© 2004. Royce International USA

Royce INTERNATIONALPresents

PHENALKAMINES(APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES)

presented byDr. Hubert Monteiro

COMMITTED TO YOUR SUCCESS……SINCE 1929

I. CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID (cnsl)

• Key ingredient in the manufacture of Phenalkamines• The industrial applications of the shell oil are based upon its

polymerization to a rubber-like material under the influence of acids, and on the formation of a wide range of condensation products with aldehydes. The latter are generally hard, infusible and extremely resistant to the action of chemicals such as acids and alkalis. The cashew shell liquid is now used in the manufacture of brake liners, paints, varnishes, lacquers and insulators.

II. Structure of phenalkamine

H27C15

OHCH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2

III. Typical Properties OF PHENALKAMINES

RA 951(K 541)

RA 950(K 540)

Appearance Reddish brown viscous liquid

Reddish brown liquid

Color (Gardner) 17 17

Density (lbs/gal) 8.23 8.27

Solids content (1 hr @ 1050C) >95% >96%

Viscosity @ 250C (cPs) 35000 2500

Amine value (mg KOH/g) 320 520

Active hydrogen equivalent weight 130 81

Flash Point 630C 1070C

Recommended PHR* 65 - 75 35 - 45

Gel Time @ 250C * (100 g) (minutes) 35-85 30-55

Thin Film Cure Time* @ 750F (hours) @ 420F (hours)

9-1417-22

9-1119-22

* with liquid epoxy resin of EEW 190

IV. ADVANTAGES OF PHENALKAMINES • Solvent-free / VOC compliant• Long pot-life• Fast-drying for quick recoat• Cure below 400F (50C)• Cure in all seasons under damp/humid conditions• Good adhesion to most surfaces (RA 950 to plastics)• Low toxicity• No induction period• Non-critical mixing ratios• Compatible with coal tar and with most solvents• Outstanding resistance to water, even sea water• USDA acceptance• RA 951 DOT non-corrosive

V. CURING OF EPOXY RESINS AT 270C

Curing of Epoxy Resin with various Hardeners at 27 Degrees Centigrade

0

20

40

60

80

100

24 48 72 96

Hours

Polyamide

Amidoamine

Reactive Amine

DETA

Hardener K 540

Hardener K 541

VI. CURING OF EPOXY RESINS AT 40C

Curing of Epoxy Resin with various hardeners at 4 Degrees Centigrade

0

20

40

60

80

100

24 48 72 96

Hours

Polyamide

Amidoamine

Reactive Amine

DETA

Hardener K 540

Hardener K 541

VII. WATER RESISTANTCE OF PHENALKAMINE CURED SYSTEMS

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.002.202.40

% Weight Change

25 65

Immersion Temperature (Degrees Centigrade)

Water Absorption of Phenalkamines Vs. other Hardeners

RA-950

RA-951LV

POLYAMIDE

CYCLOALIPHATIC

MANNICH BASE

VIII. LIMITATIONS OF PHENALKAMINES

• Dark color• Shelf life of 6 months• Slight tendency to blush• Moderate chemical resistance• Poor solvent resistance

IX. Applications of Phenalkamines

• Marine Paints

• Industrial Maintenance Protective Coatings

• Tank and Pipe Linings

• Coatings for Potable water Applications

• Primers for Concrete

X. STRUCTURE OF CARDANOL GLYCIDYL ETHER (RA-913)

C15H27

O-CH2-CH-CH2

O

XI. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF RA-913

Appearance : Clear brown liquid

Color (Gardner) : Max. 13

Viscosity at 250C : 50 cPs

Epoxide equivalent weight : 455 – 555

Specific Gravity at 250C : 0.98

Volatile Matter (1200C / 1 h) : Max. 2

Flash Point : >2000C

Storage Stability : 6 months

XII. ADVANTAGES OF RA-913

• Viscosity Reduction: A 50% reduction in viscosity is obtained with a 10% addition of RA 913.

• Very low volatility

• Increased Flexibility: Improved Impact and Thermal Shock Resistance with little effect on Hardness.

• Compatibility: Compatible with usual epoxy resin and hardener systems and with low cost hydrocarbon solvents.

• Increased pot-life: Extends pot-life without increasing total cure time.

• Electrical Properties: Does not affect electrical properties of epoxy resin system with addition up to 15 phr.

• Dimensional stability: Reduces internal stress and improves flexural modulus which results in a great improvement in the dimensional stability of a cured product.

XIII. VOLATILITY OF REACTIVE DILUENTS

Volatile Contents of Diluents

0369

12151821242730

100 30 20 10

Percent Diluent in Lapox B-13

Per

cent

Vol

atile

BGE

Epoxide 7

CGE

BDGE

RR-913

XIV. LIMITATIONS OF RA-913

• Dark color

• Shelf life of 6 months

• Slight tendency to blush

• Moderate chemical resistance

• Poor solvent resistance