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HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN KARBOHIDRAT, STATUS

GIZI DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT

KEBUGARAN KARDIORESPIRASI PADA REMAJA LAKI-

LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA ASTAM

TANGERANG SELATAN

SKRIPSI

IMAM RAMADHANNY

1510714017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 ILMU GIZI

2019




LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA ASTAM

TANGERANG SELATAN

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Gizi (S.Gz)

IMAM RAMADHANNY

1510714017

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 ILMU GIZI

2019

ii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

iii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI

iv

PENGESAHAN

v




LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA

ASTAM TANGERANG SELATAN

Imam Ramadhanny

Abstrak

Prestasi sepakbola Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. per tanggal 7 Februari 2019

indonesia berada diperingkat ke-159 dari 211 negara anggota FIFA (FIFA, 2019).

Salah satu penyebab dari rendahnya prestasi sepakbola Indonesia adalah rendahnya

tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada atlet sepakbola indonesia. Penelitian ini

bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat, status gizi

berdasarkan IMT/U dan persen lemak tubuh terhadap tingkat kebugaran

kardiorespirasi pada remaja laki-laki usia 13-15 tahun di SSB ASTAM tangerang

selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel

sebanyak 45 atlet sepakbola usia 13-15 tahun. Data asupan karbohidrat diambil

dengan menggunakan metode wawancara Recall 3x24 jam, data ststus gizi diambil

dengan pengukuran antropometri, data persen lemak tubuh diambil menggunakan

BIA menggunakan Karada Scan HBF-358 BW, serta data tingkat kebugaran

kardiorespirasi diambil menggunakan metode 20m Multistage Fitness Test.

Analisis hubungan yang dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan

Spearmann. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara

persen lemak tubuh (r=-0.329;p=0.027) dengan tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi,

namun tidak ada hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat (r=0.086;p=0.573) dan status

gizi (r=-0.188;p=0.215) dengan tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada remaja laki-

laki usia 13-15 tahun di SSB ASTAM tangerang selatan. Peneliti menyarankan

untuk melakukan penyuluhan gizi terkait hal-hal yang dapat meningkatkan tingkat

kebugaran kardiorespirasi serta melakukan monitoring terhadap program tersebut

Kata Kunci : Tingkat Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi, Asupan Karbohidrat, Status

Gizi, Persen Lemak Tubuh, VO2max

vi

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE,

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE ON

CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS LEVEL ON MALE

ADOLESCENT AGED 13-15 YEARS IN ASTAM SOCCER

SCHOOL SOUTH TANGERANG

Imam Ramadhanny

Abstract

Indonesian football achievements still relatively low. as of February 7, 2019

Indonesia was ranked 159th out of 211 FIFA member countries (FIFA, 2019). One

of the causes of underachievements of Indonesian football is the low level of

cardiorespiratory fitness in Indonesian soccer athletes. This study aims to determine

the relationship between carbohydrate intake, nutritional status based on BMI/age

and body fat percentage on cardiorespiratory fitness level on male adolescent aged

13-15 years in ASTAM soccer school south tangerang. This study used a cross-

sectional design with 45 sample of soccer athletes aged 13-15 years old. Analysis

was performed using Pearson and Spearmann correlation test. Carbohydrate intake

data was taken using the Interview Recall 3x24 hours method, nutritional status

data taken with anthropometric measurements, body fat percent data was taken

using BIA using HBF-358 BW Karada Scan, and cardiorespiratory fitness level

data was taken using the 20m Multistage Fitness Test method. The analysis shows

that there is a relationship between body fat percentage (r=-0.329; p=0.027) and

cardiorespiratory fitness level, but there is no relationship between carbohydrate

intake (r=0.086 ;p=0.573) and nutritional status (r=-0.188; p=0.215) with

cardiorespiratory fitness level in adolescent aged 13-15 years in ASTAM soccer

school south tangerang. Researchers suggest conducting nutrition counseling

related to matters that can increase the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and to

monitor the program

Keywords : Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level, Carbohydrate Intake, Nutritional

Status, Body Fat Percentage, VO2max

vii

KATA PENGANTAR

viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ......................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .................................................. iii PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1 I.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1 I.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 4 I.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 4 I.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 6 II.1 Remaja ........................................................................................................... 6 II.2 Olahraga sepakbola........................................................................................ 6 II.3 Kebugaran ...................................................................................................... 7 II.4 Hal yang Berhubungan dengan Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi ....................... 11 II.5 Pengukuran Tingkat Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi ........................................ 26 II.6 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................ 33 II.7 Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................................ 34 II.8 Matriks Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................... 34 II.9 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 34

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ....................................................................... 35 III.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ..................................................................... 35 III.2 Desain Penelitian ......................................................................................... 35 III.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 35 III.4 Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................................... 37 III.5 Etik Penelitian ............................................................................................. 39 III.6 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................... 40 III.7 Analisis Data ............................................................................................... 41 III.8 Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................... 42

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 43 IV.1 Gambaran Umum Penelitian ....................................................................... 43 IV.2 Analisis Univariat ........................................................................................ 44 IV.3 Analisis Bivariat .......................................................................................... 47 IV.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................... 53

ix

BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 54 V.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 54 V.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 54

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 56 RIWAYAT HIDUP

LAMPIRAN

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1 Anjuran Konsumsi Karbohidrat Sebelum Latihan ........................ 16

Tabel 2 Anjuran Konsumsi Karbohidrat Selama Latihan .......................... 17

Tabel 3 Kategori Faktor Aktivitas ............................................................. 18

Tabel 4 Klasifikasi Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi .................... 19

Tabel 5 Standar Pertumbuhan Anak untuk IMT/U .................................... 24

Tabel 6 Klasifikasi Persen Lemak Tubuh untuk Remaja ........................... 25

Tabel 7 Norma VO2max untuk Tes 20MSFT ........................................... 28

Tabel 8 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Tes 20MSFT ...................... 29

Tabel 9 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Balke Test .......................... 30

Tabel 10 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Cooper Test ........................ 31

Tabel 11 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Harvard Step Test .............. 32

Tabel 12 Definisi Operasional ..................................................................... 40

Tabel 13 Jadwal Penelitian .......................................................................... 42

Tabel 14 Data Siswa SSB ASTAM ............................................................. 44

Tabel 15 Gambaran Karakteristik Responden ............................................. 45

Tabel 16 Hasil Analisis Bivariat .................................................................. 47

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 Proses Sintesa Gligoken ............................................................. 15

Gambar 2 Proses Glikogenolisis ................................................................. 16

Gambar 3 Kerangka Teori........................................................................... 33

Gambar 4 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................... 34

Gambar 5 Peta Lokasi Penelitian ................................................................ 43

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Surat Keterangan Ethical Approval/ Persetujuan etik

Lampiran 2 Berita Acara Ujian Komprehensif (Skripsi)

Lampiran 3 Surat Izin Penelitian dan Pengambilan Data

Lampiran 4 Matriks Pendahuluan Terdahulu

Lampiran 5 Lembar Penjelasan

Lampiran 6 Informed Consent

Lampiran 7 Formulir Kuesioner Recall 24 Jam

Lampiran 8 Hasil Uji Univariat

Lampiran 9 Hasil Uji Bivariat

Lampiran 10 Dokumentasi

Lampiran 11 Surat Pernyataan Bebas Plagiarism

Lampiran 12 Hasil Turnitin

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