hsdpa and hspa dimensioning

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WCDMA HSPA&HSPA+ Dimensioning

P-1 WCDMA HSPA&HSPA+ Dimensioning




Continuous coverage target service requirement with specific coverage probability

should be given for R99

Cell edge throughput requirement with specific coverage requirement should be given

for HSDPA



The cell total transmit power is the constant resources. The DL power consists of the

following three parts:

Power of the HSPA DL physical channel (HS-PDSCH, and HS-SCCH)

Common channel power

DPCH power



Fast power control

For R99, power control margin should be considered

For HSDPA, the maximum transmission power for HS-PDSCH is the

remaining power excluding R99 power and power margin, and no power

control margin

SHO gain

For R99, SHO gain should be considered

For HSDPA, only hard handover, no SHO gain

HSDPA related parameters should be configured when simulation

Max number of HS-PDSCH channel

Min number of HS-PDSCH channel

HSDPA power allocation, dynamic or fixed

HS-SCCH power allocation, dynamic or fixed

Max number of HSDPA users

Scheduling Algorithm



DL Coupling Loss :

PL_DL: Downlink path loss

Lf_BS: cable loss of NodeB

Ga_antenna: Gain of UE antenna and NodeB antenna

Lb: Body loss

SFMNSHO: Slow fading margin without soft handover

Lp: Penetration loss

Cell edge Ec/No:

PHS-DSCH : total power of HS-DSCH channel

: non-orthogonality factor

: neighbor cell interference factor

: downlink load factor including R99 and HSDPA service

Pmax : max transmission power of downlink

Nt : thermal noise power spectral density , typical value is -108.16dB

NF : receiver noise figure of UE, typical value is 7dB

f

DL



The theoretical maximum throughput is decided by the number of HSDPA codes.

For HSDPA, soft handover gain and fast fading margin should not be considered in

link budget , since neither power control nor soft handover in HS-PDSCH channel



The step is present below:

According to the Cell Radius comes from R99 dimensioning, the Downlink

Path Loss can be calculated

According to the Downlink Path Loss , the Downlink Coupling Loss can be

calculated

According to the Downlink Coupling Loss and HS-DSCH Power, Cell Edge

Ec/No can be calculated

According to the Cell Edge Ec/No and simulation result, Cell Edge Throughput

can be calculated




According to the Cell Edge Throughput and simulation result, Cell Edge Ec/No

can be calculated

According to the Cell Edge Ec/No and HS-DSCH Power, the Downlink

Coupling Loss can be calculated

According to the Downlink Coupling Loss, the Downlink Path Loss can be

calculated

According to the Downlink Path Loss and and Propagation Model, HSDPA

Cell radius can be calculated




According to the Cell Radius comes from R99 dimensioning, the Downlink

Path Loss can be calculated

According to the Downlink Path Loss , the Downlink Coupling Loss can be

calculated

According to the Cell Edge Throughput and simulation result, Cell Edge Ec/No

can be calculated

According to the Downlink Coupling Loss and Cell Edge Ec/No , HS-DSCH

Power can be calculated



HSDPA Capacity Dimensioning

to obtain the average cell throughput

based on HSDPA simulation result

considering the gain of HSDPA scheduling

the maximum data rate is limited by the available power, available codes

resource and UE capacity

higher cell target load can be available for HSDPA



During the HSDPA capacity dimensioning procedure, we know the Cell Coverage

Radius (obtained from the coverage planning) and Cell Average Throughput

(obtained from the traffic model), and we want to get the HSDPA Power Allocation

based on simulation

Ior: The power spectral density for the WCDMA signal of the cell

Ioc: The power spectral density for the interference, excluding thermal noise



Due the technical features of the WCDMA, compared with the 2G systems such as

GSM, the RNC and Node B present enormous capacity. For example, for the fully

configured NodeB, the number of channels of one carrier is 128, which is more than

10 times of that supported by a TRX of GSM. One uplink processing unit of our

NODEB has the processing capacity of 128 12.2kbps voice channels. One 3*1

WCDMA BTS is equivalent to the GSM sites of one S10/10/10. At the beginning of

the WCDMA network construction, so high a capacity is not a necessity, and only a

portion of it is required (e.g., 10%). If we offer the quotation based on the maximum

hardware channel capacity of TRX like the GSM, it will make the operators incur

enormous cost and mismatch the user quantity. To reduce the initial investment, the

operator is bound to pay the equipment price to the supplier according to the actual

use capacity, and, subsequently, pay more equipment prices with the increase of the

user quantity. This way, the operator will reduce the initial investment and mitigate the

risks.

Specifications of the WBBP board:



Softer HO CE: 3900 series NodeB doesnt need extra CE resource, but 3800 series NodeB needs extra CE resource

HSUPA shares CE resource with R99 services: that means the HSUPA E-DCH

shares CE resource with R99 services



The mapping relationship of Channel Elements consumption for each bearer is based

on Uplink 2-way diversity

In the case of uplink 4-way diversity, the CE consumption is shown below:

Bearers CE (4-way diversity)

AMR12.2k 2

CS64k 4

PS64k 4

PS128k 8

PS384k 16

Detailed and recently updated data should be referred to the newest issued notice of

"UMTS RAN Product Specificaiton".



HSDPA Traffic:

Separate dedicated module processing HSDPA Traffic so HSDPA traffic does

not occupy any R99 CE resource.

HS-DSCH and HS-SCCH does not affect base band capacity for R99 services.

HS-DPCCH

HS-DPCCH doesnot consume any R99 Channel Element since its base band

resource is reserved in BBU module.

UL A-DCH (DPCCH)

PS64k is recommended to bear uplink user data, TCP acknowledgement and

signaling.

One PS64k consumes 3 CE in uplink.

DL A-DCH (DPCCH)

A-DCH bears DL signaling control.

A-DCH can be beared on HSDPA since RAN10.0 if SRB over HSDPA is

adopted. With this feature, downlink A-DCH doesnt consume CE.



HSDPA channels doesnt occupy R99 CE resource, but we should calculate the A-DCH CE.



Link dimensioning intends to estimate the system coverage by analyzing the factors

of the propagation channels of the uplink signal and downlink signal. It is the link

analysis model.

If the parameters such as transmit signal power, gain and loss of the transmitter and

receiver, and quality threshold of received signal are known or estimated, the allowed

maximum path loss used for ensuring the quality of received signal can be calculated.

When HSUPA be introduced, the peak rate of PS service will increase, the ratio of

peak rate to average rate will increase, the capability of device to process the signal

will be affected. The UE power backoff need to be consided.



Given cell radius, the maximum available path loss of HSUPA can be calculated

based on propagation models. According to HSUPA link budget procedure given

before, cell edge NodeB receiver signal strength is obtained.

Similar with that of HSDPA cell edge throughput calculation, the achievable HSUPA

physical layer throughput at certain Ec/No and BLER is interpolated through existing

simulation results.

HSUPA Mac layer throughput equals to the product of physical layer throughput and

(1-SBLER).



SBLER: Schedule Block Error Rate at the MAC layer, which is calculated through the

following formula: Number of transmission failures/Total number of transmissions x

100%.

From simulation result of HSUPA given in the former page, both channel model and

SBLER have impact on the relationship between Ec/N0 and HSUPA physical Layer

throughput.

In addition, HSUPA UE category and NodeB capability also influence the mentioned

simulation result.



FFM: Fast Fading Margin

SHO: Soft Handover

MDC: Macro Diversity Combination



The simulation result shows that the receiver sensitivity of HSUPA is better than that

of R99



Due to fast NodeB scheduling, uplink load of HSUPA is more stable than that of R99

and hence HSUPA could operate at higher load.

However, higher load of HSUPA would shrink cell coverage if the network is uplink-

coverage limited.

For HSUPA, target uplink cell load is dependent on the trade off between cell

coverage and capacity.

If the operator wants higher uplink capacity and could tolerate smaller coverage,

uplink load larger than 50% could be adopted.



With the introduction of HSUPA, a lower uplink margin for preventing overload

situations can be used, because the fast resource allocation and control mechanisms

in the NodeB can potentially remove excessive load quickly



When R99 and HSUPA share one carrier, HSUPA actual cell load equals to total

uplink load minus HS-DPCCH load, R99 load and A-DCH load.

The maximum rate of single user is the upper limit of HSUPA data rate achievable at

distance R.

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HSUPA will use the spare load apart from that of R99, HS-DPCCH and A-DCH

in uplink

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If SRB over HSUPA is adopted, it is no necessary to use the HSUPA A-DCH.



UsersPerNodeB : subscribers per NodeB

: CE consumed by HSUPA bearer rate: AvgUserRateHSUPA /(1-SBLER)

PSHO : SHO overhead

PHSUPABurst : HSUPA burst margin

BLER: Qos requirement of application layer

AvgUserRateHSUPA : HSUPA user average throughput in Kbit

For Huawei RAN10, the maximum NUser_HSUPA_NodeB is 60 per NodeB

HSUPA



If SRB over HSDPA is adopted, it is no necessary to use the HSUPA A-DCH.

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Only A-DCH of HSUPA may consume downlink CE resources: if the SRB over

HSDPA is on, downlink A-DCH doesnt consume downlink CE.

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Ior/Ioc CQI user throughput


The figures showed in this slide is from the link level simulation from HUAWEI

High-order modulation is very sensitive to interference, for 64QAM, there is almost no

coverage gain at cell edge

64QAM can bring users higher throughput under good radio condition compared to

HSPA

PA3 is a model with relatively fewer multiple paths

The analysis based on Ior/Ioc is reasonable for HSDPA throughput because CQI is

related to the interference. When CQI is lower, the user throughput is lower



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For micro scenario, higher capacity gain can be obtained compared to macro cells

due to the less interference from the neighboring cells

DAS: Distributed Antenna System



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If SRB over HSDPA is enabled

0 Channel Element required in downlink.

If SRB over HSDPA is not enabled

1 link consumes 1 Channel Element in downlink.

The CE Consumption principle of DL 64QAM is same with DL 16QAM

In this slide, link means RL Link



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Compared with 16QAM, MIMO gets better performance across the cell

MIMO provides cell coverage extend compare to HSDPA

User throughput gets higher improvement with MIMO in good RF condition

For MIMO, Integrated MIMO with automatic adaptation of single stream in low Ior/Ioc

(cell edge) gives the best coverage extend. Dual stream MIMO gives far better user

experience in the same location compare to HSPA.



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For PA3 channel model, to MIMO dual stream, the coverage gain at cell edge is ~0%

compared to HSDPA 16QAM; ~15% coverage gain at cell middle; and throughput

gain is in the range of 50%~80% near site

Why the coverage of MIMO dual stream is almost the same as that of HSDPA

16QAM while larger throughput gain near site? The main reason is that dual stream

halves the HSDPA power to each of the two streams (e.g. if HSDPA power is 10W,

each stream of the dual stream is 5W), the SINR of each of the dual stream is very

low when the radio condition is not good, which result in the low throughput.

However, when the radio condition changes to be good, the function of dual stream

will play it role and brings higher throughput

For MIMO single stream, it brings 40%~60% coverage gain at cell edge compared to

HSDPA 16QAM. ~15% at cell middle, and ~0% near site

Why single stream brings high coverage gain at cell edge? Single stream adopts TX

diversity in downlink and obtain diversity gain. When the radio condition is bad, TX

diversity play important role compared no TX diversity

MIMO single stream can be switched into dual stream, vise versa. NodeB determine

the final selection between single stream or dual stream according to the CQI

reported from UE. Single stream is the same as the R99 STTD. Single stream can

improve coverage compared to no TX diversity, dual stream can improve capacity

under good radio condition



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Users are uniformly distributed in the cells

DU: Dense Urban



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If SRB over HSDPA is enabled

0 Channel Element required in downlink.

If SRB over HSDPA is not enabled

1 link consumes 1 Channel Element in downlink.



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CPC provides obviously capacity gain to VOIP services

CPC provides capacity gain to services which are periodically bursting such as VOIP,

Gaming, WEB Browsing

Almost no capacity gain to FTP service because the data transmission is continuous

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More VOIP users helps to achieve higher total cell average throughput

Higher uplink loading, more performance improvement

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HS-SCCH less operation feature of CPC in the downlink saves the power of NodeB

and allocate these power for service channel and improve the cell capacity in the

downlink



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PB3 is model with multiple paths, and the interference between paths is strong



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For DC-HSDPA, there is almost no coverage gain at cell edge, but DC-HSDPA

extend coverage rang of services with same data rate compared to SC-HSDPA

DC-HSDPA can brings users higher throughput and smaller response time for burst

service under good radio condition compared to SC-HSDPA



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For link budget, at cell edge, the coverage gain is 0% compared to SC-HSDPA with

16QAM

It should be noted that in radio network planning, the user throughput at cell edge is

generally the focus of mobile operators. The analysis based on Ior/Ioc is reasonable

for HSDPA throughput because the CQI is related to the interference, when CQI is

lower, the throughput is lower



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For micro scenario, higher capacity gain can be obtained compared to macro cells

due to the less interference from the neighboring cells



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For MIMO, Integrated MIMO with automatic adaptation of single stream in low Ior/Ioc

(cell edge) gives the best coverage extend, dual stream MIMO gives far better user

experience in high Ior/Ioc(near site)



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Single stream and dual stream can be changed automatically based on Ior/Ioc (dual

stream can be used when Ior/Ioc>15dB.)

For MIMO dual stream, the coverage gain at cell edge is ~0% compared to HSDPA

16QAM; ~15% coverage gain at cell middle; and throughput gain is in the range of

50%~80% near site. Why the coverage of MIMO dual stream is almost the same as

that of HSDPA 16QAM while larger throughput gain near site? The main reason is

that dual stream halves the HSDPA power to each of the two streams (e.g. if HSDPA

power is 10W, each stream of the dual stream is 5W), the SINR of each of the dual

stream is very low when the radio condition is not good, which result in the low

throughput. However, when the radio condition changes to be good, the function of

dual stream will play it role and brings higher throughput

For MIMO single stream, it brings 40%~60% coverage gain at cell edge compared to

HSDPA 16QAM. ~15% at cell middle, and ~0% near site. Why single stream brings

high coverage gain at cell edge? Single stream adopts TX diversity in downlink and

obtain diversity gain. When the radio condition is bad, TX diversity play important role

compared no TX diversity

MIMO single stream can be switched into dual stream, vise versa. NodeB determine

the final selection between single stream or dual stream according to the CQI

reported from UE. Single stream is the same as the R99 STTD. Single stream can

improve coverage compared to no TX diversity, dual stream can improve capacity

under good radio condition



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Users are uniformly distributed in the cells



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The gain of UL 16QAM is available when the UL target load is higher than 75%

Raise user peak rate and cell throughput up to 35%

Obtain higher performance in Micro cell and indoor area than in Macro cell



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IC(Interference Cancellation) is a multi-user detection technique

Lab radio test scenario:

Dual Receive Antenna in NodeB

IC resource: 12 codes(Scrambling codes)

Single cell test

No FDE(frequency domain equalization )



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FDE(frequency domain equalization) can reduce the interference from multi-path so

as to increase the received signal quality and uplink throughput

The gain in the scenarios with little multi-path like PA3 is less than 10%. But in the

scenarios abundant in multi-path, the gain is obvious higher and up to 36% in lab test



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Simulation condition :

Urban scenario

PA3 channel mode

Speed: 3km/h

DL Neighbor Cell Load: 50%



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Simulation condition :

Urban scenario

PA3 channel mode

Speed: 3km/h

DL Neighbor Cell Load: 50%



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Similarly, cell throughput of DC-MIMO (64QAM) has 23% gain over 64QAM due to

the coactions of DC and MIMO



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DC-HSUPA coverage is slightly inferior to SC-HSUPA coverage because the

secondary carrier uses the DPCCH for power control and so consumes additional

uplink power. This defect can be relieved by enabling the HSUPA TTI Selection

feature or coverage-based BE service fallback from the E-DCH to DCH algorithm.

To support a peak rate of 23 Mbit/s, the RoT threshold must be raised. A higher RoT

threshold may result in smaller cell coverage, a higher service drop rate, and a lower

handover success rate. This defect can be relieved by enabling the Dynamic Target

RoT Adjustment feature. The Dynamic Target RoT Adjustment feature minimizes the

impact of a higher RoT.

By estimation, the coverage of DC-HSUPA is shrank about 4.4% compared to SC-

HSUPA.



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Impact on uplink capacity dimensioning ,mainy come from scheduling gain

Simulation Condition

Noise Rise: 6 dB

Static test, no limit of UE power

FTP full buffer uploading

Total UE number: 2/4/6/8/16, evenly distributed in 2 cells

SC-HSUPA: cat 6; DC-HSUPA: Cat9

Channel model: AWGN

Simulation Conclusion

DC throughput has 2.46% gain due to DC system scheduling in 2 cells when

2 Users

DC throughput has -5.99% gain due to too much power cost for secondary

carrier DPCCH when 8 Users

AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise)



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hsdpa and hspa dimensioning

Documents

permission p

r99 power

power margin

remaining power

total power of hs

permission fast power

hspdsch channel p

maximum transmission