html (hyper text markup language)

SUBJECT-COMPUTER SCIENCE.

Please Select one option-

HTML WEBPAGE-

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for displaying web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags, known as empty elements, are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag(they are also called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, tags, comments and other types of text-based content.

In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in the last part of 1990. In that year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he lists"some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and puts an encyclopedia first.

TIM BERNARS-LEE

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.

HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded

by angle brackets like <html>.

HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and

</b>.

The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag

is the end tag.

The end tag is written like the start tag, with

a forward slash before the tag name.

Start and end tags are also called opening

tags and closing tags.

HTML attributes are modifiers of HTML elements. They

generally appear as name-value pairs, separated by "=",

and are written within the start tag of an element, after the

element's name:

<tag attribute="value">(content to be modified by the

tag)</tag>Where tag names the HTML element, attribute is

the name of the attribute, set to the provided value.

HTML elements can have attributes.

Attributes provide additional information about an

element.

Attributes are always specified in the start tag.

Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_elements

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Eg.---- <html>

<body>

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>


<h3>This is heading 3 </h3>

<h4>This is heading 4 </h4>


• Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. We can Use

the <br /> tag if we want a line break (a new line)

without starting a new paragraph. The <br /> element is

an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

Eg.-<html>

<body>

<p>This is<br />a Para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

</body>

</html>

Tag Description

<p> Defines a paragraph

<br /> Inserts a single line break

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_p.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asp

• HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting

output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are

called formatting tags.

Tag Description

<b> Defines bold text

<big> Defines big text

<em> Defines emphasized text

<i> Defines italic text

<small> Defines small text

<strong> Defines strong text

<sub> Defines subscripted text

<sup> Defines superscripted text

<ins> Defines inserted text

<del> Defines deleted text

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_font_style.asp


http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_phrase_elements.asp



http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_phrase_elements.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_sup.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_sup.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_ins.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_del.asp

Eg.-<html>

<body>

<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>

<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>

<p><big>This text is big</big></p>

<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>

<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>

<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>

<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>

</body>

</html>

HTML IMAGESIn HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains

attributes only, and has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, we need to use the “src”

attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src

attribute is the URL of the image we want to display.

We can set the height,width,alter,border etc. of an

image.

HTML IMAGE EXAMPLE

<html>

<body>

<h2>Norwegian Mountain Trip</h2>

<img border="0" src="/images/pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock"

width="304" height="228" />

</body>

</html>

HTML IMAGE OUTPUT

Tables are def ined wi th the < tab le> tag.

A tab le is d iv ided in to rows (w i th the < t r>

tag) , and each row is d iv ided in to data

ce l ls (w i th the < td> tag) . td s tands for

" tab le data , " and ho lds the content o f a

data ce l l . A < td> tag can conta in tex t ,

l inks , images, l i s ts , fo rms, o ther tab les ,

e tc .

If we do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.

Tag Description

<table> Defines a table

<th> Defines a table header

<tr> Defines a table row

<td> Defines a table cell

<caption> Defines a table caption

<colgroup> Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting

<col /> Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table

<thead> Groups the header content in a table

<tbody> Groups the body content in a table

<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_table.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_th.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_tr.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_td.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_caption.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_colgroup.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_col.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_thead.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_tbody.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_tfoot.asp

<table border="1"><tr>

<th>Header 1</th><th>Header 2</th>

</tr><tr>

<td>row 1, cell 1</td><td>row 1, cell 2</td>

</tr><tr>

<td>row 2, cell 1</td><td>row 2, cell 2</td>

</tr></table>

HTML Ordered Lists-

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked with numbers.

HTML Unordered Lists-

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

HTML Definition Lists-

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.The <dl> tag defines a definition list.The<dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list).

HTML TABLES

EXAMPLE- ORDERED LIST---- <ol>

<li>Coffee</li><li>Milk</li></ol>

UNORDERED LIST----- <ul><li>Coffee</li><li>Milk</li></ul>

DEFINITION LIST----- <dl><dt>Coffee</dt><dd>- black hot drink</dd><dt>Milk</dt><dd>- white cold drink</dd></dl>

HTML TABLE TAGS-

Tag Description

<ol> Defines an ordered list

<ul> Defines an unordered list

<li> Defines a list item

<dl> Defines a definition list

<dt> Defines an item in a definition list

<dd> Defines a description of an item in a definition list

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_ol.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_ul.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_li.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_dl.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_dt.asp

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_dd.asp

Html Examples OUTPUT-

HTML COLORS-Color Values

HTML colors are defined using a

hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the

combination of Red, Green, and Blue color

values (RGB).

The lowest value that can be given to one

of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The

highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF).

HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-

digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

HTML COLOR CODES

000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF

003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF

006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF

009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF

00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF

00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF

330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF

333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF

336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF

339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF



HTML COLOR CODES

660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF

663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF

666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF

669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF



990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF

993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF

996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF

999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF



CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF

HTML COLOR CODES




CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF

CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF

FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF




FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF

FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF