buildings are left standing and in high enough quality that they could be reused in the near future. Others could easily be removed.

High quality trees that have been growing since before the days of the high population numbers still live in a few spots throughout the neighborhood. Urban brush and young weed trees are extensive throughout the neighborhood, but only a few native “heritage trees” still

thrive.

The historic population of Kinsman worked at the multiple ironwork factories and foundries that thrived through the proximity of the extensive rail infrastructure throughout the metro area. That rail proximity still exists, but rather than a high population of people, Kinsman benefits from a high percentage of open space. While the rail system used to move metalworks and people, it can now work to re-generate the forest city, with Kinsman acting as the growing heart.

All of these characteristics paint a picture of extreme opportunity.

assets

BACKGROUND


kinsman assets

heritage trees

churches

vacant buildings

rapid transit stops

vacant parcels

built structure

parcel map

miles

feet

kilometers

assets

BACKGROUND

11

1 2 3

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

3/4 1/2 1/4 0

0

.5

.5


How can you use community assets to create opportunities for social engagement, economic gain and environmental benefits?

BACKGROUND


additional research questions

How can landscape architecture work to renew a sense of community in a place that has been lost? How is that sense of community created? This question is one that has been a motivator for landscape architects for generations. Since the beginning of the profession a main goal has been using the landscape to create spaces people want to inhabit or inhabit in specific ways. Looking at this question from a modern point of view after researching historic planning ideals leads to modern and “new” modes of designing for community development.

How can open space in debilitated communities be used to successfully create informal economies and a better quality of life for a neighborhoods inhabitants while also reconnecting said community to an existing formal economy and developed area?

As best laid plans from the past go to waste what kind of solutions can be made that will allow communities

to flexibly grow as economic impactors and personal motivators change over time? Solutions on how to strengthen communities and creative ways to reconnect lost places into the common society grid will be necessary until all development is deemed “resilient.”

Should implied edges created as political boundaries or census tracts be used at the physical human level?

How can edges be broken when the functions on each side exist completely separate of each other?

What do communities need?

What amenities strengthen a community?

If faith based organizations pull people to Kinsman on Sundays, how can they pull people in more often or permanently?

BACKGROUND


process & ideation Answering the research questions begins to tell the story of forest infill as a solution to vacancy in the shrinking city.

Exploring historic planning of cities, informal economies, foreclosure and city renovation, and the idea of design after loss of density started to unlock possible conceptual solutions.

Historical garden city planning took people out of dense, dirty cities and gave them access to a countryside ideal. When Kinsman was at its most dense some of the negative city aspects of life such as smog, closing out of nature and foul air existed. As people left for greener pastures though the opposite aspects of clean air, land lying idle and a lack of society have overcome.

The pastoral openness and newly

the story of forest infill as a solution to vacancy in the shrinking city

flexible zoning/parcelization process in Cleveland suggested doing both small scale interventions and large moves across the neighborhood to amplify the assets and begin to solve the problems. In the first iteration of ideation phase two design ideas emerged. One looked outside the site to bring in resources and connect to the external formal economy. The other worked from the core of vacant land and edited from within keeping resources in the neighborhood.

BACKGROUND


garden city planning diagram

BACKGROUND

Howard, Ebenezer, and Frederic J. Osborn. Garden Cities of To-morrow. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T., 1965. Print.


design scenario 1

BACKGROUND


process & ideation Scenario 1:

-Cleveland Institute of Art & Cleveland School of the Arts use existing warehouse buildings for large scale piece manufacturing

-Scrap yards surrounding site support material needs of classes

-Recycling yard is added to the site to “organize” materials as well as create jobs for the com-munity

-Said recycling yard should cre-ate power in some way

-”Park” area next to site becomes display space for sculpture and improved public green

-Bridges into site become neigh-borhood signifiers by being amended with scrap metal and ar-tistic talent of students working in the area

-Storage and collection of scrap metal creates space in interest-ing ways

Both the pedestrian and train traffic experience improved by

sculpture or metal goods

Scrap metal and an industrial heritage create new oppor-tunities and an identity for the Kinsman neighborhood and its residents.

BACKGROUND


design scenario 2

BACKGROUND


process & ideation Scenario 2:

-An urban forest of high quality native plant species is created in the void left from population loss. -This will suggest to the city, and surrounding areas, plants that can be used and left basi-cally untouched, that will resist looking like the scrub plants left in the current landscape.

-Create a native seed bank and street tree “grove” for the coun-ty.

-Infrastructure is consolidated and residential units (11) from the interior are removed, while the adjacent residential area is improved.

-Rapid Transit stops become “for-est” stops with land bridge atmo-sphere attributed, to remove the “dark corner” feeling created by entering the site under crumbling bridge structures

-Storm-water pipes under site can be day lit in forested areas and improved to be areas of retention and treatment (some of Cleve-

land’s largest and oldest sewer pipes lay under this site)

-Existing buildings (only 4 warehouses) become urban nature education centers and/or a magnet school based around agriculture

An urban forest of high quality native species takes over the void left after population loss while creating regional ecosystem benefits.

BACKGROUND


How can you use community assets to create opportunities for social engagement, economic gain and environmental benefits?


forest as infill


forest infill solutions Kinsman will be an experiment in solutions to increase quality of place in shrinking cities across the globe. Forest is used as in-fill and in turn generates eco-nomic, environmental and social opportunities.

As the residents of Kinsman begin to feel a community connection through the physical growth of high quality forest on their va-cant parcels, economic and social activity will increase. Owner-ship of the land and a unique physical appearance will create community strength literally from the ground up. As Kinsman grows a forest inside its boundaries, it will begin to benefit the greater metro area. Kinsman will be the life generator for the forest city.

The edges created by the rails themselves that act as discon-necters become beneficial with the growth of a working forest. They provide large scale movement opportunities while also suggest-ing a “walled city” affect for the most heavily forested portion of Kinsman. Entrance experienc-es are heightened by the elevat-

ed rail lines and the landscape change from built up streetscapes to working orchard, nursery and forest space.

The neighborhood of Kinsman will supply innovation to the region and remove a huge portion of runoff from entering the over-run sewer system in the area. By 2040 over 44,000 trees located in both working and natural plant-ings will collect over 33 million gallons of storm-water a year, and that doesn’t include all the regional benefits of street trees and native plantings added to ur-ban vacant lots.

The forest system has multiple benefits aside from beautifying Cleveland’s streets and generat-ing a more resilient landscape across the region. Education opportunities abound in a working forest. A magnet school based first on the forest maintenance and growth then expanding to in-clude technology and craft ven-tures will anchor the neighbor-hood of Kinsman as a highlight of the Cleveland Metropolitan School System.

Forest as infill is a conceptual solution to vacancy in the shrinking city



The systems put into place to create a beneficial landscape in Kinsman range from larger scale stabilization processes to small parcel scale storm-water collec-tion and reuse.

Each parcel has a unique set of characteristics and therefore will be edited, accentuated and managed in a unique way.

Twenty seven percent of the parcels in Kinsman are current-ly vacant. Ten percent of those vacant properties have a vacant building in the boundaries. Most of the vacant parcels are owned by the city of Cleveland through foreclosure and bank purchase or tax delinquency. This creates opportunity for larger scale site editing and greater opportunity for landuse or zoning changes.

The design implementation in Kinsman happens on multiple scales. To begin, tradition-al zoning is conceptualized and changed to include more detailed information about what kinds of zones can become working forest for economic benefit.

Once the necessary areas are zoned and given the policy base needed to implement important landscape changes, the landuse plans can be put into place.

Three new categories of landuse are born in Kinsman. Source, flex and firm. These three landuse categories apply to the working forest specifically but can be edited and molded to fit any eco-nomic, social, or environmentally beneficial temporal parcel plan. The working forest infill applied through these three lenses cre-ates a strong scaffolding from which Kinsman can grow.

Design implementation begins in 2015. The critical paths through each design element begin with basic site preparedness steps. Each change, removal or addition to a parcel in Kinsman aims to bring economic, environmental or social benefit to current res-idents in the neighborhood and surrounding communities.

Every vacant parcel in 2015 is treated with similar scaffolding edits. Any non natural materi-als are collected and invento-ried. Lots with turf grass that use city of Cleveland resources by way of mowing, water, sewer or electricity resources will be removed from the cities list of responsibilities and be given to the Kinsman neighborhood.

These diagram represent the mine, harvest and removal of resources on each forest infill site

diagrams

Removal for sale of reusable, compost-able or sell-able

resources

Seeding

Ongoing system

Harvest of growing resources

Growth of resources

Removal and reuse of resources in site

Renovation and update of built environment

Removal of reusable, compost-able or sell-able resources



autu

mn winter

sum

mer spring

compostingturf grass

weedsleaf litterfruit waste

stormwater

transplants

cut flowers

seeds and cones

bark

nuts

limbs and boughs

biomass

carbon

built materialmetal

concretewood

asphalt

fruit

wood product

applecurrantblackberryblueberryraspberrygrapes

sycamoretulip treewalnutpecansassafras

walnutpecanohio buckeye

native treesnative forbsnative shrubsphytoremediation plantsbulbs

green ashamerican elmwillowbig toothed aspenwalnutsycamore

flowering dogwoodtulip treepeonyrosedaylilytuliphyacinth

pulplumber

aspenwillow

switchgrass

big toothed aspentulip treered maple

scarlet oaksassafras

appleflowering dogwood

serviceberryphytoremediation plants

heritage treesrain gardens

working fields


working fields



autu

mn winter

sum

mer spring

compostingturf grass

weedsleaf litterfruit waste

stormwater

transplants

cut flowers

seeds and cones

bark

nuts

limbs and boughs

biomass

carbon

built materialmetal

concretewood

asphalt

fruit

wood product

applecurrantblackberryblueberryraspberrygrapes

sycamoretulip treewalnutpecansassafras

walnutpecanohio buckeye

native treesnative forbsnative shrubsphytoremediation plantsbulbs

green ashamerican elmwillowbig toothed aspenwalnutsycamore

flowering dogwoodtulip treepeonyrosedaylilytuliphyacinth

pulplumber

aspenwillow

switchgrass

big toothed aspentulip treered maple

scarlet oaksassafras

appleflowering dogwood

serviceberryphytoremediation plants


working fields


working fields

resourcesThe resources harvested through-out Kinsman are its life breath in the new and improved commu-nity. Resources vary from the removal of exotic and non-native species and how those are then composted on adjacent sites, to the growing nursery forests that supply transplantable living things to vacant parcels through-out the metro area.

The harvest of resources can last throughout the year and changes over time as each parcel transi-tions from quick stabilization harvest techniques to high level economic gainers or private land ownership.

The diversity of harvested re-sources not only benefits com-munity members economically, it also begins to create social opportunity spaces and guaran-tees a high level of biodiversity throughout the Kinsman neighbor-hood.



Nursery stock and consistently harvested materials source forest

Harvested and working environment with selective pieces and parts curated for future site use

flex forestforest infill types

Once was a working landscape but has since been deemed pri-vate or zoned for non-harvest related activities

firm forest



Nursery stock and consistently harvested materials

Harvested and working environment with selective pieces and parts curated for future site use

Once was a working landscape but has since been deemed pri-vate or zoned for non-harvest related activities

harvest-able resources & common removals

cut flowerswood productslimbs and boughsbarkbiomassnutsseeds and conesfruit

cut flowerswood productslimbs and boughsbarkbiomassnutsseeds and conesfruit

nutsseeds and conesfruit

compostingbuilt material

compostingbuilt material

composting

storm-water carbon credit



transplants

transplants



assets and forest infill axon

2 mile long detail slice

vacant lots turn to forest infill

Kinsman assets


feet

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


conceptual landuse planThe major design moves are implemented on a slice of the Kinsman neighborhood with-in which to apply the forest infill strategies at a more detailed scale.

The Kinsman slice acts as a way for the neighborhood to change, as well as an experimental sec-tion from which other vacancies can be edited and renewed. The slice covers multiple kinds of vacancies and therefore mul-tiple kinds of solutions, and their subsequent phasing.

The detail design slice is made up of unique neighborhood assets, the highest percentage of va-cancy in Cleveland and three major public trans-portation options


feet


2015

27 % source


The Cuyahoga County Land Bank and the city of Cleveland are the current owners of all the gray parcels in the ownership map to

the right. Those parcels are the first chosen to receive forest

infill.

Through this plan the land bank properties are transitioned to a new neighborhood/city development corporation who manages the be-

ginnings of forest infill parcels and takes ownership of street side plantings as well as the original

sale of the vacant lots.

The churches on the northern edge of the site take ownership of the parcels surrounding their sites to manage as they and the neighbor-

hood see fit.

Kinsman residents have the oppor-tunity to rent or work with any of the source forest infill parcels.

ownership and partnership

church

cmsd

1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

3/4 1/2 1/4 0


2020

40 % source


More faith based institutions have taken ownership of vacant

parcels on the northern part of the site, while the working

industrial companies at the southern tip have worked with

the land bank to take over control of the forest infill

sites in their vicinity.

The industrial companies are working with residents in the neighborhood to plant, study and harvest phytoremediation resources on their parcels.

The Cleveland Municipal School District (CMSD) is partnered with the land bank to con-

trol and study large swaths of source forest in the slice.

source forest

public space

flex forest

firm forest

vacant buildingforestry building

planted


church

cmsd

industrial

miles

feet1

4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

0 .5


28 % source12 % flex

40 % forest


2025The Cleveland Municipal school district has taken ownership of additional parcels in 2025 to begin working on an agri-cultural innovation magnet

school on the northern edge of Kinsman.

The school district has also partnered with the industrial

parcels to increase the re-search and study of phytoreme-

diation plant resources .


church

cmsd

industrial

1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

3/4 1/2 1/4 0



40 % forest

27% source12% flex1 % firm

40 % forest


2030In 2030 the forest as infill

landuse plan has been im-plemented to a point where

private landowners who reside in Kinsman are looking to buy working parcels and use them

as a personal asset.

source forest

public space

flex forest

firm forest


planted


church

botanical garden

cmsd

industrial

miles

feet1

4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

0 .5


27 % source9 % flex4 % firm

40 % forest


2035The Cleveland Botanical Garden and Cleveland Museum of Nat-ural History have started a partnership with the Kinsman

land development bank in 2035. These two institutions are

interested in research and the greater benefit the Kinsman forest can have on the metro

region.

The botanical gardens urban agriculture program takes

over a large greenhouse and multiple parcels to open up a market and working station

for their forest resources and begins to act as a large bene-factor for the Kinsman forest.


church

botanical garden

cmsd

industrial

1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

3/4 1/2 1/4 0


2040


40 % forest


41 % forest


A few of the areas managed by the Cleveland Municipal School

District have been transi-tioned to firm forest, and

public space, by 2040. These continue to be looked after by

the magnet school students, but no longer act as large

economic and research assets.

By 2040, the Kinsman forest has spread to an area larg-

er than the slice itself, and multiple other partnerships

have been forged.

The neighborhood is now a destination for both visitors to the forested park areas and the market and esplanade, as well as a place the residents

of Kinsman can be proud to call home.

source forest

public space

flex forest

firm forest


planted


church

botanical garden

cmsd

industrial

miles

feet1

4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

0 .5


27 % source

40 % source


40 % forest

27% source12% flex1 % firm

40 % forest


40 % forest


41 % forest

source forest

public space

flex forest

firm forest

vacant building

forestry building

planted

detail sites 201520202025203020352040

pg. 84 pg. 68 pg. 52 pg. 100

To understand what Kinsman with forest infill feels like to a hu-man, and also to see what exact-ly is harvested, what resources are mined from the landscape, we now jump down in scale again to four specific sites that deserve greater exploration.



detail sites

201520202025203020352040

To understand what Kinsman with forest infill feels like to a hu-man, and also to see what exact-ly is harvested, what resources are mined from the landscape, we now jump down in scale again to four specific sites that deserve greater exploration.


CHURCH YARD

KINSMAN FIELD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

ORCHARD ESPLANADE



church yard2855 E 79th Street

6 minute walk

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



CHURCH YARD

KINSMAN FIELD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

feet

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


church yard The spot that begins the entire transformation of the neighborhood is not a vacant lot, but using the community cornerstone, The New Community Apostolic Church, begins to support any economic benefit possibilities happening on the surrounding vacant lots after quick stabilization of the neighborhood.

The church is surrounded by vacant land including an unused parking lot. Said parking lot marks the very first move of forest infill. Sycamore trees are brought in as broken concrete is removed to create a welcoming and usable space for church gathering events and a neighborhood market. The church yard is adjacent to one of the transit stops in Kinsman, and exists right along a major bus route. The church yard is weighted more heavily in the social and economic benefit categories than environmental affects, but the sycamore trees that will carry through the sites

history collect thousands of gallons of storm-water each year and support biodiversity of the neighborhood. As the neighborhood esplanade develops, the church yard itself will transition to a more private space, and the market and community activities it hosts will move to larger open spaces that have been improved over the years through selective harvest.

The sycamores planted in 2015 become a ritual and community identifier for people growing up in and visiting the neighborhood. As the surrounding parcels are constantly at change acting as economic, environmental and social benefactors, this lot is the starting anchor that holds a constant.

2855 E 79th Street

CHURCH YARD


2015

now

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

public space

public space

public space

public space

public space

public space


flex forest

In 2015 the church yard has had quick stabiliza-tion harvesting of concrete and the beginnings of turf grass and exotic removal and composting. Sycamores are planted in formal rows, and will grow to create a formal anchor space for the neigh-borhood. A local market begins here to host the lo-cal farmers and neighborhood residents selling resources they have mined from their parcels or created with their hands.

2015

removal and compost of turf grass

seeding of native meadow groundcover after turf is removed

growth of tree line and harvest of limbs and boughs, bark, seeds and cones

CHURCH YARD


2855 E 79th Street


addition of market stalls and renovation of church building

removal and reuse of built materials

sale of transplants from other parcels

seeding and care of grape vines on chain link fence

CHURCH YARD


flex forest

In 2020 the church has taken ownership of more surround-ing parcels and has started a cut flower and bulb har-vesting field to support its events as well as sell at its weekly market.

2020

removal and compost of turf grass

seeding and subsequent harvest of cut flowers and bulbs


CHURCH YARD


2855 E 79th Street


improvement of market stalls and additional renovation of church building

removal and reuse of built materials


harvest of bark from sycamore trees

seeding and care of grape vines on chain link fence

CHURCH YARD


flex forest

The cut flower and bulb fields are thriving as the church prepares additional parcels for resource manage-ment,

The market is thriving and is still a major support for the entire Kinsman neighbor-hood as it is known through-out the city and attracts both Kinsman residents and outsiders to support the local economy.

2025

removal and compost of exotic species and urban fill



CHURCH YARD


2855 E 79th Street


improvement of market stalls and additional renovation of church building

harvest of bark and seeds from sycamore trees


harvest of grape vines on chain link fence

CHURCH YARD


flex forest

The formal sycamore plant-ings are getting large enough in 2030 to create a more private experience in the church yard, with possi-bilities to be blocked from the street. As the market is now well known, a major street presence every day is unnecessary to keep it busy, but the plantings do not completely block traffic, therefore inviting guests in to the yard, to experience the site that was first ed-ited in the Kinsman forest.

2030

edit of fencing to ac-commodate future grape vines


seeding of grape vines


CHURCH YARD


2855 E 79th Street


sale of goods from market stalls and church events




CHURCH YARD


flex forest

The church is now produc-ing their own grapes along with cut flowers and bulbs. The fall and spring har-vests bring many people and the market still acts as an anchor at the southern edge of the Kinsman market esplanade.

2035

harvest of grapes seeding and subsequent harvest of cut flowers and bulbs


CHURCH YARD


2855 E 79th Street


sale of goods from market stalls and church events



CHURCH YARD


church yard The church yard market is the anchor of Kinsman from the beginning. Acting as the economic heart the market supports the harvest of resources throughout Kinsman and brings people in from other neighborhoods to purchase goods.

Church yard market as anchor

CHURCH YARD


2855 East 79th Street

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

economic impact

environmental benefitssocial opportunity

sycamore grove

sculpted wall

grape vines and orchard

cut flower fields

church built structure



Kinsman Field

7701 Kinsman Avenue6 minute walk

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



CHURCH YARD

KINSMAN FIELD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

feet

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


Kinsman Field Public space and energy production are the focus at Kinsman Field. Selective harvest and controlled site succession create a working landscape that has a high production and export value and then transitions into high quality open space to support the increased population and activity in Kinsman.

The exports from sites such as this travel various distances. At the beginnings of the infill forest majority of exports leave their specific parcel but move around in the Kinsman neighborhood to improve

the existing infrastructure through street trees, native plant seeding and improved materiality.

Once Kinsman has a renewed tree canopy the resources travel out to the greater metro area to improve Cleveland’s forest canopy and natural ecosystems overall.

7701 Kinsman Avenue

KINSMAN FIELD


2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

now

public space

public space

public space

public space

public space


source forest

Kinsman Field is a major re-source harvester in 2015.

The Cleveland Municipal School District has taken management responsibility for the site, after partner-ing with the Cuyahoga County Land Bank.

The major production on this site is biomass harvest, mainly of switchgrass.

20352015

built materials harvest-ed

seeding and growth of wal-nut trees

harvest of walnuts

KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue


harvest of walnuts

seeding and growth of biomass grasses

harvest of biomass grasses

heritage tree growth

carbon sequestrationstorm-water collection

planting of tulip trees

harvest of tulip transplants

KINSMAN FIELD


source forest

As biomass harvesting con-tinues, the school dis-trict takes advantage of the vacant buildings to the north of the site and take over those parcels as well. The buildings are renovat-ed to become greenhouses so more intensive year round research can take place on site.

The population of Kinsman being young and high school educated suggests that the addition of these agricul-tural opportunities could greatly affect residents current economic state as well as long term future.

20352020

built materials harvest-ed

greenhouse built


harvest of walnuts

KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue


harvest of walnuts







KINSMAN FIELD


source forest

Biomass production has been moved south in Kinsman to larger less public sites, as Kinsman Field begins to transition into a public open space.

Tulip trees to be harvested at transplants are planted in the switchgrass fields. As these trees grow the switchgrass is shaded out, and production transitions to a nursery and public space area.

The walnut harvesting and greenhouse production are still going strong.

20352025

greenhouse materials seeded and harvested


harvest of walnuts

street removed and ground-cover seeded

KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue



tulip trees planted

tulip tree transplants harvested





KINSMAN FIELD


flex forest

In 2030 Kinsman Field be-comes a flex space, where previously it had been all source forest.

Less planting and harvesting of tulip trees exists, and selective stands are left in place to create shade and gathering areas once the field is made completely public.

20352030



harvest of walnuts


KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue

tulip tree growth

tulip tree transplants harvested




KINSMAN FIELD


flex forest

Kinsman Field is a transi-tioned in 2035 into a fully public park.

Being at the corner of two busy thoroughfares and now existing in a busy working neighborhood, the public open space acts as a gather-ing space for large pub-lic events, as well as an indicator of the increased quality of life in Kinsman, and how that quality of life came about.

20352035



harvest of walnuts


KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue

tulip tree growth heritage tree growth


growth of permanent park trees

KINSMAN FIELD


Kinsman Field Kinsman field is unique in that it has a major biomass harvesting function for the first 15 years of its life, yet slowly lets people in to experience what a working field of switchgrass is like. The grass biomass function changes as tulip tree transplants are added. This render highlights what the experience would be like in the summer of 2025 for a person exploring Kinsman field. The field is a great location for educational outings and for other vacant lots to adopt practices from. From this time in Kinsman Field’s life the public is welcome into the area.

Kinsman field opened to public

KINSMAN FIELD


7701 Kinsman Avenue

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

economic impact


walnut alley

planted field

building and greenhouse

heritage tree

groundcover paths



Residential Forest

7798 Trenton Avenue6 minute walk

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



CHURCH YARD

KINSMAN FIELD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

feet

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


Residential The farthest south site that gets detail treatments is part of the improved residential neighborhood in Kinsman. Fifty year old apartment buildings were removed in 2011 and fenced in vacant land was left. The surrounding streets hold most of the inhabited homes in Kinsman, as well as a new elementary school. The most intensive nursery site is located here, as well as a large ground cover native planting bank.

Harvesting here exists until 2035 when it becomes flex space until residential units are rebuilt and selective tree and resource removals create a “wild” open upland forest for public use.

7798 Trenton Avenue

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

now

public space

public space

public space


source forest

The residential forest is a major tree transplant pro-duction area.

The site is currently all fenced in, which creates a great opportunity for high level production, as the public is originally kept out of the site.

The tree transplants first are transferred around va-cant lots in Kinsman, either to begin another working parcel or act as street tree replacements.

Once the neighborhood is reforested, the transplants can begin traveling out into the greater metro area.

2015

curb and street removal and reuse

planting of rain garden plants

seeding of hops vines on fence

planting of tulip and scarlet oak trees

removal and compost of ur-ban fill and groundcover

removal of turf grass and exotic species

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


7798 Trenton Avenue

tulip trees planted

harvest of tulip tree transplants


scarlet oak growth

removal and compost of turf and groundcover

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


source forest

The residential forest is still an active nursery in 2020, but the street scape is being transformed in preparation for a more pub-lic existence.

Curbs are removed and rain gardens line the edge of the street, while sidewalks are improved.

2020

curb and street removal and reuse




growth and harvest of tulip and oak trees

harvest of hop flow-ers

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


7798 Trenton Avenue

tulip trees planted



scarlet oak growth

harvest of scarlet oak trees

removal and compost of turf and groundcover

removal of curbs and gut-ters

rain garden seeding

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


flex forest

While the residential forest is still private, the tran-sition to public park space is in full swing.

Selective transplant harvest of tulip and oak trees be-gins to leave specimens for the future public park.

2025


harvest of rain garden plants and seeds





RESIDENTIAL FOREST


7798 Trenton Avenue

tulip trees planted



scarlet oak growth


sassafras and maple planted

harvest of sassafras and maple transplants

rain garden seeding

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


flex forest

Kinsman field is opened to the public in 2030, while transplant harvest of red maple and sassafras trees is still in effect.

The groundcover of native meadow throughout most of the site under the trees is used in seed banking, and the fences that lined the entire site are still used in places for hop flower growing and harvest.

2030



harvest of tulip and scar-let oak transplants



RESIDENTIAL FOREST


7798 Trenton Avenue

native meadow seeded

growth of permanent trees


scarlet oak growth


sassafras and maple planted


curb and gutter re-moval

seeding of rain garden

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


flex forest, almost firm forest

In 2035 the residential forest is fully available for public use. Programmed to work in conjunction with the elementary school in Kinsman, the open space is used throughout the year by school children and the wid-er public.

The edges of the residential forest are being redeveloped with single family homes as land value increases in Kinsman because of the re-forestation and innovative entrepreneurial opportuni-ties.

2035


RESIDENTIAL FOREST


7798 Trenton Avenue

growth of permanent trees


scarlet oak growth



new housing units built

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


residential forest The residential forest in 2035 has just become public ground, and the parcels surrounding it are being redeveloped to house additional residents of Kinsman. The working forest has become a new park that supports the biodiversity and seed collection aspects of the new Kinsman identity. In 2035 the edges of the park are still being edited, thus considered flex space, while the majority of the interior trees that are left will be home here in the forest for the remainder of their life.

The selective harvest on the parcels surrounding the residential forest are planted such that intensely harvested areas are located in future building footprints, and selective trees are left outside those footprints. Thus, the lots will have 20 year old trees in a safe place when additional residential units are built.

The residential forest becomes a high quality parkland with diverse tree species

RESIDENTIAL FOREST


2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

economic impact


heritage tree and surroundings

raingarden and streetscape

planted fields

hops vines

housing development

7798 Trenton Avenue



Orchard Esplanade

2801 East 79th Street6 minute walk

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



CHURCH YARD

KINSMAN FIELD

RESIDENTIAL FOREST

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

feet

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


The Orchard Esplanade offers multiple parcels for edible forest and plant growth as well as a public

streetscape and built structures for rent to sell local goods and supply Kinsman with much needed services

orchard esplanade The site just north of the church yard is the heart of the “edible forest” development in Kinsman. The Current conditions on this site include three vacant buildings that hint at the historic density and activity once happening in this neighborhood.

Two fenced in parcels will support fruit tree groves with an edible understory of currants, strawberries, and raspberries.

The western edge of the esplanade will gain built structures as the economy in Kinsman grows. As a resource place holder biomass plantings take up each future building site. The biomass plantings on the western edge are easily clear cut to put up the built structures, while the eastern edge will have open forest and edible forest parcels to support established trees when the public begins to visit Kinsman more regularly.

Moving the northern edge of the esplanade, adjacent to the prairie, we are introduced to the vacant warehouse sites and the second transit stop. The intervention on this site is slight for the first few years as ownership needs to be transitioned to the neighborhood development committee. Once this has taken place, the fenced in site becomes an experiment in storm-water control and collection as well as native tree harvesting possibilities. The innovation and agriculture magnet school begins as a external campus where after school and extra curricular programs are hosted but transitions into a fully formed campus experience on this site by 2040.

By 2040 the esplanade has grown to a developed corridor that has a unique identity representing the ways Kinsman was renewed. In 1950 this neighborhood supported the economy with the people it housed, now it supports the greater regional economy, ecology and social network through forestry.

ORCHARD ESPLANADE


now

20152015

2015

2015

2015

2020

2025

ORCHARD ESPLANADE

The pear grove begins in a fenced in parcel on East 79th. The chain link fence that currently exists is used to trellis grape vines, and keep the public out of the harvest area.

The grove is a piece of source forest, where half the trees are used as transplants and half are used strictly to harvest fruit.

edible source forest esplanade

Along the esplanade multiple parcels of source forest are made up of aspen biomass plantings. The western edge of E 79th sup-ports tree biomass to create a dense edge on one side, while the eastern edge supports meadow and grass biomass source parcels. The western edge also receives editing in the way of rain garden and sidewalk improvements.

This aspen biomass planting con-sists of an entire parcel planted at a dense 5 foot on center grid.

This aspen planting is 4 rows deep of a 6’ by 6’ grid, then transitions into a source forest for street trees.

The biomass planting acts as a natural barrier for the street tree forest, while still acting as a resource on its own.

Over time many biomass parcels located on E 79th will transition to built structure.

turf grass section

meadow section

A large group of parcels on the esplanade receive quick stabilization efforts of turf grass removal and replacement of native meadow grasses.

This large parcel group will transition into open public space as the esplanade grows in popularity. As of 2015 its main action is storm-wa-ter collection, while seed banking will begin to happen after the native plantings no longer need intensive management.


NEXT STEPS


NEXT STEPS

in closing Forest as infill used as a design solution to vacancy in Kinsman creates economic, social and environmental opportunities that previously did not exist.

The young high school educated population will be given opportunities from the start to try something new and use the skills they already posses to build a future career. Working with resource heavy lots with both city employees and researchers will lead to a population with unique

skill sets and an understanding of innovative agricultural practices.

An entrepreneurial spirit throughout the whole of Kinsman is garnered as the population matures in a changing environment.

Over time, through forest infill, Kinsman will gain a distinct community identity and a renewed density of place that makes it an intriguing and exciting place to spend time.

Kinsman will gain a distinct community identity and a renewed density of place


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