http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/nationalqualifications/videos/video_tcm4548035.aspUsing this link to carry out a 3-5-7 activity

Key Ideas

1.Industry is complex and has changed2.Original locational factors are not important now3.Government decisions and financial aid and major factors today4.Global economy now effects location and growth5.Originally widespread industry became located closer to power sources and are now widespread again6.Some areas evolve and change others proper then die7.Manufacturing has changed in its needs and in its impacts8.Improved technology has led to more capital investment9.Past industry is now either a heritage site or blight on landscape10.Application of technology and science is vital to industry11.Employment in tertiary is more than secondary.

Clark and Fisher sector model

Task 1.Define- with the aid of appropriate example for each- the terms Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary industries. (8)

http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/nationalqualifications/videos/tcm4548037.asp

2. Use this link to classify industry as Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary.

1 Tertiary/quaternary

2 Primary

3 Secondary

4 Secondary

5 Tertiary

6 Secondary

7 Tertiary

8 Secondary

9 Secondary

10 Secondary

11 Secondary

12 Tertiary

13 Tertiary

14 Tertiary

15 Primary

16 Tertiary

The industrial structure of an areas is the proportion of different types of industry found there.

The proportion of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries vary from country to country.

As a country undergoes economic development, the proportion of people working in the different sectors changes.

United Kingdom Pakistan

SQA: Describe and explain the industrial structure difference between the two countries.(8)

KLMN

Factors Reasons why…

Raw Material Location near raw material reduces transport cost esp. if the raw material is heavy (coal) or if the transport infrastructure is poor the cost of transport is too expensive.

Market A location near market reduces transport cost and reduces time taken to deliver orders.

Power Supplies In 19th century, most industries located near their power source- either water or coal-because it was too heavy or impossible to transport.

Transport In the 19th century, transport was a major coast for most industries and so industries located near cheap transport river, canal, coast.

Government Policies

(after 1945)

The government tries to influence where companies are set up by offering incentives: Reduces tax rate, subsidies, tax allowance, construction grants, ready-build factories/facilities, rent-free periods, worker training schemes etc… Obstacles: refusing planning permission (in National Parks, Green Belts, residential areas)

Labour supply Near large centres of population because industry was labour-intensive and most jobs were unskilled.

Environment Little thought was given to the environment which people worked, very dangerous and often dirty conditions. (think typical “Victorian factory”) They also didn’t give much thought into the “green” agenda, population and industrial waste control wasn’t as important as it is today.

Linkage Some factories and companies located near to same/similar industries so they can share transport, labour, bulk buy material (and get it cheaper) and offer each other support.

Site Suitable site, flat land, firm foundation, dry (free from flooding), cheap land, space for expansion, planning permission.

Widespread industry based on raw materials in clusters of population due to fishing, farming, mining and forestry. Transport slow and difficult

Industrial revolution. Larger textile mills, rural, next to rivers. Investment needed, loans/landowners/entrepreneur/merchants from colonies. Jobless from Agricultural revolution. Roads are improving with turnpike (toll) roads.

Steam power is the new technology and this needs coal. New industrial towns grow next to fuel and raw materials. Rural to urban migration and immigration. Tenement blocks and terraced housing needed. Transport develops to include canals, railways and this widens markets and hinterlands. Shipping brings colonial trade.

After the depression of 1930s new industry on the periphery of large urban areas used electricity and road transport. They were dispersed in industrial estates and footloose. Clothing, foodstuffs, electrical goods etc made up the light industries which were influenced by government policy for their location.

Heavy industry – coal mining, manufacturing iron and steel, shipbuilding and heavy engineering had a cumulative impact on the Scottish environment.

Silicon Glen grew due to government subsidies, motorway expansion, proximity of universities and an available workforce.

Decreases in primary and heavy secondary industries meant old landscapes were regenerated and the new knowledge and ICT economy of science parks and call centres funded by transnational companies took their place. Scotland's Story

Old Industrial Landscape

New Industrial Landscape